Poisoned Legacy

Aidan Dodson

Description

The first book to examine the turbulent period from the death of Rameses II to the accession of Rameses III
After the death of RamesesII, the Nineteenth Dynasty, soon fell into decline and familial conflict, culminating in a final civil war that ended with the accession of a new dynasty. Sethy I and Rameses II's promotion of a concept of a wider 'royal family' may have sown the seeds for the conflicts among their descendants.
Aidan Dodson explores the mysteries of the origins of the usurper-king Amenmeses and the career of the 'king-maker' of the period, the chancellor Bay. Having helped to install at least one pharaoh on the throne, Bay's life was ended by his abrupt execution, ordered by the woman with whom he had shared the regency of Egypt for the young and disabled King Siptah. Finally, the author considers how that woman-Tawosret-became the last true female pharaoh, and how she finally lost her throne to the founder of the Twentieth Dynasty, Sethnakhte.

Sujets

• Histoire
• Egypt
• Ancient
• History

Informations

• Publié par: The American University in Cairo Press
• Date de parution: 15 décembre 2010
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781617970719
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

POISONED LEGACY
POISONED LEGACY
The Decline and Fall of the Nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty
Aidan Dodson
First published in 2010 by The American University in Cairo Press 113 Sharia Kasr el Aini, Cairo, Egypt 420 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018 www.aucpress.com
Copyright 2010 Aidan Dodson
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Dar el Kutub No. 2369/10 ISBN 978 977 416 395 1
Dar el Kutub Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Dodson, Aidan
Poisoned Legacy: The Decline and Fall of the Nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty / Aidan Dodson.-Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2010
p. cm.
ISBN 978 977 416 395 1
1. Egypt-Antiquities I. Egypt-History-Nineteenth Dynasty, ca. 1320-1200 B.C. 932.014
1 2 3 4 5 6 15 14 13 12 11 10
Designed by iPLUS Knowledge Solutions Private Limited, Chennai-32, India. Printed in Egypt
To the memories of
William Joseph Murnane (1945-2000)
and
Francis Joseph Yurco (1944-2004)
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
Preface
Abbreviations and Conventions
Maps
Introduction: The Glory Years
1 The Reign of Merenptah
2 After Merenptah
3 The Reign of Amenmeses
4 Sethy II Restored
5 Siptah
6 The Reign of Tawosret
7 Downfall, Renaissance, and Decline
Appendices
1. Chronology of ancient Egypt
2. Correlation of the reigns from the end of the reign of Merenptah to the beginning of the reign of Rameses III
3. Royal names of the late Nineteenth Dynasty
4. Tentative genealogy of the late Nineteenth Dynasty
Notes
Bibliography
Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
All images are by the author except where otherwise stated.
Maps
1. The Nile Valley .
2. The Near East during the thirteenth century BC .
3. Thebes .
4. The temple enclosure of Amun-Re at Karnak .
Figures
1. Battle reliefs of Sethy I on the exterior of the north wall of the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak .
2. The king list in the temple of Sethy I at Abydos .
3. Battle scene at Beit el-Wali (cast in Hay Collection, Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan, BM) .
4. Presentation scene at Beit el-Wali (cast in Hay Collection, Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan, BM) .
5. The sons of Rameses II as shown in the procession of princes in the hypostyle hall of the Ramesseum .
6. The rock-cut temples at Abu Simbel .
7. Rameses II s Hittite wife, Maathorneferure, at Tanis (San el-Hagar) .
8. Statue (re)inscribed for Tuya, wife of Sethy I and mother of Rameses II (Vatican 22678) .
9. Pylon of the temple of Luxor .
10. Section of the tableau of the battle of Qadesh on the eastern tower of the pylon of the Luxor temple .
11. The Egyptian-Hittite treaty, as inscribed on the outer wall of the Cour de la Cachette at Karnak .
12. Merenptah, Isetneferet, and Sethy-Merenptah A on a stela at Gebel el-Silsila .
13. Crown Prince Sethy-Merenptah A, on a block from his father s battle reliefs at Karnak .
14. Khaemwaset D as depicted in his father s battle reliefs at Karnak .
15. The Cour de la Cachette at Karnak .
16. The Ashkelon Wall at Karnak .
17. Detail of Merenptah from the Ashkelon Wall .
18. The so-called Israel Stela (Cairo CG34025) .
19. Forecourt of the memorial temple of Merenptah .
20. Reconstructed plan of the memorial temple of Merenptah .
21. Fragmentary statuary from the memorial temple of Merenptah .
22. Upper part of a statue bearing the name of Merenptah (Cairo CG607) .
23. Shrines of Rameses II and Merenptah at Gebel el-Silsila .
24. Messuy before Merenptah on the Old Shellal Road at Aswan. De Morgan et al. 1894: 18[87] .
25. The fortress at Buhen. Martin Davies
26. Stela from Buhen, dedicated by Khaentjitry (exc. no. 1745). Smith 1976: II, pl. xli[3] .
27. Plans of the tombs of the kings of the late Nineteenth Dynasty and beginning of the Twentieth .
28. The entrance to the tomb of Merenptah (KV8) .
29. The mummy of Merenptah (Cairo CG61079). Smith 1912: pl. xlvi.
30. The pillared hall of KV15 .
31. The improvised burial chamber of KV15 .
32. The well room of KV15 .
33. Gilded statuettes of the kind depicted in KV15 as found in Tutankhamun s KV62 .
34. Detail of the first corridor of KV15 .
35. The temple at Amada. Martin Davies .
36. Detail of the pylon at Amada .
37. Statue of Amenmeses in the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak .
38. Statue of Sethy II from Karnak (Cairo CG1198) .
39. Erased princely figure of Merenptah on a statue of Rameses II at Luxor .
40. The right-hand wall of the left-hand (Mut) shrine, in the bark-shrine of Sethy II at Karnak .
41. Year 1 stela of Amenmeses from Buhen (exc. no. 1611). Adapted from Smith 1976: pl. xxx[1 ] .
42. Aerial view of the temple of Amun-Re at Karnak. Salima Ikram.
43. Remains of a statue of Amenmeses in front of the porch of Pylon II at Karnak .
44. Image of the King s Wife Baketwernel in KV10. Lepsius 1849-59: III, pl. 202[g].
45. Image of the King s Mother Takhat in KV10. Lepsius 1849-59: III, 202[f ] .
46. Stela 22 at Abu Simbel .
47. Usurped statue base of Amenmeses (Liverpool M13510). Sams 1839, ninth plate.
48. Kneeling quartzite statue in the Festival Hall at Karnak .
49. Standing figure of Amenmeses in the Hypostyle Hall at Karnak .
50. Head of the figure in the previous illustration (MMA 34.2.2) .
51. Fragmentary statue of Amenmeses in the porch of Pylon II at Karnak .
52. Kneeling statue of Amenmeses found north of the Sacred Lake at Karnak .
53. Seated quartzite statue currently bearing the names of Sethy II but almost certainly made for Amenmeses; from Karnak (BM EA26). Trustees of the British Museum.
54. Colossal quartzite statue usurped by Sethy II, from Karnak (Turin C1383) .
55. Colossus bearing the names of Sethy II, from Karnak (Louvre A24) .
56. Entrance to the Festival Hall at Karnak .
57. Reliefs of the Souls of Pe and Nekhen in Room XXXV in the Festival Hall at Karnak .
58. Location of the right-hand stela on the fa ade of the main part of the memorial temple of Sethy I at Qurna .
59. The left-hand stela on the fa ade of the main part of the memorial temple of Sethy I at Qurna .
60. South doorjamb at the South Temple at Buhen. Caminos 1974: I, pl. 15-6 .
61. Block from a shrine in the Deir el-Medina area, showing the Vizier Khaemtjitry (Chicago OI 10816) .
62. Oratory of Ptah and Mertseger, between Deir el-Medina and the Valley of the Queens .
63. The remains of the stela from Chapel E at the Oratory of Ptah and Mertseger .
64. Relief from Chapel G, at the Oratory of Ptah and Mertseger .
65. Detail of the Chapel G relief .
66. Limestone block with scene of Amun, Ahmes-Nefertiry and Amenhotep I receiving offerings (BMA L68.10.2.[48]) .
67. Fragment of stela of Amenmeses (Chiddingstone Castle, Kent, Denys Eyre Bower Collection) .
68. Fragment of relief showing Amun offering jubilees to Amenmeses (formerly Liverpool M13827). Courtesy of National Museums Liverpool (World Museum).
69. Detail of the eastern end of Pylon VIII at Karnak .
70. Erased relief of the goddess Maat from entrance of KV10. Lepsius 1849-59: III, pl. 202[e]
71. The bark-shrine of Sethy II at Karnak .
72. Erased figure of the chancellor Bay in the bark-shrine of Sethy II at Karnak .
73. Graffito of the Vizier Paraemheb in the Wadi Hammamat .
74. Hammamat graffito of Paraemheb as Overseer of Works .
75. The eastern end of Pylon VIII at Karnak .
76. Scene from the pair of bracelets found in KV56 (CM CG52577-8). Davis et al. 1908, pl. [9].
77. The quay at Karnak, with the surviving obelisk of Sethy II .
78. Upper part of a quartzite statue probably usurped by Sethy II from Amenmeses (BM EA26) .
79. The remains of the Ramesside pylon of the Thoth temple at Ashmunein .
80. The mummy anciently labelled as that of Sethy II (Cairo CG61081). Smith 1912: pl. lxvi.
81. Detail of rock-cut stela of Rameses-Siptah on the north terrace of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel .
82. Graffito on the Old Shellal Road at Aswan, showing the viceroy Sethy before Siptah and the chancellor Bay. De Morgan et al. 1894: 28[6].
83. Detail of a stela of Sipath and Bay in the rock temple at Gebel el-Silsila .
84. Relief on the rear of the podium in the mortuary temple of Montjuhotep II at Deir el-Bahari (head of king NMS A.1907.712.6). Photo Aidan Dodson/drawing Naville 1910: pl. x[K].
85. The mummy of Siptah (CM CG61080). Smith 1912: lxii[1 ].89
86. Mutilated statue, showing Siptah on the lap of an adult (Munich Gl.122) .
87. Detail of the right-hand stela in the Qurna temple of Sethy I .
88. Stela from the Kom el-Sultan at Abydos showing a divine bark that may commemorate Amenmeses (Cairo JE8774). Mariette 1880a: pl. 52 .
89. Image of Tawosret from the first corridor of KV14 .
90. Siptah and the goddess Isis in the first corridor of the tomb of Tawosret (KV14). Martin Davies.
91. Relief on doorjamb of the Great Temple at Abu Simbel, showing the names of Siptah being adored by Tawosret and Bay .
92. Doorjamb at the Amada temple showing Tawosret .
93. Doorjamb at the Amada temple showing Bay .
94. Map of the south-western corner