Seals and Society

Sue Johns, Elizabeth New, Mcewan John, Phillipp R. Schofield

Description

Seals and Society arises from a major project investigating seals and their use in medieval Wales, the Welsh March and neighbouring counties in England. The first major study of seals in the context of one part of medieval Western European society, the volume also offers a new perspective on the history of medieval Wales and its periphery by addressing a variety of themes in terms of the insight that seals can offer the historian. Though the present study suggests important regional distinctions in the take-up of seals in medieval Wales, it is also clear that seal usage increased from the later twelfth century and spread widely in Welsh society, especially in those parts of Wales neighbouring England or where there had been an early English incursion. Through a series of chapters, the authors examine the ways in which seals can shed light on the legal, administrative, social and economic history of the period in Wales and its border region. Seals provide unique insights into the choices individuals, men and women, made in representing themselves to the wider world, and this issue is examined closely. Supported by almost 100 images gathered by the project team, the volume is of great interest to those working on seals, their motifs, their use and developments in their usage over the high and later Middle Ages.

Introduction
Elizabeth A. New and Phillipp R. Schofield
Chapter 1: Seals in medieval Wales and its neighbouring counties: trends in motifs
John McEwan
Chapter 2. Seals: administration and law
Phillipp R. Schofield
Chapter 3. Seals and exchange
Phillipp R. Schofield
Chapter 4: Ecclesiastical Seals
Elizabeth A. New
Chapter 5: Seals and lordship
Susan M. Johns
Chapter 6: Seals, women and identity
Susan M. Johns
Chapter 7: Seals as expressions of identity
Elizabeth A. New
Conclusion
Elizabeth A. New and Phillipp R. Schofield
Appendix
Elizabeth A. New, John McEwan and Phillipp R. Schofield
Bibliography

Sujets

• Medieval
• Histoire
• History
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: University of Wales Press
• Date de parution: 15 juin 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781783168736
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 7 Mo

Extrait

SEALS AND SOCIETY

SEALS AND SOCIETY

© The Contributors, 2016

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff CF10 4UP.

www.uwp.co.uk

British Library CIP Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-1-78316-871-2 (hardback) 978-1-78316-875-0 (paperback) eISBN 978-1-7831-6873-6

The right of the Contributors to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Cover image: +SIGILLVM:ROGERI:STVRMI (Seal 97); NLW Penrice and Margam Estate Records, 1980.

CONTENTS

Acknowledgements List of figures List of maps and tables List of abbreviations Introduction Elizabeth A. New and Phillipp R. Schofield 1. Seals in Medieval Wales and its Neighbouring Counties: Trends in Motifs John A. McEwan 2. Seals: Administration and Law Phillipp R. Schofield 3. Seals and Exchange Phillipp R. Schofield 4. Ecclesiastical Seals Elizabeth A. New 5. Seals and Lordship Susan M. Johns 6. Seals, Women, Gender and Identity Susan M. Johns 7. Seals as Expressions of Identity Elizabeth A. New Conclusion Elizabeth A. New and Phillipp R. Schofield Appendix Elizabeth A. New, John A. McEwan and Phillipp R. Schofield Bibliography Notes

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

HIS VOLUME arises from a project funded by the Arts and Humanities Research T Council (AH/G010ûû4/1),edieval WalesSeals in M . The project team is extremely grateful for the support and advice of the advisory board to the project, Dr Susan Davies, Professor Paul Harvey, Professor Mark Ormrod and Mr Glyn Parry. The Revd Dr David Williams has also, from the outset, been most generous with his time, support and access to his own catalogues and materials. The team also acknowledges with gratitude the invaluable support provided by staff at the following archives and repositories: Bangor University Archives, The British Library, Cheshire Archives and Local Studies, Gwent Record Office, Gwynedd Archives, Hereford Cathedral Archive, Herefordshire Record Office, the National Archives, the National Library of Wales, the National Museum of Wales, and Shropshire Archives. Images presented in this volume are repro duced with the kind permission of Bangor University Archives (figures1.10,1.12,1.15,1.21,2.3,3.3,4.3,5.1,5.2,6.6,7.û, 7.13), The British Library (figures1.8,3.û,5.8,6.û,7.1,7.2,7.3,7.14), Cheshire Archives and Local Studies (figures3.11,7.10,7.11), Hereford Cathedral Archive (figures1.18,4.1, 4.2,4.5,7.5), Herefordshire Record Office (figures1.6,1.20), the National Library of Wales (figures1.1,1.3,1.4,1.7,1.11,1.13,1.14,1.16,1.17,1.1û,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.2,3.4,3.5,3.6, 3.7,3.8,3.12,3.13,3.14,4.4,4.6,4.7,4.8,5.3,5.4,5.5,5.6,5.7,6.1,6.2,6.5,6.8,6.10, 6.11,7.4,7.7,7.8,7.12,7.16) and Shropshire Archives (figures1.2,1.5,1.û,3.10,6.3,6.4, 6.7,7.6,7.15). The team is also most grateful to Mr Thomas Lloyd for helping secure permission to publish seal images from National Library of Wales, Bronwydd Estate Records (figures1.1ûand3.14). The publishing team at the University of Wales P ress, including Siân Chapman, Production and Editorial Manager, Dr Dafydd Jones, Editor of the Press, and Sarah Lewis, Head of Commissioning, have been unfai lingly helpful and supportive throughout the process. The publication of the volu me was also supported by a grant from Aberystwyth University.

The editors 27 April 2016

FIGURES

Fig. 1.1: NLW PITORD/1248 (Seal 2055), armoured man on horseback Fig. 1.2: SHA 972/1/1/428 (Seal 2436), bird Fig. 1.3: NLW PITORD/466 (Seal 1887), bust Fig. 1.4: NLW PITORD/413, s.1 (Seal 1850), Christogram Fig. 1.5: SHA 20/6/122 (Seal 2271), crossed hands Fig. 1.6: HAS F8/II/17 (Seal 706), hare on hound Fig. 1.7: NLW PITORD/12 (Seal 1581), hawk hunting Fig. 1.8: BL Harl. Ch. 75 B 6, s.2 rev. (Seal 41), lamb and staff Fig. 1.9: SHA 972/1/1/427 (Seal 2435), lion Fig. 1.10: BUAS PENR/311, s.1 (Seal 242), lion sleeping Fig. 1.11: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/342, s.5 (Seal 1374), merchant mark Fig. 1.12: BUAS PENR/220 (Seal 243), pelican in piety Fig. 1.13: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/2056, s.3 (Seal 1237), radial device Fig. 1.14: NLW PITORD/54 (Seal 1610), shield Fig. 1.15: BUAS PENR/407 (Seal 294), squirrel Fig. 1.16: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/119 (Seal, 1201), stag Fig. 1.17: NLW PITORD/1144 (Seal 1630), stag head Fig. 1.18: HCA Deed122 (Seal 764), stylised lily Fig. 1.19: NLW BRONWYDD/1031 (966), text Fig. 1.20: HAS D52/B/1/2, s.7 (Seal 697), two heads Fig. 1.21: BUAS MOST/1629/vii (Seal 144), woman and child Fig. 1.22: Motifs by period Fig. 2.1: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/54 (Seal 56), grant to Margam under lord’s seal Fig. 2.2: NLW PITORD/519 (Seal 1919), seals of the burgesses of Bridgnorth(?) Fig. 2.3: BUAS MOST/718 (Seal 106), tir prid deed Fig. 3.1: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/2798 (Seal 1550), Amibilia daughter of Walter the Miller to John Pervath of Kenfig and Alice his wife Fig. 3.2: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/183 (Seal 1266), Robert son of Robert Raul to Philip son of Robert Plamer Fig. 3.3: BUAS PENR/219 (Seal 242), sale of neif and his ‘brood’ Fig. 3.4: NLW WIGFAIR/627 (Seal 2205), seal of Gilbert Osemund, depicting peacocks with ‘tree of life’ Fig. 3.5: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/348, s.2 (Seal 1378), used by Henry Bassett Fig. 3.6: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/348, s.1 (Seal 1377), used by William Bassett Fig. 3.7: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/1978 (Seal 96), seal of Geoffrey Sturmi Fig. 3.8: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/1986 (Seal 1503), seal of Roger Sturmi, jnr Fig. 3.9: BL Harl. Ch. 75 D 6 (Seal 99), seal of William Sturmi Fig. 3.10: SHA 972/1/1/610, s.2 (Seal 2460), hare on hound Fig. 3.11: CALS DLL/4/47, s.1 (Seal 427), seal used by John de Hesketh Fig. 3.12: NLW PITORD/489 (Seal 1901), sleeping lion seal Fig. 3.13: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/1993 (Seal 1504), seal of Margery daughter of Roger Fig. 3.14: NLW BRONWYDD/1332 (Seal 1028), seal used by Gwalter ap Gourwared Vawr Fig. 4.1: HCA Deed 1084, s.1 (Seal 845), subsidiary(?) seal of Peter of Aigueblanche, Bishop of Hereford (1240–68) Fig. 4.2: HCA Deed 1084, s.2 (Seal 846), seal of Anselm, Preceptor General in England of the

Hospital of St Anthony of Vienne Fig. 4.3: BUAS PENR/12 (Seal 216), seal of Julian (Giuliano Della Rovere), Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina Fig. 4.4: NLW PITORD/236 (Seal 1667), seal of the Official of the Dean of Bridgnorth Fig. 4.5: HCA Deed 2003 (Seal 871), seal of the parson of Kinnersley Fig. 4.6: NLW PITORD/1057, s.2 (Seal 1983), seal of the Worcester Franciscans Fig. 4.7: NLW PITORD/605, s.1 (Seal 1950), convent of the Franciscan friars of Bridgenorth Fig. 4.8: NLW PITORD/605, s.2 (Seal 1951), seal of the Guardian of the Bridgnorth Franciscans Fig. 5.1: BUAS PENR/166 (Seal 215), front, seal of Henry V as Chamberlain of Wales Fig. 5.2: BUAS PENR/166 (Seal 215), back, seal of Henry V as Chamberlain of Wales Fig. 5.3: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/126, s.1 (Seal 1210), seal of Philip son of Kedic Fig. 5.4: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/126, s.2 (Seal 1211), seal of Madog son of Kedig Fig. 5.5: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/126, s.3 (Seal 1212), seal of Idenard son of Kedic Fig. 5.6: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/126, s.4 (Seal 1213), seal of Madog son of Meurig Fig. 5.7: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/72 (Seal 1174), seal of Ifor Fychan and his sons Fig. 5.8: BL Harl. Ch. 75 B 12 (Seal 45), seal of John de Bonville Fig. 6.1: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/2042, front (Seal 1195), seal of Isabella, Countess of Gloucester Fig. 6.2: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/2042, back (Seal 1194), seal of Isabella, Countess of Gloucester Fig. 6.3: SHA 972/1/1/432 (Seal 2438), seal of Isabella wife of Roger Fig. 6.4: SHA 322/2/14 (Seal 2318), seal of Emma wife of William Banastre Fig. 6.5: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/69 (Seal 1171), seal of Thatherech Fig. 6.6: BUAS PENR/311, s.2 (Seal 242), seal used by Gwenllian daughter of Gwerfil Fig. 6.7: SHA 322/2/117, s.2 (Seal 2353), seal of Ela la Botiliere Fig. 6.8: NLW PITORD/537, s.2 (Seal 1603), seal of Alice, wife of Edmund Pitchford Fig. 6.9: BL Add. Ch. 24275, s. 2 (Seal 16), seal of Gwenllian daughter of Philip Fig. 6.10: NLW PITORD/1356 (Seal 2106), seal used by Sibilla widow of William Waters Fig. 6.11: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/214 (Seal 1305), seal used by Iseuda la Welere Fig. 7.1: BL Harl. Ch. 75 C 44 (Seal 87), seal of Adam the Porter Fig. 7.2: BL Harl. Ch. 75 C 46 (Seal 88), seal of Grunu ap Philip Fig. 7.3: BL Harl. Ch. 75 B 36 (Seal 61), seal of Sibyl de Bonville Fig. 7.4: NLW PITORD/242, s.2 (Seal 1740), seal used by Maurice Gwyneth of Shrewsbury, chaplain Fig. 7.5: HCA Deed 23 (Seal 739), seal of William the Chaplain Fig. 7.6: SHA 972/1/1/442, s. 2 (Seal 2447), seal of Robert Scissor Fig. 7.7: NLW PITORD/373 (Seal 1817), seal of Richard Brun Fig. 7.8: NLW PITORD/333 (Seal 1795), seal of Edmund de Pitchford Fig. 7.9: BUAS MOST/3008 (Seal 186), seal of Ieuan son of Ifor Gough Fig. 7.10: CALS D3785/1/16 (Seal 321), high-quality ‘hare and hound’ seal Fig. 7.11: CALS D3785/1/15 pt.1 (Seal 319), lower quality ‘hare and hound’ seal Fig. 7.12: NLW PENRICE: GLAM/2013 (Seal 1513), seal of Richard Norries Fig. 7.13: BUAS PENR/25 (Seal 221), seal used by Johanna, late wife of Gwilym ap Gruffudd Fig. 7.14: BL Harl. Ch. 75 B 17 (Seal 46), seal of William de Boneville Fig. 7.15: SHA 20/7/43, s.2 (Seal 2307), seal depicting the martyrdom of St Edmund Fig. 7.16: NLW PITORD/10 (Seal 1579), seal used by John son of Robert the locksmith

MAPS AND TABLES

Map I.1: Location of seals by place of sealing and by extent of sealing recorded Table I.1: Medieval seal matrix finds by Welsh county Table 1.1: Total number of cases by period Table 1.2: Distribution of motifs by class, 1175 to 1524 Table 1.3: Definition of motifs Table 1.4: Percentage of cases in each temporal group

Acts BBCS Birch

BUAS MOST BUAS PENR BL Harl. Ch. BL Add. Ch. CALS DWN CALS DLL CALS D3785/1 CMCS GA D8/1 GA D2, GA D583 GACRO XD2 GACRO Vaynol/Glan Good Impressions Guide

HAS A95 HAS D52 HAS AA26/II HAS CF54 HAS F8/II HCA Margam NLW BACBYD NLW BRONWYDD NLW CHIRK

NLW MYNDE NLW PITORD NLW PENRICE: GLAM

ABBREVIATIONS

H. Pryce,The Acts of Welsh Rulers, 1120–1283(Cardiff, 2005) Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies W. de Gray Birch,Catalogue of Seals in the Department of Manuscripts in the British Museum, 6 vols (London, 1887–1900) Bangor University Archives, Mostyn Manuscripts Bangor University Archives, Penrhyn Castle British Library, Harley Charters British Library, Additional Charters Cheshire Archives and Local Studies, Wilbra ham of Nantwich Collection Cheshire Archives and Local Studies, Leigh of West Hall, High Legh Cheshire Archives and Local Studies, Professor G. Barraclough: Deeds and Research Papers (Bulkley and Bickerton Deeds) Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies Gwent Record Office, John Capel Hanbury (D8/ 1) Gwent Record Office, Llanarth Court MSS

Gwynedd Archives: Caernarfon Record Office, Newborough Archives Gwynedd Archives: Caernarfon Record Office, Vaynol Papers

N. Adams, J. Cherry and J. Robinson (eds),GoodImpressions: Image and Authority in Medieval Seals(London, 2007) P. D. A. Harvey and A. McGuiness,A Guide to British Medieval Seals (London, 1996) Herefordshire Record Office, Pateshall Famil y of Allensmore Herefordshire Record Office, Wellington Inhe ritance Brobury (Garnons) Herefordshire Record Office, Records of the Barton Colwall Estate Herefordshire Record Office, Pilley Collect ion: Manuscripts Herefordshire Record Office, Hill Court Hereford Cathedral Archives W. de Grey Birch,A History of Margam Abbey(London, 1897) Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of Wales, Bachymbyd Estate Deeds and Documents Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of Wales, Bronwydd Estate Records Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Li brary of Wales, Chirk Castle Estate Records Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of Wales, Mynde Park Deeds and Documents Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of Wales, Ottley (Pitchford Hall) Estate 1 Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / National Library of Wales, Penrice and Margam Estate Records