Sovereignty Matters

C.J. Swanepoel (UNISA) 4912 2002 Apr 24 15:43:19

Description

Sovereignty Matters investigates the multiple perspectives that exist within indigenous communities regarding the significance of sovereignty as a category of intellectual, political, and cultural work. Much scholarship to date has treated sovereignty in geographical and political matters solely in terms of relationships between indigenous groups and their colonial states or with a bias toward American contexts. This groundbreaking anthology of essays by indigenous peoples from the Americas and the Pacific offers multiple perspectives on the significance of sovereignty.

 

The noted Mohawk scholar Taiaiake Alfred provides a landmark essay on the philosophical foundations of sovereignty and the need for the decolonization of indigenous thinking about governance. Other essays explore the role of sovereignty in fueling cultural memory, theories of history and change, spiritual connections to the land, language revitalization, and repatriation efforts. These topics are examined in varied yet related contexts of indigenous struggles for self-determination, including those of the Chamorro of Guam, the Taíno of Puerto Rico, the Quechua of the Andes, the Mäori of New Zealand (Aotearoa), the Samoan Islanders, and the Kanaka Maoli and the Makah of the United States. Several essays also consider the politics of identity and identification.

 

Sovereignty Matters emphasizes the relatedness of indigenous peoples'' experiences of genocide, dispossession, and assimilation as well as the multiplicity of indigenous political and cultural agendas and perspectives regarding sovereignty.

Sujets

• Histoire
• USA
• Indigenous peoples
• History of the Americas
• Anthropology
• États-Unis
• History

Informations

• Publié par: Nebraska Paperback
• Date de parution: 01 janvier 2006
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780803251984
• Langue: English

Extrait

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s o v e r e i g n t y m a t t e r s

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c o n t e m p o r a ry i n d i g e n o u s i s s u e s

Series Editor Devon Abbott Mihesuah

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S O V E R E I G N T Y

M A T T E R S

Locations of Contestation and Possibility in Indigenous Struggles for Self-Determination

e d i t e d b y

Joanne Barker

University of Nebraska Press•Lincoln and London

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The following articles have been reproduced with permission of the author and publisher. The articles by Childs, Kauanui, and Perez were written originally for this volume but have since been published elsewhere.

Taiaiake Alfred, “Sovereignty.” InA Companion to American Indian History, ed. Philip J. Deloria and Neal Salisbury (New York: Blackwell Publishers, 2002).

John Brown Childs, “Crossroads: Toward a Transcommunal Black History Month.” InAnnales du Monde Anglophone: Écritures de l’Histoire Africaine Amèricaine, ed. Hélène Le Dantec-Lowry and Arlette Frund (Paris: Institut du Monde Anglophone de la Sorbonne Nouvelle and Éditions L’Harmattan, 2003).

J. Kehaulani Kauanui, “The Politics of Blood and Sovereignty inRice v. Cayetano.”Political and Legal Anthropology Review25, no. 1 (2002): 110 28.

Michael P. Perez, “Contested Sites: Pacific Resistance in Guam to U.S. Empire.”Amerasia Journal27, no. 1 (2001): 97–115.

© 2005 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sovereignty matters : locations of contestation and pos- sibility in indigenous struggles for self-determination / edited by Joanne Barker. p. cm.—(Contemporary indigenous issues) Chiefly papers presented at a conference entitled “Sovereignty 2000: Locations of Contestation and Possibility” held May 2000 at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn-13: 978-0-8032-6251-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) isbn-10: 0-8032-6251-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Indians—Politics and government. 2. Indians— Government relations. 3. Indigenous peoples—Pa- cific Area—Politics and government. 4. Indigenous peoples—Pacific Area—Government relations. 5. Self-determination, National. 6. Sovereignty. I. Barker, Joanne, 1962– . II. Series. e59.p73s68 2005 320.1'5'089–dc22 2005016499

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Acknowledgments

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For Whom Sovereignty Matters Joanne Barker(Lenape)

Sovereignty 33 Taiaiake Alfred(Mohawk)

Contents

1

Backgrounding Maori Views on Genetic Engineering Fiona Cram(Maori)

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First Peoples/African American Connections 67 Guillermo Delgado-P.(Quechua) and John Brown Childs(Massachuset/Brothertown-Oneida/Madagascan)

The Politics of Hawaiian Blood and Sovereignty inRice v. Cayetano J.Ke¯haulaniKauanui(Native Hawaiian)

The Passive Resistance of Samoans to U.S. and Other Colonialisms Dan Taulapapa McMullin(Samoan)

Tribal Cultural Self-Determination and the Makah Whaling Culture Robert J. Miller(Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma)

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109

A Spiritual Definition of Sovereignty from a Kanaka Maoli Perspective Kilipaka Kawaihonu Nahili Pae Ontai(Native Hawaiian)

Chamorro Resistance and Prospects for Sovereignty in Guam Michael P. Perez(Chamorro)

Asserting Indigenous Theories of Change Leonie Pihama(Maori)

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169

123

Indigenous Identity and the Struggle for Independence in Puerto Rico Déborah Berman Santana(Puerto Rican/Boricua)

Contributors

Index

229

225

153

211

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Acknowledgments

In many ways this anthology would not have come together if not for Alfreda Mitre (Southern Paiute). In May of 2000, she and I co-organized a confer- ence at the University of California, Santa Cruz (ucsc) called “Sovereignty 2000: Locations of Contestation and Possibility.” Working with the support of the staff of the Cultural Studies Institute and the students, faculty, and staff of the Native American Studies Research Cluster, we assembled a program that would include a culturally and politically diverse range of indigenous scholars, leaders, activists, and cultural producers. As former chair of the Las Vegas Paiute, Alfreda is respected among California Indian tribes, and this allowed us to secure their participation and sponsorship from the beginning. Their support, in turn, welcomed many other participants and attendees from around the world. The two-day program included longer sessions with keynote speakers, to allow for dialogue, with a second day of breakout panels. The speakers we secured included Dore Beitz (Northern/Southern MeWuk), founder and di- rector of the California Indian Lands Office, who was scheduled to speak about California Indian land rights issues but was unable to attend; Jack D. Forbes (Powhatan, Lenape), professor emeritus of Native American studies (nas) at the University of California, Davis (ucd), who addressed the is- sue of sovereignty in the education system; Debra Harry (Northern Paiute), executive director of the Indigenous People’s Council on Biocolonialism, who discussed the politics of the Human Genome Diversity Project; Inés Hernández-Aacutevila (Chicana/Nez Perce), professor ofnasatucd, who examined language recovery projects in Mexico; Mark Macarro (Pechanga), tribal chairman of the Pechanga Band of Luiseño (Temecula, California), who reviewed California Indian gaming politics; Glenn T. Morris (Shawnee), as- sociate professor of political science at the University of Colorado, Denver, who analyzed the discourse of colonialism in U.S. federal law; Anthony R. Pico (Kumeyaay), tribal chairman of the Viejas Band of the Kumeyaay Nation, who talked about the relationship between gaming and sovereignty; Mililani B. Trask (Native Hawaiian), then trustee-at-large for the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, who was scheduled to speak about international law but was unable to attend; Hulleah J. Tsinhnahjinnie (Seminole, Muskogee, Dine), photog- rapher and writer, who analyzed the politics of representation; and Stefano

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a c k n o w l e d g m e n t s

Varese, professor ofnasatucd, who talked about local strategies for self- determination. Additionally, Pico organized the closing panel with Rick Hill (Oneida), then chair of the National Indian Gaming Association, and Ivan Makil, president of the Salt River Pima Maricopa, to participate. Clarence Atwell, tribal chair of the Santa Rosa Rancheria Tachi Yokut, gave the opening blessing. Once we secured the keynote speakers, we put out a call for papers. Panel participants included Leonie Pihama, Fiona Cram, and Donna Gar- diner (all Maori), who addressed their cultural views on biodiversity; Robert J. Miller (Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma) and David Harrison (Athabas- can, Chickaloon Village, Alaska), who spoke to the politics of cultural self- determination in whaling and fishing rights; Linda Rose Locklear (Lumbee) and Kathryn S. Clenney (Blackfoot), who discussed online strategies for representing sovereignty struggles; Monique Sonoquie (Chumash, Apache, Zapotec), who screened and discussed her documentary,The Sovereignty Tour 1997; Déborah Berman Santana (Puerto Rican/Boricua) and Michael Perez (Chamorro), who spoke about struggles in Puerto Rico and Guam; J. Kehaulani Kauanui (Native Hawaiian) and myself, who addressed the racialization of indigenous citizenship in federal law and tribal membership criteria; Brian Blancke and Bianca Wulff, who spoke about strategies for conflict resolu- tion in land rights struggles; John Brown Childs (Massachuset/Brothertown- Oneida/Madagascan) and Guillermo Delgado-P. (Quechua), who addressed pedagogical issues; Mereana Taki (Ngaiterangi/Te Arawa, Maori), Helen Pot- ter (Maniapoto, Maori), and Glenis Philip-Barbara (Ngati Porou, Maori), who examined Maori theories of self-determination; and Dan Taulapapa McMullin (Samoan), who discussed U.S. colonization of Samoa and read from his play, The Shark in the Woods. The diverse geography of nations, debates, and cultural and political per- spectives represented by the speakers and participants was never intended to be exhaustive (a colonial strategy that promises objective comprehension over subjects that can be mastered). Other geographies and conversations exist. The conference was one instance of the ongoing political and cultural alliances and conversations about what sovereignty means as a category of scholarship, activism, and cultural production among indigenous peoples in the Americas and the Pacific. It marked the existence of a particular set of debates and struggles and served as a forum for indigenous scholars, leaders, activists, and cultural producers to think with one another about concrete strategies for solidarity and change. After the conference, participants were invited to contribute their essays

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Acknowledgments

to the anthology. We also invited additional contributors whose work has addressed sovereignty; Taiaiake Alfred (Mohawk) and Kilipaka Kawaihonu Nahili Pae Ontai (Native Hawaiian) responded with their important essays. The review and publishing process is a long one and unfortunately we lost some individual essays along the way to the demands of work and life. I detail the conference program to acknowledge the importance of those individuals to the discussions that took place there and that impacted the final configuration of the work here. Special thanks to Karen Anton, graduate student in ethnic studies at San Francisco State University, for assistance with the index. To all our relations, and the future we create in our writing, this work is dedicated.

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