The Arab-Israeli Conflict Transformed

Shmuel Sandler, Hemda Ben-Yehuda

Description

The Middle East conflict, be it between the state of Israel and Arab states or between Jews and Palestinians, is a staple of international news. Utilizing both theoretical approaches and empirical evidence, Hemda Ben-Yehuda and Shmuel Sandler argue that despite the recent upswing in violence, particularly over the Palestinian issue, conflict has gradually been giving way, since the 1970s, to a more orderly regime of conflict management. By integrating ethnonational theoretical literature into their analysis, the authors move beyond the current International Relations debate over the relative merits of realist/neo-realist approaches versus neo-liberal-institutional approaches. Ethnic-state disputes are the primary source for failing to terminate the Arab-Israeli conflict.
List of Tables
Preface
Acronyms

1. Theoretical Approaches to Conflict and Order in International Politics

2. Context, Crisis Magnitude, and Change

3. Process, Outcomes, Overall Crisis Magnitude, and Change

4. Crisis Magnitude and Conflict Transformation

5. Ethnic Crises in a Compound Conflict

6. New Dimensions in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: From the Intifada 1987 to Intifada 2000

7. Understanding Transformation in the Arba-Israeli Conflict

Glossary of Crises in the Arab-Israeli Conflict
Notes
Bibliography
Index

Sujets

• Israel
• History of the Middle East
• International relations
• Middle East

Informations

• Publié par: State University of New York Press
• Date de parution: 01 février 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780791489192
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

T HE A RAB I SRAELI C ONFLICT T RANSFORMED

SUNY SERIES IN G LOBAL P OLITICS

James N. Rosenau editor

T HE A RAB I SRAELI C ONFLICT T RANSFORMED

Fifty Years of Interstate and Ethnic Crises

H EMDA B EN Y EHUDA and S HMUEL S ANDLER

S T A T E U O FN I V E R S I T Y N E W Y O R K P R E S S

S T A T E

Published by

U N I V E R S I T Y O F N E W Y O R K P R E S S , A L B A N Y

© 2002 State University of New York

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

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For information, address State University of New York Press, 90 State Street, Suite 700, Albany, NY 12207

Production, Laurie Searl Marketing, Patrick Durocher

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data BenYehuda, Hemda, 1954, The ArabIsraeli conflict transformed : fifty years of interstate and ethnic crises / Hemda BenYehuda and Shmuel Sandler. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 079145245X (alk. paper) —ISBN 0791452468 (pb : alk. paper) 1. ArabIsraeli conflict. 2. Ethnic conflict—Israel. 3. Israel—Ethnic relations. 4. Jews—Israel—Identity. 5. Palestinian Arabs—Ethnic identity. I. Sandler, Shmuel. II. Title.

DS119.6 .B465 2002 956d—c21

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In loving memory of my parents Dora and Ehud BenYehuda, and their devotion to the realization of Eliezer BenYehuda’s dream: The national revival of the Jewish people, in their homeland, speaking their native tongue. Hemda BenYehuda And to Sara Lainer, a special lady who also believed in the Jewish people and their language.

Shmuel Sandler

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List of Tables Preface Acronyms

C ONTENTS

1 T HEORETICAL A PPROACHES TO C ONFLICT AND O RDER IN I NTERNATIONAL P OLITICS 2 C ONTEXT , C RISIS M AGNITUDE , AND C HANGE 3 P ROCESS , O UTCOMES , O VERALL C RISIS M AGNITUDE , AND C HANGE 4 C RISIS M AGNITUDE AND C ONFLICT T RANSFORMATION 5 E THNIC C RISES IN A C OMPOUND C ONFLICT 6 N EW D THEIMENSIONS IN A RAB I SRAELI C ONFLICT : FROM THE I NTIFADA 1987 TO I NTIFADA 2000 7 U NDERSTANDING T THERANSFORMATION IN A RAB I SRAELI C ONFLICT

Glossary of Crises in the ArabIsraeli Conflict Notes Bibliography Index

viii ix xi

1 27

59 85 117

141

167

181 197 233 281

Table 1.1 Table 2.1 Table 3.1

Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Table 4.4

Table 4.5 Table 4.6 Table 4.7 Table 4.8 Table 4.9 Table 4.10

Table 4.11

Table 4.12 Table 4.13 Table 5.1 Table 5.2 Table 5.3 Table 5.4

L IST OF T ABLES

The CMI—Realms, Indicators,Values and Postulates Context Attributes of Crises in the ArabIsraeli Conflict Process and Outcome Attributes of Crises in the ArabIsraeli Conflict Gravity of ArabIsraeli Crises, 1947–2000 Actors in ArabIsraeli Crises, 1947–2000 Superpower Involvement in ArabIsraeli Crises, 1947–2000 Crisis Management Technique in ArabIsraeli Crises, 1947–2000 Violence in ArabIsraeli Crises, 1947–2000 Outcomes in ArabIsraeli Crises, 1947–2000 CMI Scores of Crises in the ArabIsraeli Conflict 1947–2000 The 1948 War: Opposing Field Forces Conditions for Change in the ArabIsraeli Conflict Israel and Egypt:The Distribution of Military Power at the End of 1955 The 1956 War: Distribution of Israeli and Egyptian Forces along the Sinai Front The June 1967 War:The ArabIsraeli Military Balance The October 1973 War:The ArabIsraeli Military Balance EthnicState Crises in the ArabIsraeli Conflict: 1947–1973 Interstate Crises in the ArabIsraeli Conflict: 1947–1973 EthnicState Crises in the ArabIsraeli Conflict: 1974–2000 Interstate Crises in the ArabIsraeli Conflict: 1974–2000

viii

15 31

60 87 89 90

91 92 93 96 100 102

104

105 107 111 127 128 135 136

P REFACE

As we write this in the winter of 2001, the Middle East is again suffering through a dangerous state of continued strife. It is our contention, however, that despite serious and sustained violent outbursts, the overall nature of the Arab Israeli relationship has been changing over the last two decades.This study uses a theoretical framework and empirical evidence to support the perhaps surpris ing argument that the ArabIsraeli conflict has been winding down and chang ing from a predominantly interstate dispute into a PalestinianIsraeli ethnic state struggle. Our theoretical analysis considers and then goes beyond the current debate within the International Relations (IR) field over the relative merits of the realist/neorealist versus the neoliberalinstitutional approaches in explaining international order. In addition, we integrate the ethonational theo retical literature into our frame of analysis. It is very difficult for two Israelis to write an objective book on the Middle East. Hence, we searched for what we believe is an unbiased source—the world wide dataset drawn from Michael Brecher and Jonathan Wilkenfeld’s International Crisis Behavior (ICB) project. Our contribution in identifying and explaining change in the ArabIsraeli conflict is the index of crisis magni tude (CMI), which measures the extent of change in crisis attributes.The CMI’s three realms (context, process, and outcome) and its six indicators (gravity of threat; number of actors; superpower role; crisis management techniques; scope of violence; and termination) serve as our basis for illuminating change in cri sis evolution and conflict dynamics, for a period of over fifty years. Another theoretical contribution is the set of conditions that we suggest affect moderation in a protracted conflict.These conditions induce change from an anarchical system to one in which a security regime promotes order.We test these conditions along critical turning points in the evolution of the Arab Israeli conflict. Subsequently, we analyze changes in the ethnicstate domain, the latter being the primary source for the continuing nontermination of the con

flict. The book is thematically divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 presents the theoretical framework for all further analysis. Chapters 2–4 focus on the interstate dimension, while chapters 5 and 6 analyze the ethnicstate and

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