Accident and Emergency Radiology: A Survival Guide

Gerald De Lacey, Simon Morley, Laurence Berman, Nigel Raby

Description

Since it was first published, Accident and Emergency Radiology: A Survival Guide has become the classic reference and an indispensable aid to all those who work in the Emergency Department. The core and substantial value lies in the step-by-step analytical approaches which help you to answer this question: "These images look normal to me, but . . . how can I be sure that I am not missing a subtle but important abnormality?"

• Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
• Ensure accuracy in reading and interpretation of any given image. Common sources of error and diagnostic difficulty are highlighted.
• Prevent mistakes. Pitfalls and associated abnormalities are emphasized throughout.
• Avoid misdiagnoses. Normal anatomy is outlined alongside schemes for detecting variants of the norm. Each chapter concludes with a summary of key points. Will provide a useful overview of the most important features in diagnosis and interpretation.
• Easily grasp difficult anatomical concepts. Radiographs accompanied by clear, explanatory line-drawings.

• Spend less time searching with an improved layout and design with succinct, easy-to-follow text. A templated chapter approach helps you access key information quickly. Each chapter includes key points summary, basic radiographs, normal anatomy, guidance on analyzing the radiographs, common injuries, rare but important injuries, pitfalls, regularly overlooked injuries, examples, and references.
• Grasp the nuances of key diagnostic details. Updated and expanded information, new radiographs, and new explanatory line drawings reinforce the book’s aim of providing clear, practical advice in diagnosis.
• Avoid pitfalls in the detection of abnormalities that are most commonly overlooked or misinterpreted.
• Access the complete contents and illustrations online at Expert Consult—fully searchable!

Sujets

• Médecine
• Médecine d'urgence
• Nuclear Medicine
• Radiotherapy
• Medical
• Radiology

Informations

• Publié par: Saunders Ltd.
• Date de parution: 23 avril 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780702050312
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Accident & Emergency Radiology
A Survival Guide
Third Edition
Nigel Raby, MB ChB, MRCP, FRCR
Consultant Radiologist, Western Infi rmary, Glasgow
Laurence Berman, MB BS, FRCP, FRCR
Lecturer and Honorary Consultant Radiologist, University of Cambridge and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
Simon Morley, MA, BM BCh, MRCP, FRCR
Consultant Radiologist, University College Hospitals, London
Gerald de Lacey, MA, MB BChir, FRCR
Consultant to Radiology Red Dot Courses, London, (www.radiology-courses.com)

Edinburgh • London • New York • Oxford • Philadelphia • St Louis • Sydney • Toronto 2015
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 Key principles
Basic radiology
Describing injuries
References
2 Particular paediatric points
Bones in children are different-
Fracture sites,
Sports injuries-
Chest emergencies-
Child abuse: skeletal injuries-
References
3 Paediatric skull-suspected NAI
Normal anatomy
Analysis: suture recognition
References
4 Adult skull
Anatomy
Analysis: false positive diagnoses
Analysis: recognising a fracture
A frequent pitfall
References
5 Face
Normal anatomy: midface & orbit
Normal anatomy: mandible
Analysis: the checklists
The common injuries
Pitfalls
References
6 Shoulder
Standard radiographs
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists
The common fractures-
The common dislocations,,
Uncommon but important injuries
Pitfalls
References
7 Paediatric elbow
Anatomy
Analysis: four questions to answer
The common injuries
Rare but important injuries
Pitfalls
References
8 Adult elbow
Normal Anatomy
Analysis: three questions to answer
The common injuries
A rare but important injury
Pitfalls
References
9 Wrist & distal forearm
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists
The common fractures
Subluxations and dislocations
Rare but important injuries
Normal variants that can mislead
References
10 Hand & fingers
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklist
The common injuries
Uncommon but important injuries
Pitfalls
References
11 Cervical spine
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists
The common injuries
Pitfalls
References
12 Thoracic & lumbar spine
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists
The common injury
Less frequent but important injuries
Pitfalls
References
13 Pelvis
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklist
Common fractures, high energy
Common fractures, low energy
Sports injuries: specific avulsions-
Pitfalls
References
14 Hip & proximal femur
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists
The common injuries
Uncommon but important injuries
Pitfall
References
15 Knee
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists
The common fractures
Small fragments around the knee
A common dislocation
Infrequent but important injuries
Pitfalls
References
16 Ankle & hindfoot
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists,,
Common fractures/torn ligaments
Ligamentous injuries
Infrequent but important injuries
Pitfalls
References
17 Midfoot & forefoot
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists
The common fractures
Infrequent but important fractures
Dislocations/subluxations
Pitfalls
References
18 Chest
Normal anatomy
Analysis: the checklists
Ten clinical problems
References
19 Abdominal pain & abdominal trauma
The AXR-its usefulness
Analysis: plain film checklists
The common problems-
Infrequent but important problems
References
20 Penetrating foreign bodies
Appearances on plain radiographs
Suspected foreign bodies
References
21 Swallowed foreign bodies
The most common foreign bodies
Infrequent but important FBs
References
22 Test yourself
Test Yourself-answers
23 Glossary
Index
Copyright
SAUNDERS an imprint of Elsevier Limited
2015, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.
First edition 1995 WB Saunders Ltd
Second edition 2005 Elsevier Ltd
Third edition 2015
The right of Nigel Raby, Laurence Berman, Simon Morley and Gerald de Lacey to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions .
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
ISBN: 978-0-7020-4232-4
e-book ISBN: 978-0-7020-5031-2
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Preface
This is not a book of orthopaedic radiology. It is a book designed solely to assist with the accurate assessment of the plain radiographs obtained in the Emergency Department. Since the second edition was published in 2005 we have listened to the feedback from our numerous teaching courses and to those working in our Emergency Departments. Also, we recognise the plain film needs of present day radiologists in training. As a consequence we have placed a renewed emphasis on illustrating normal skeletal anatomy by utilising skilful and clarifying artworks. We have separated the common everyday injuries from those that occur much less frequently. First and foremost, we have adhered to our primary objective which is to assist all those who read Emergency Department radiographs and who ask the question at first glance these images look normal to me-but how should I check them out in a logical and systematic manner?
The previous edition of the Survival Guide has proven to be helpful to Emergency Department doctors, Emergency Nurse Practitioners, Radiologists in training, Reporting Radiographers, and to General Practitioners working on their own in remote locations. We hope that this edition, with its improvements in content, in anatomical detail, in design and in layout, will once again assist all those who read, report, and depend upon accurate plain film interpretation in the Emergency Department.
Nigel Raby, Laurence Berman, Simon Morley, Gerald de Lacey
January 2014
Acknowledgements
We owe a prodigious amount of thanks to key individuals without whom this third edition would not have been completed. Claire Wanless created the new design and her editorial guidance has been masterly and absolutely invaluable. Philip Wilson produced the exquisite drawings that are a key part of each and every chapter. Jeremy Weldon, Consultant radiographer at Northwick Park Hospital helped us with the illustrative cases and he carried out the laboratory work on penetrating and swallowed foreign bodies. Dr Denis Remedios, Consultant radiologist at Northwick Park Hospital provided many original suggestions. Michael Houston, senior commissioning editor at Elsevier Ltd, prompted us to produce this third edition and facilitated and assisted us in our endeavours.
Our thanks are also due to a large and anonymous group, comprising doctors, radiographers, and radiologists in training who have attended our courses ( www.radiology-courses.com and www.xraysurvivalguide.org ), and through their constructive feedback have stimulated us to enhance numerous aspects, both large and small, in every chapter.

That is the essence of science:
ask an impertinent question and you are on the way to a pertinent answer.
J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man, 1973.
1
Key principles

Basic radiology
The radiographic image 2
Fracture lines: usually black, but sometimes white 3
Fat pads and fluid levels 3
The principle of two views 4
Important information: patient position 5
Assessing the radiographs: discipline is essential 5
Describing injuries
Fractures of the long bones 6
Dislocations 9

Introduction
Patients with traumatic injuries can be placed into one of three major groups. The imaging approach will differ between these groups.

Polytrauma (in which one injury may be life threatening)

Imaging:
Strict local protocols and algorithms utilising early ultrasound (US) and/or multidetector computed tomography (CT).