Accident & Emergency

Brian Dolan

Description

Accident & Emergency: Theory into Practice is the comprehensive textbook for emergency nurses, covering the full range of emergency care issues, including trauma management and trauma care, the lifespan, psychological issues, physiology for practice, practice and professional issues. This book is about more than what a nurse should do; it is about why it should be done, leading to sustainable and safer practice.

The third edition of this ever-popular text expands its horizons to include contributions from emergency care professionals in New Zealand, Australia and the Republic of Ireland, as well as the United Kingdom.

• Applied anatomy and physiology and how it changes in injury and ill health
• Treatment and management of a wide range of emergency conditions
• Includes emergency care across the life continuum, trauma management, psychological dimensions and practice and professional issues.

• ‘Transportation of the critically ill patient’ chapter outlines the nursing and operational considerations related to transportation of the acutely ill person.
• ‘Creating patient flow’ chapter overviews the concepts behind patient flow across the wider health system and introduces the key concept of staff and patient time. It explores some of the techniques used in manufacturing and service industries and its application to health system, illustrating how to reduce the waste of patient and staff time.
• ‘Managing issues of culture and power in ED’ chapter demonstrates that cultural awareness is about much more than recognising the different religious needs of patients and their families; it’s also about recognising culture, diversity, stereotyping and expressions of power.
• Updated to reflect the latest practice and guidelines in this fast-changing field of practice.

Sujets

• Medical
• Médecine
• Nursing
• Emergency

Informations

• Publié par: Bailliere Tindall
• Date de parution: 23 mai 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9780702046766
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

Accident & Emergency
Theory into Practice
Third Edition

Brian Dolan, BSc(Hons), MSc(Oxon), MSc(Nurs), RMN, RGN, CHSM
Director of Service Improvement, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
Director, Dolan & Holt Consultancy Ltd., UK
Formerly Vice Chair, Royal College of Nursing Emergency Care Association, UK

Lynda Holt, MA, DipHS RGN, EN(G), FInstLM
Managing Director, Health Service 360
Founder, Lynda Holt Academy, UK
Formerly Chair, Royal College of Nursing Emergency Care Association, UK
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Series Page
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Part 1: Trauma management
Chapter 1: Pre-hospital care
Introduction
Major incidents
Inter-hospital transfer
Emergency care practitioner
Conclusion
Chapter 2: Trauma life support
Introduction
Preparation
Primary survey
Secondary survey
Trauma in children
Trauma in the older person
Definitive care
Psychological aspects
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Major incidents
Introduction
Definition
Planning
Training
Major incident alerting procedures
The hospital’s response to a major incident alert
Medico-legal issues
Aftermath
Conclusion
Chapter 4: Transportation of the acutely ill patient
Introduction
Types of transportation
Modes of transportation
Special considerations
Conclusion
Part 2: Trauma care
Chapter 5: Head injuries
Introduction
Anatomy and physiology
Physiology of raised intracranial pressure
Classification of head injuries
Management
Admission to hospital
Management of minor traumatic head injury
Management of severe traumatic head injury
Brain stem death testing
Conclusion
Chapter 6: Skeletal injuries
Introduction
Anatomy and physiology
Pelvic injury
Hip injury
Limb injury
Femoral fractures
Lower leg injury
Foot fractures
Shoulder injury
Upper arm injury
Elbow injury
Forearm injury
Wrist injury
Hand injury
Soft tissue injury
Conclusion
Chapter 7: Spinal injuries
Introduction
Anatomy and physiology
Pathophysiology
Patient assessment
Cervical spine fractures
Thoracolumbar spine fractures
Spinal cord injury
Neurogenic shock
Spinal shock
Conclusion
Chapter 8: Thoracic injuries
Introduction
Mechanisms of injury
Anatomy of the chest
The physiology of respiration
Principles of care
Immediately life-threatening chest injuries
Serious chest injuries
Sternum, rib and scapular injuries
Analgesia
Conclusion
Chapter 9: Abdominal injuries
Introduction
Anatomy and pathophysiology
Assessment of abdominal trauma
Primary survey
Secondary survey
Special diagnostic studies
Specific intra-abdominal injuries
Abdominal injuries in children
Conclusion
Chapter 10: Maxillofacial injuries
Introduction
Anatomy and physiology
Mechanism of injury
Airway assessment and management
Le Fort fractures
Mandibular fractures
Orbit floor fractures (blow-out fracture)
Frontal sinus fractures
Nasal fractures
Temporomandibular joint (jaw) dislocation
Facial wounds
Conclusion
Chapter 11: Burns
Introduction
Assessment
Specific burn injuries
Burn wound care
Conclusion
Part 3: Psychological dimensions
Chapter 12: Aggression
Introduction
Assessing the problem
Identifying and recording the incidence of violence and aggression in the ED
Managing aggression in the ED
Managing the violent individual
Follow-up care after an aggressive violent incident
Conclusion
Chapter 13: Stress and stress management
Introduction
Stress theory
Coping
Stress and distress
Signs and symptoms of stress
Stressors in ED nursing
Implications of stress
Burnout
Stress management
Approaches to support and care
Conclusion
Chapter 14: Care of the bereaved
Introduction
Background
Preparing for receiving the patient and relatives
Witnessed resuscitation
Breaking bad news
Viewing the body
Organ donation
Legal and ethical issues
Sudden infant death syndrome
Staff support
Conclusion
Chapter 15: Mental health emergencies
Introduction
Aetiology of mental illness
Assessment of mental health clients
Acute organic reactions
Acute psychotic episode
Anxiety states
Alcohol-related emergencies
Munchausen’s syndrome and Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy
Suicide and deliberate self-harm
Individuals at odds with society (sociopathy)
Violent clients
Learning disability clients and mental health problems
Elderly clients presenting to the ED with mental health problems
Child and adolescent psychiatry
Clients attending the ED with eating disorders
Social problems
Acute stress reaction
Iatrogenic drug-induced psychosis
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Conclusion
Part 4: Life continuum
Chapter 16: Infants
Introduction
Development of the normal infant
Assessment
Advanced paediatric life support
Causes of respiratory difficulty
Apparent life-threatening events
Cardiac emergencies
The febrile infant
Febrile convulsions
Bacterial meningitis and septicaemia
Dehydration in infants
The vomiting infant
Failure to thrive
The injured infant
Head and neck injuries
Child protection
Infant death
Conclusion
Chapter 17: The pre-school child
Introduction
Normal development
The child under stress
Parental anxiety
Communicating with the child and family
Understanding illness
Asthma
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (viral croup)
Epiglottitis
Accidental injury
Trampoline injuries
Accidental poisoning
Paracetamol/acetophinomen overdose
Safeguarding children
Sexual abuse
Fabricated illness
Conclusion
Chapter 18: Age 5 to puberty
Introduction
Child development
Environment and family-centred care
Pain assessment and management
Musculoskeletal injuries
Fractures
Limping child
Abdominal pain
Consent
Health promotion
Conclusion
Chapter 19: Adolescence
Introduction
Adolescent development
Caring for the adolescent in the ED
Personal fable
Risk-taking behaviour
Substance misuse
Overdose
Conclusion
Chapter 20: Young adults
Introduction
Sports injuries
Road traffic accidents
Alcohol-related attendances
Genitourinary trauma and infections
Psychological illnesses in young adults
Conclusion
Chapter 21: Middle years
Introduction
Chest pain
Abdominal pain
Obesity
Epigastric pain
Joint injury
Depression and life-changing events
Homelessness
Conclusion
Chapter 22: Older people
Introduction
Background
Physiology of ageing
Assessment
Elder abuse
Polypharmacy
Hypothermia
Delirium
Stroke
Falls
Conclusion
Part 5: Physiology for ED practice
Chapter 23: Physiology for ED practice
Introduction
Homeostasis
Temperature control
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Oxygen and carbon dioxide homeostasis
Variations at altitude and depth
Blood glucose homeostasis
Blood pressure homeostasis – a more complex mechanism
Haemostasis – an example of positive feedback with a cut-off mechanism
Shock – where homeostasis fails and uncontrolled positive feedback ensues
Conclusion
Chapter 24: Wound care
Introduction
Anatomy of the skin
Wound healing
Wound assessment
Wound pain
Wound cleansing
Local anaesthesia
Wound closure
Wound infection
Wounds that require special consideration
Tetanus prophylaxis
Wound care and nursing documentation
Discharging patients
Conclusion
Chapter 25: Pain and pain management
Introduction
Feeling pain – transmission anatomy and physiology
Pain theories
Effects of pain
Assessing pain
Pharmacological pain management
Non-pharmacological pain management
Conclusion
Chapter 26: Local and regional anaesthesia
Introduction
Conduction of the nociceptive pain signal
Pharmacology of local anaesthetics
Classification of local anaesthetics
Uses of local anaesthetics
Benefits of local anaesthetics
Disadvantages and limitations of local anaesthesia
Nursing implications of procedures involving local anaesthetics
Conclusion
Part 6: Emergency care
Chapter 27: Cardiac emergencies
Introduction
Related anatomy and physiology
The cardiac cycle
Assessment
Basic ECG interpretation
Cardiac arr