Allergy and the Nervous System

Description

In recent decades, it has become increasingly clear that the immune and nervous systems communicate with each other in a bidirectional way. The role of chronic stress in allergic disease and inflammation has been confirmed and raises the important question of how psychosocial factors influence the outcome of allergic conditions.This book explains the roles of the autonomic, peripheral and central nervous systems in allergy and asthma. With contributions from leading authorities - both clinicians and basic researchers - it covers a wide range of topics from psychology over epigenetics to brain imaging. The 15 invited reviews discuss topics such as the role of stress in allergy and asthma, the concept of programming in utero and in childhood and adulthood, the significance of neurotrophins, and the involvement of the nervous system in the lung in asthma and lung inflammation. The interactions between mast cells and the nervous system are examined as well as the role of the gut microbiome in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the stress response. Further chapters are devoted to neural and behavioral changes associated with food allergy, the role of the neuroendocrine system in the skin, and the way in which itch is processed by the brain.Unique in its field, this valuable volume is recommended reading not only for allergologists, psychologists specializing in allergy and somatic manifestations, respirologists and asthma researchers, but for anyone interested in psychoneuroimmunology.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 22 juin 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783805599856
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Allergy and the Nervous System
Chemical Immunology and Allergy
Vol. 98
Series Editors
Johannes Ring  Munich
Kurt Blaser  Davos
Monique Capron  Lille
Judah A. Denburg  Hamilton
Stephen T. Holgate  Southampton
Gianni Marone  Naples
Hirohisa Saito  Tokyo
 
Allergy and the Nervous System
Volume Editors
John Bienenstock  Hamilton, Ont.
51 figures, and 4 tables, 2012
Chemical Immunology and Allergy
Formerly published as ‘Progress in Allergy’ (Founded 1939), continued 1990–2002 as ‘Chemical Immunology’
Edited by Paul Kallós 1939–1988, Byron H. Waksman 1962–2002
_________________________
Dr. John Bienenstock
Departments of Pathology and
Molecular Medicine
McMaster University
Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph’s Healthcare
50 Charlton Avenue East, T3304
Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6 (Canada)
E-Mail [e-mail]
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and PubMed/MEDLINE.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2012 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck GmbH, Ettlingen
ISSN 1660-2242
e-ISSN 1662-2898
ISBN 978-3-8055-9984-9
e-ISBN 978-3-8055-9985-6
 
Contents
Preface
Bienenstock, J. (Hamilton, Ont.)
References
Relations between Asthma and Psychological Distress: An Old Idea Revisited
Van Lieshout, R.J. (Hamilton, Ont.); MacQueen, G.M. (Calgary, Alta.)
Abstract
Epidemiologic Evidence of the Association between Asthma and Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Mechanisms Underlying the Association between Asthma and Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Familial and Genetic Associations between Asthma and Depression
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis
The Immune System
The Autonomic Nervous System
Examining Psychological Influences on Asthma Using Neuroimaging
Treatment of Psychiatric Symptoms to Improve Asthma and Health-Related Quality of Life
Pharmacologic Treatment
Behavioral Treatment
Conclusions
References
The Brain and Asthma: What Are the Linkages?
Busse, W.W. (Madison, Wisc.)
Abstract
Differences in Acute versus Chronic Stress and Their Potential Role in Asthma
Models in Asthma to Study the Effect of Stress on Airway Inflammation
Socioeconomic Status, Stress and Th2 Expression
Use of Animal Models to Gain Insight to the Effects of Stress on Allergic Inflammation
How Is the Central Nervous System, or Brain, Involved in the Allergic Airway Response in Asthma and How May this Relate to Stress?
Conclusions
References
Stress-Related Programming of Autonomic Imbalance: Role in Allergy and Asthma
Wright, R.J. (Boston, Mass.)
Abstract
Autonomic Imbalance and Allergy
Pre- and Postnatal Stress and Physiologic Programming
General Stress Paradigm
Perinatal Programming of Autonomic Reactivity
Perinatal Stress and Immunomodulation
Integration of Systems
Epigenetics - A Fundamental Programming Mechanism
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Role of Parasympathetic Nerves and Muscarinic Receptors in Allergy and Asthma
Scott, G.D.; Fryer, A.D. (Portland, Oreg.)
Abstract
Parasympathetic Signaling Controls Organ Functions Relevant to Allergy
General Anatomy and Signaling of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Control of the Lung
Muscarinic Receptor Changes on Airway Smooth Muscle
Dysfunctional Parasympathetic Nerve Control of Airway Smooth Muscle
Dysfunctional Parasympathetic Signaling and Airway Hypersecretion
Parasympathetic Nerves and Muscarinic Signaling as Therapeutic Targets for Asthma
Parasympathetic Control of the Nose
Dysfunctional Parasympathetic Signaling Causes Hypersecretion in the Nose
Parasympathetic Dysregulation of Vasodilation and Vascular Permeability
Parasympathetic Nerves and Muscarinic Receptor Signaling as Therapeutic Targets for Allergic Rhinitis
Parasympathetic Control of the Eye
Dysfuctional Parasympathetic Control of Lacrimation
Parasympathetic Control of the Intestine
Parasympathetic Causes of Intestinal Dysmotility
Parasympathetic Nerves and Muscarinic Signaling as Therapeutic Targets for IBS
Parasympathetic Control of the Skin
Role of Parasympathetic Nerves in Inflammation and Disease Progression
Parasympathetic Proinflammatory Signaling, Recruitment, and Cell Adhesion
Involvement of Parasympathetic Nerves in Tissue Remodeling
Concluding Remarks
References
Developmental Programming of Allergic Diseases
Pincus, M. (Berlin); Arck, P. (Hamburg)
Abstract
Life before ‘Life’
Developmental Programming of the Endocrine System
Developmental Programming of the Immune System
Developmental Programming of the Nervous System
Conclusions
References
Mind-Body Interrelationship in DNA Methylation
Szyf, M. (Montreal, Que.)
Abstract
DNA Methylation
DNA Methylation Confers Cell Type Identity on Identical DNA Sequences
DNA Methylation as a Mechanism of Genomewide and Systemwide Genome Adaptation
DNA Methylation Alterations in Response to Early Life Adversity during Gestation
DNA Methylation Responses to Social Adversity after Birth
Broad Response of the DNA Methylation State to Early Life Adversity
The DNA Methylation Response to Early Life Social Adversity Is Not Limited to the Brain and Includes the Immune System as Well
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Neurotrophins in Chronic Allergic Airway Inflammation and Remodeling
Renz, H.; Killiç, A. (Marburg)
Abstract
Neurotrophins: Family Members and Synthesis
Neurotrophin Receptors and Basics of Neurotrophin Signaling
Neurotrophin Expression in the Lung
Neurotrophin Expression in the Immune System
Neurotrophins in Atopic Diseases
Neurotrophins in Chronic Allergic Airway Inflammation and Remodeling
Neurotrophins and Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Neurotrophins and Allergic Airway Inflammation
Neurotrophins and Airway Remodeling
Concluding Remarks
References
Pathways Underlying Afferent Signaling of Bronchopulmonary Immune Activation to the Central Nervous System
Hale, M.W. (Boulder, Colo./Melbourne); Rook, G.A.W. (London); Lowry, C.A. (Boulder, Colo./Bristol)
Abstract
Multiple Pathways May Signal Peripheral Immune Activation to the CNS
Afferent Innervation of the Lungs and Airways
Types of Afferent Fibers Transmitting Signals of Bronchopulmonary Inflammation to the CNS
Location of Neuronal Cell Bodies Providing Afferent Innervation of the Airways and Lungs
Which Afferent Fiber Pathways Transmit Signals of Inflammation from the Lungs to the CNS?
Support for a Role for Afferent Fibers Originating in the Vagal Nodose Ganglia in Mediating Signals of Bronchopulmonary Inflammation
Support for a Role for Afferent Fibers Originating in the Vagal Jugular Ganglia in Mediating Signals of Bronchopulmonary Inflammation
Support for a Role for Afferent Fibers Originating in the Dorsal Root Ganglia (T1-T6), ‘Sympathetic Afferents’ in Mediating Signals of Inflammation
Central Projections of Vagal Afferent Neuronal Fibers
Functionally Distinct Vagal Afferent Fibers Have Topographically Organized Projections to the nTS
Afferent Projections of the Nodose and Jugular Ganglia Are Topographically Distinct
Functional Properties of the Dorsal Lateral Subnucleus of the nTS
Functional Properties of the Area Postrema, Medial and Commissural Subnuclei of the nTS
Potential Mechanisms for Activation of Bronchopulmonary Afferent Neurons by Local Inflammatory Stimuli
Aorticopulmonary Bodies (‘Paraganglia’)
Intrapulmonary Peribronchial Ganglia (‘Microparaganglia’)
Diffuse