An Introduction to Human Movement and Biomechanics E-Book

Kerr Andrew

Description

Now in its seventh edition, this reputable textbook is an ideal introduction to the study of human

movement and an excellent reference encouraging and directing further study.

For the first time there is a chapter dedicated to measuring and understanding physical activity,

recognising the importance of this area to many health and sports professionals. More time is spent

explaining the basic principles of biomechanics and the way they can be used to improve practice,

including tissue mechanics and movement analysis techniques.

An Introduction to Human Movement and Biomechanics is the perfect guide for students and

professionals all around the world to consolidate learning and apply to real clinical/sports situation.

Information is given in a clear and accessible way, with case studies, illustrations, textboxes

and practical examples.

• A chapter on physical (in)activity.

• More chapters explaining basic biomechanics and its application to understanding

human movement.

• A new section dedicated to measuring human movement including movement

analysis techniques.

• A whole chapter of case studies with real patient and athlete data

• Scientific theory related to re-learning movement and movement control.

• Problems posed to help students work through the theory and apply it to

clinical scenarios

• Written by well-known and multi-disciplinary researchers with extensive

experience in the field

It includes access to the Evolve online resources:

• Log on to evolve.elsevier.com/Kerr/movement/ and test out your learning

• Case studies, including videoclips and animations

• Hundreds of self-assessment questions

Sujets

• Physical Therapy
• Allied Health Services
• Medical
• Médecine

Informations

• Publié par: Elsevier
• Date de parution: 26 mars 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9780702065002
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

An Introduction to Human Movement and Biomechanics
SEVENTH EDITION
EDITED BY
Andy Kerr, PhD, MSC, MCSP
Lecturer, Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
and
Philip Rowe, PhD
Professor of Rehabilitation Science, Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

Edinburgh London New York Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney 2019
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
About the Authors
Contributors
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
Movement
Understanding Movement
Understanding Movement for Rehabilitation
Structure of the Book
Notice About Maths and Physics
About the Supporting Information
Section I How Things Move and Flow
2 Force
Introduction
What Is Force?
What Does a Mechanical Force Do?
Scalar or Vector?
Drawing Vectors
Point of Application
Force Magnitude and Change in Motion
What You Need to Remember so Far
The Force of Muscles
Magnitude of Moments
Direction of Moments
Analysing Force
How Do Forces Combine?
Analysing Muscle Force Application
Measuring Force
Using Mathematics to Resolve Force
Summary Part Two
Applying a Mobilisation Technique to the Back
Answers to Questions Posed in the Text
Self-Assessment: Questions
3 Stability and Balance
Introduction
Gravity: the Ultimate Force
Centre of Mass
Moments and Posture
Stability
Local and General Stability
Standing Balance
What You Need to Remember
Answers to Questions Posed in the Text
Self-Assessment: Questions
4 Energy and Movement
Introduction
Quick Revision
Newton's First Law (Inertia)
Moment of Inertia
Linear Momentum
Rotational Momentum
Centripetal and Centrifugal Force
Conservation of Angular Momentum
Newton's Second Law: Impulse and Momentum
Newton's Third Law: Action and Reaction
Summary of Newton's Laws of Motion
Pressure and Friction: Bodies in Contact
Work
Muscles at Work
Direction of Work
Using Machines to Do Work
Categories of Levers
Pulleys
The Power of Work
Efficiency
Energy During Movement
Energy Conservation
The Determinants of Gait
Answers to Questions Posed in Text
Self-Assessment Questions
References
5 Flow
Introduction
Basics of Material Science
Connective Tissue
Fluids and Gases
Answers to Questions Posed in Text
Self-Assessment Questions
References
Section II Human Movement
6 Skeletal Muscle, Muscle Work, Strength, Power and Endurance
Introduction
Protein Filaments
The Sarcomere
The Difference Between Muscle Force and Muscle Strength
Muscle Work
Muscle Strength
Recruitment
Muscle Fibre Types
Gradation of Muscle Force
Length-Tension Relationship
Active and Passive Tension
Force–Velocity Relationship
Angle of Pull
Stability and Sequencing
Anatomy
Age and Sex
Psychological Factors
Muscle Power
Muscle Endurance
Fatigue
Measuring Muscle Work
When Things Go Wrong
Increasing Strength and Endurance
Conclusion
Self-Assessment Questions
References
7 Joint Mobility
Introduction
Range of Movement
Factors Involved in Assisting and Restricting Range of Movement
Types of Therapeutic Movement of Joints
Conclusion
Self-Assessment Questions
References
8 Posture and Balance
Introduction
Human Posture
Further Reading
Maintaining a Functional Posture
Relevance to Practice
Conclusion
Self-Assessment Questions
References
9 Motor Control
Introduction
Overview of the Motor Control System
Theories of Motor Control
The Damaged Motor System
Summary
Self-Assessment Questions
References
10 Development and Decline of Movement
Introduction
Part One: Development of Movement
Part Two: Decline of Movement
Self-Assessment Questions
References
Section III Measurement of Movement
11 Nine Key Things That Define Physical Movement
Introduction
What Is Motion and How Do We Describe It?
Time
Linear Kinematics
Angular Kinematics
Forces and Moments
Derived Variables
Summary
Self-Assessment Questions
12 Biomechanical Measurements Including Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis Systems
Introduction
Full Three-Dimensional Motion Capture
Movement Assessment Systems
Summary
Self-Assessment Questions
References
13 Clinical Measures of Mobility Within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework
Introduction
For further information see
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Measuring Mobility Across the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Self-Assessment Questions
References
14 Physical (In)Activity
Introduction
Energy
Promoting Physical Activity to Improve Health
Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity
Walking and Metabolic Activities
Is Sedentary Behaviour Bad for Us?
How DO We Measure the Energy Expenditure of Physical Activity?
Physical Activity in Free Living
Objectively Measuring Free Living Physical Activity
Importance of Walking in Physical Activity
Changing Physical (In)Activity Behaviour
Summary
Answers to Questions Posed in Text
Self-Assessment Questions
References
Section IV Restoring and Optimising Human Movement
15 Motor Relearning Principles
Principles of Motor Learning
Theories of Skill Learning
Mental Practice
Feedback
Guidance Hypothesis
Attentional Focus
Self-Assessment Questions
References
16 Ergonomics
Introduction
What Is the Environment?
Why Do We Need to Consider the Environment?
A Systematic Approach
The Environment's Impact on Movement Systems
The Balance Theory Model
Summary
Self-Assessment Questions
References
17 Case Studies in Human Movement
Introduction
Case Study One: Gait of a Child With Cerebral Palsy Before and After Corrective Surgery*
Case Study Two: Spinal Biomechanics Case Study—Spinal Responses During Walking and Low Back Pain*
Case Study Three: Using an Ankle-Foot Orthosis to Correct Hemiplegic Gait in Stroke Patients*
Case Study Four: the Sit-to-Stand Movement*
Case Study Five: Upper Limb Impairment After Stroke*
Case Study Six: The Rowing Stroke*
Self-Assessment Questions
References
Appendix
Index
Copyright
Copyright 2019 by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
First edition 1981
Second edition 1987
Third edition 1997
Fourth edition 2001
Fifth edition 2005
Sixth edition 2011
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions .
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
ISBN: 978-0-7020-6236-0

Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Content Strategist: Serena Castelnovo/Poppy Garraway Smith
Content Development Specialist: Veronika Watkins
Content Coordinator: Susan Janson
Project Manager: Karthikeyan Murthy
Designer: Bridget Hoette
Illustration Manager: Muthukumaran Thangaraj
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
We dedicate this book to Professor John Paul for his pioneering work in the measurement of human movement.
Preface
This is the seventh edition of The Human Movement book. The first edition, Human Movement: An Introductory Text for Physiotherapy Students, was published in 1981 and quickly became a major part of physiotherapy undergraduate study. It put the understanding of human movement at the very centre of the physiotherapy profession. After all the hard work in anatomy and physiology this was the book that started the journey into movement analysis and thinkin