Chapman & Nakielny's Aids to Radiological Differential Diagnosis E-Book

Stephen G. Davies

Description

Chapman and Nakielny’s Aids to Radiological Differential Diagnosis has become a classic resource for trainees and practitioners worldwide, to hone their knowledge of radiological differential diagnosis for the most commonly encountered conditions throughout the body. It is an invaluable quick-reference companion in everyday practice, as well as an essential study tool when preparing for the FRCR or similar examinations.

This new edition is thoroughly revised and updated in line with latest clinical practice, knowledge and guidelines. The first section presents lists of differential diagnoses, supplemented by notes on useful facts and discriminating factors. These assist with the systematic assessment of radiographs and images from other modalities. The second section offers detailed summaries of the characteristic radiological appearance of a wide range of clinical conditions.

• Lists of differential diagnoses.
• Notes on radiological apperances.
• Ideal for preparation for radiological examinations.

• Contents revised and reduced to reflect current radiological practice.
• Existing lists modernised to reflect modern imaging practice, particularly where technological advances have been made (eg multislice CT and PET CT).
• Revised to take account of new imaging guidelines (eg Royal College of Radiologists: Making Best Use of the Radiology department; SIGN; NICE).
• Journal references updated.
• Increased number of diagrams.

Informations

• Publié par: Saunders Ltd.
• Date de parution: 15 novembre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780702054778
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Chapman & Nakielny's Aids to Radiological Differential Diagnosis
Sixth Edition

Stephen G. Davies, MA FRCP FRCR
Consultant Radiologist, Royal Glamorgan Hospital
Visiting Professor, School of Healthcare Sciences, University of Glamorgan, South Wales, UK
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Preface
Explanatory notes
List of contributors
Abbreviations
Part 1
Chapter 1: Bones
Myeloproliferative
Metabolic
Poisoning
Neoplastic (more commonly multifocal than generalized)
Idiopathic (more commonly multifocal than generalized)
Developmental
Neoplastic
Vascular
Traumatic
Infective
Idiopathic
Developmental
Neoplastic
Idiopathic
Vascular
Traumatic
Traumatic
Neoplastic
Infective
Idiopathic
Neoplastic
Infective
Osteolytic bone lesions
Osteosclerotic bone lesions
Mixed osteolytic/osteosclerotic bone lesions
Tumorous lesions
Lung
Breast
Genitourinary
Reproductive organs
Thyroid
Gastrointestinal tract
Adrenal
Skin
Malignant bone neoplasms
Benign bone neoplasms
Non-neoplastic
Arthritides
Neoplastic
Others
Neoplastic
Others
Neoplastic
Infective
Endocrine
Disuse
Deficiency states
Idiopathic
Congenital
Vitamin D deficiency
Renal disease
Hepatic disease
Vitamin D-dependent rickets – see below
Tumour-associated
Conditions which mimic rickets/osteomalacia
Continuous with destroyed cortex
Parallel spiculated (‘hair-on-end’)
Divergent spiculated (‘sunray’)
Codman angle (single lamina or lamellated)
Pulmonary
Pleural
Cardiovascular
Gastrointestinal
Toxic
Traumatic
Inflammatory
Metabolic and endocrine
Haemopoietic disorders
Thrombotic and embolic
Neoplastic
Non-neoplastic
Arterial
Venous
Arteriovenous
Neurogenic
Connective tissue diseases
Metabolic
Miscellaneous
Isolated
Syndrome-related
Acquired
Resorption of the tuft
Resorption of the mid-portion
Periarticular
Poorly defined lytic lesions
Well-defined lytic lesions
Benign
Malignant
Artefacts
Physiological variants
Soft-tissue uptake
Visualization of normal organs
Chapter 2: Spine
Idiopathic
Congenital
Neuropathic disorders
Neuromuscular diseases
Mesodermal and neuroectodermal diseases
Postradiotherapy
Leg length discrepancy
Painful scoliosis
Generalized
Local (single or multiple)
Trauma arthritides
Congenital
Infection
Syndesmophytes
Paravertebral ossification
Claw osteophytes
Traction spurs
Undulating anterior ossification
Extradural mass
Intradural mass
Intramedullary mass
Chapter 3: Joints
Bilateral symmetrical
Bilateral asymmetrical
Unilateral
Acquired
Congenital
Coxa magna
Coxa plana
Coxa valga
Idiopathic
Coxa vara
Chapter 4: Respiratory tract
Rotation
Chest wall
Pleura
Lung
Pulmonary vessels
With overexpansion of the lungs
With normal or small lungs
In the lumen
In the wall
Outside the wall
With an undisplaced mediastinum
With mediastinal displacement away from the dense hemithorax
With mediastinal displacement towards the dense hemithorax
Postinfective
Post-traumatic
Congenital
Neoplastic
Diffuse lung diseases
Secondary pneumonias
Primary pneumonias
Causes of bronchiectasis
Causes of air-space opacification
Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary oedema on the same side as a pre-existing abnormality
Pulmonary oedema on the opposite side to a pre-existing abnormality
Pulmonary venous engorgement
Lymphatic/interstitial infiltration
Reticular pattern – diffuse interstitial lung diseases
Reticular pattern – caused by thickened interlobular septa
Reticular pattern – caused by perilobular infiltration
Reticular pattern – due to parenchymal destruction leaving ‘remnant’ interlobular septa
Soft-tissue or ground-glass attenuation
Greater than soft-tissue density
Soft-tissue or ground-glass attenuation and remaining discrete
Tending to confluence and/or varying in radiographic intensity over hours to days
Granulomatous
Malignant tumours
Benign tumours
Infectious/inflammatory
Congenital
Vascular
Neoplastic
Infections
Immunological
Vascular
Infective
Neoplastic
Vascular
In abnormally modelled/destroyed lung or congenital
Inflammatory
Traumatic
Localized
Calcification in a solitary nodule
Diffuse or multiple calcifications
Interstitial ossification
Lymph nodes
Pulmonary artery
Others
Idiopathic
Neoplastic
Infective
Vascular
Immunological
Inhalational
Differential diagnosis
Transudate (protein < 30 g/L)
Exudate (protein > 30 g/L)
Haemorrhagic
Chylous
Infective
Neoplastic
Immunological
Extrathoracic diseases
Others
At any site
Medially
Anteriorly
Posteriorly
Causes above the diaphragm
Diaphragmatic causes
Causes below the diaphragm
Scoliosis
Decubitus film
Differential diagnosis
General causes
Causes above the diaphragms
Causes below the diaphragms
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Neoplastic
Infective
Inflammatory
Metabolic
Soft tissues
Ribs
Sternum
Clavicles and scapulae
Spine
Pleura
Lung
Trachea and bronchi
Diaphragm
Mediastinum
Diffuse alveolar opacities
Focal alveolar opacities
Diffuse interstitial opacities
Bronchospasm
Hilar enlargement or mediastinal widening
Increased opportunistic infections
Centrilobular
Perilymphatic
Random
Mosaic attenuation pattern – small airways disease (constrictive obliterative bronchiolitis)
Mosaic attenuation pattern – vascular disease
Mosaic attenuation pattern – infiltrative disease
Region I
Region II
Region III (anterior cardiophrenic angle masses)
Region I (paravertebral)
Region II
Region III
Mismatched perfusion defects
Mismatched ventilation defects
Chapter 5: Cardiovascular system
Secondary to RV failure
Volume loading
Pressure loading (which may lead to increasing RV volume)
Volume loading
Pressure loading
Myocardial disease
Volume loading
Pressure loading (which may lead to increasing LV volume)
Valves
Intracardiac calcification
Myocardium
Pericardium
Coronary arteries
LV generalized increased myocardial wall thickness
RV thickening
Focal myocardial thickening
Myocardial thinning
Fatty lesions
Pericardial thickening
Pericardial effusion
Pericardial constriction
Aortic dissection
Intramural haematoma
Penetrating aortic ulcer
Aortic transection
Ascending aortic aneurysm
Descending aortic aneurysm
Chapter 6: Abdomen and gastrointestinal tract
Radiological signs
Causes
Adult
Upper third
Middle third
Lower third
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Others
Neoplastic
Inflammatory
Iatrogenic
Primary malignant neoplasms
Polyps
Submucosal neoplasms
Extrinsic indentation
Others
Inflammatory
Infiltrative/neoplastic
Others
Neoplastic
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Inflammatory/infiltrative
Normal folds
Thick folds
Vascular
Radiotherapy
Oedema
Early infiltration
Coeliac disease
Abetalipoproteinaemia
Localized
Widespread
Avid contrast enhancement
Moderate homogeneous contrast enhancement
Heterogeneous enhancement
Layered enhancement
Reduced enhancement
Focal (≤ 5 cm)
Segmental (6–40 cm)
Diffuse (> 40 cm)
Inflammatory
Infiltrative
Neoplastic
Infective
Inflammatory
Infective
Neoplastic
Ischaemia
Adenomatous
Hyperplastic
Hamartomatous
Inflammatory
Infective
Others
Neoplastic
Inflammatory
Ischaemia
Infective
Extrinsic masses
Diffuse
Predominantly right-sided
Predominantly left-sided
Benign causes
Life-threatening causes
Non-toxic (without mucosal abnormalities)
Toxic (with severe mucosal abnormalities)
Colitides
Neoplastic
Differential diagnosis
In colon
In small bowel <