Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury

Description

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious and as yet incompletely understood disorder in which sudden impairment of kidney function occurs secondary to one or more of a variety of underlying conditions. This disorder is very common in (elderly) ICU patients and is associated with very high mortality. Many of those who survive suffer from permanent kidney failure and other long-term morbidities, which may include cardiovascular disease and immune dysfunction. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that AKI is not a single disease, but a syndrome comprised of multiple, often coexisting, etiologies. Being usually part of multiorgan failure syndrome, it calls for multiple organ support therapy.The publication at hand contains sections on prerenal azotemia syndromes, dying ‘of’ or ‘with’ AKI, pathophysiology of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury, developments in prevention / treatment / rehabilitation, and renal support. Reporting the latest recommendations from experts, it provides valuable information for those that are interested in understanding the disorder and its treatment options.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 15 septembre 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783805598118
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury
Contributions to Nephrology
Vol. 174
Series Editor
Claudio Ronco     Vicenza
 
Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury
Volume Editors
John A. Kellum Pittsburgh
Claudio Ronco Vicenza
Jean-Louis Vincent Brussels
31 figures, 3 in color, and 16 tables, 2011
Contributions to Nephrology (Founded 1975 by Geoffrey M. Berlyne)
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John A. Kellum Department of Critical Care Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
Claudio Ronco Department of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation International Renal Research Institute Vicenza S. Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi, 37 36100 Vicenza, Italy
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John A. Kellum Department of Intensive Care Erasme Hospital Université libre de Bruxelles Route de Lennik 808 1070 Brussels Belgium
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Controversies in acute kidney injury / volume editors, John A. Kellum, Claudio Ronco, Jean-Louis Vincent.
p.; cm. –– (Contributions to nephrology, ISSN 0302-5144; v. 174)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-8055-9810-1 (hard cover: alk. paper) –– ISBN 978-3-8055-9811-8 (e-ISBN)
I. Kellum, John A. II. Ronco, C. (Claudio), 1951- III. Vincent, J. L IV. Series: Contributions to nephrology; v. 174.0302-5144
[DNLM: 1. Acute Kidney Injury-physiopathology. 2. Acute Kidney Injury-therapy.
3. Renal Replacement Therapy. W1 CO778UN v.174 2011 /WJ 342]
LC-classification not assigned
617.4'61044-dc23
2011025944
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2011 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Switzerland on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Reinhardt Druck, Basel
ISSN 0302-5144
ISBN 978-3-8055-9810-1
e-ISBN 978-3-8055-9811-8
 
Contents
Unveiling Current Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury
Kellum, J.A. (Pittsburgh); Ronco, C. (Vicenza); Vincent, J.-L. (Brussels)
Prerenal Azotemia Syndromes
Analysis of the Prerenal Contributions to Acute Kidney Injury
Blantz, R.C.; Singh, P. (San Diego, Calif.)
The Role of Tubuloglomerular Feedback in the Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury
Singh, P. (San Diego, Calif.); Okusa, M.D. (Charlottesville, Va.)
Can We Identify Prerenal Physiology and Does It Matter?
Payen, D.; Legrand, M. (Paris)
Cardiorenal Syndrome: A Complex Series of Combined Heart/Kidney Disorders
Goh, C.Y. (Selangor/Vicenza); Vizzi, G.; De Cal M.; Ronco, C. (San Bortolo/Vicenza)
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Angeli, P.; Morando, F.; Cavallin, M.; Piano, S. (Padova)
Dying ‘of’ or ‘with’ Acute Kidney Injury
Clinical Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury
Hoste, E.A.J.; De Corte, W. (Ghent/Kortrijk)
Renal-Pulmonary Crosstalk
Singbartl, K. (Pittsburgh, Pa.)
Acute Kidney Injury, Acute Lung Injury and Septic Shock: How Does Mortality Compare?
Vincent, J.-L. (Bruxelles)
Sepsis and Acute Kidney Injury Are Bidirectional
Matejovic, M.; Chvojka, J.; Radej, J.; Ledvinova, L.; Karvunidis, T.; Krouzecky, A.; Novak, I. (Plzen)
Pathophysiology of Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Pathophysiology of Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: The Role of Global Renal Blood Flow and Renal Vascular Resistance
Bouglé, A.; Duranteau, J. (Le Kremlin Bicêtre)
Septic Acute Kidney Injury: The Glomerular Arterioles
Bellomo, R.; Wan, L.; Langenberg, C.; Ishikawa, K.; May, C.N. (Melbourne)
Kidney Endothelial Dysfunction: Ischemia, Localized Infections and Sepsis
Molitoris, B.A.; Sandoval, R.M. (Indianapolis, Ind.)
The Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury and the Toxic Triangle of Oxygen, Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide
Aksu, U. (Amsterdam/Istanbul); Demirci, C. (Istanbul); Ince, C. (Amsterdam/Rotterdam)
Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury: Effects of Remote Tissue Damage on the Kidney
Wen, X.; Peng, Z.; Kellum, J.A. (Pittsburgh, Pa.)
A Role for Oxidative Stress
Heyman, S.N. (Jerusalem); Rosen, S. (Boston, Mass.); Rosenberger, C. (Berlin)
Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease: Maladaptive Repair
Yang, L. (Boston, Mass./Beijing); Humphreys, B.D.; Bonventre, J.V. (Boston, Mass./Cambridge, Mass.)
Prevention/Treatment/Rehabilitation: What's on the Horizon?
Models of Preventable Disease: Contrast-Induced Nephropathy and Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Shaw, A. (Durham, N.C.)
Acute Kidney Injury in Children: Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation
Goldstein, S.L. (Cincinnati, Ohio)
Delayed Kidney Allograft Function - What Does It Tell Us about Acute Kidney Injury?
Abu Jawdeh, B.G.; Rabb, H. (Baltimore, Md.)
Acute Kidney Injury Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease and Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury: The Best Opportunity to Mitigate Acute Kidney Injury?
Chawla, L.S. (Washington DC)
Role of Microvesicles in Acute Kidney Injury
Camussi, G.; Cantaluppi, V.; Deregibus, M.C. (Torino); Gatti, E. (Bad Homburg/ Krems); Tetta, C. (Bad Homburg/Krems/Palazzo Pignano)
Renal Support
Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury: Effects of Fluid Overload on Outcome
Mehta, R.L. (San Diego, Calif.); Bouchard, J. (Montréal)
Does Renal Replacement Therapy Improve Outcome? Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury
Murray, P. (Dublin); Udani, S.; Koyner, J.L. (Chicago, III.)
Why Did Dose Trials Fail?
Joannidis, M. (Innsbruck)
Renal Replacement Therapy: When to Start
Bagshaw, S.M. (Edmonton, Alta.); Wald, R. (Toronto, Ont.)
Renal Replacement Therapy for Acute Renal Injury: We Need Better Therapy
Demirjian, S.G.; Paganini, E.P. (Cleveland, Ohio)
Author Index
Subject Index
 
Kellum JA, Ronco C, Vincent J- L (eds): Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury. Contrib Nephrol. Basel, Karger, 2011, vol 174, pp 1-3
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Unveiling Current Controversies in Acute Kidney Injury
John A. Kellum a Claudio Ronco b Jean-Louis Vincent c
a Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA, b Department of Nephrology, Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute Vicenza, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy, c Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a deadly and incompletely understood disorder in which sudden impairment of kidney function occurs secondary to one or more of a variety of underlying conditions. Mortality associated with AKI is very high and treatment is unsatisfactory. The condition primarily affects acutely ill and injured patients and disproportionably affects the elderly. Many of those that survive have permanent kidney failure and other long-term morbidities, which may include cardiovascular disease and immune dysfunction. While the term ‘acute kidney injury’ dates back to the early 20th century, when it was used in reference to acute mercury poisoning, it has only recently been applied to describe impaired kidney function in the setting of critical illness. In 2002, during an Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) conference held in Vicenza, AKI was defined using the now widely accepted consensus criteria known as RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Kidney Disease). AKI replaced the term acute renal failure in part because of the recognition that acute impairment in renal function, even when relatively mild and far less than frank failure, was associated with worse clinical outcomes. Criteria for AKI were therefore set at small changes in serum creatinine or urine output. Thanks to consensus criteria for AKI, we now know that this condition is very common, occurring in as many as two thirds of ICU patients and about 2,100 per million population, and is associated with dra