Coronary Risk Factors Update, An Issue of Medical Clinics

Valentin Fuster, Jagat Narula

Description

This issue of Medical Clinics of North America provides the latest essential updates on coronary risk factors. The following key questions are answered. Are new biomarkers informative? LDL: the lower the better? How important is HDL? How much credit does triglyceride deserve? How important is family history of coronary disease? How important is age in determining coronary risk factors? Endothelial progenitor cells, menopause, and coronary risk factors? What is the role of imaging in prevention of coronary artery disease? Is genomics ready for primetime? Pediatric statinization? Individualized statinization? Polypill for some, polypill for all?

Sujets

• Médecine
• Spécialités médicales
• Internal Medicine
• Medical

Informations

• Publié par: Saunders
• Date de parution: 28 janvier 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781455742929
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Medical Clinics of North America , Vol. 96, No. 1, January 2012
ISSN: 0025-7125
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.009
CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure

Goal Statement
The goal of Medical Clinics of North America is to keep practicing physicians up to date with current clinical practice by providing timely articles reviewing the state of the art in patient care.

Accreditation
The Medical Clinics of North America is planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and Policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint sponsorship of the University of Virginia School of Medicine and Elsevier. The University of Virginia School of Medicine is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The University of Virginia School of Medicine designates this enduring material activity for a maximum of 15 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit (s) ™ for each issue, 90 credits per year. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
The American Medical Association has determined that physicians not licensed in the US who participate in this CME enduring material activity are eligible for a maximum of 15 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit (s)™ for each issue, 90 credits per year.
Credit can be earned by reading the text material, taking the CME examination online at http://www.theclinics.com/home/cme , and completing the evaluation. After taking the test, you will be required to review any and all incorrect answers. Following completion of the test and evaluation, your credit will be awarded and you may print your certificate.

Faculty Disclosure/Conflict of Interest
The University of Virginia School of Medicine, as an ACCME accredited provider, endorses and strives to comply with the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) Standards of Commercial Support, Commonwealth of Virginia statutes, University of Virginia policies and procedures, and associated federal and private regulations and guidelines on the need for disclosure and monitoring of proprietary and financial interests that may affect the scientific integrity and balance of content delivered in continuing medical education activities under our auspices.
The University of Virginia School of Medicine requires that all CME activities accredited through this institution be developed independently and be scientifically rigorous, balanced and objective in the presentation/discussion of its content, theories and practices.
All authors/editors participating in an accredited CME activity are expected to disclose to the readers relevant financial relationships with commercial entities occurring within the past 12 months (such as grants or research support, employee, consultant, stock holder, member of speakers bureau, etc.). The University of Virginia School of Medicine will employ appropriate mechanisms to resolve potential conflicts of interest to maintain the standards of fair and balanced education to the reader. Questions about specific strategies can be directed to the Office of Continuing Medical Education, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
The faculty and staff of the University of Virginia Office of Continuing Medical Education have no financial affiliations to disclose.
The authors/editors listed below have identified no professional or financial affiliations for themselves or their spouse/partner:
Eloisa Arbustini, MD, PhD; Juan Jose Badimon, PhD; Ragavendra R. Baliga, MD, MBA; Ailin Barseghian, MD; Roger S. Blumenthal, MD; Sonny Dandona, MD, FRCPC; Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH; Ravi Dhingra, MD, MPH; Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD (Guest Editor); Rachel Glover, (Acquisitions Editor); Nezam Haider, PhD; Randolph Hutter, MD; Payal Kohli, MD; Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, MD, ScM; Seth S. Martin, MD; Dilbahar S. Mohar, MD; Jagat Narula, MD, PhD (Guest Editor); Nupoor Narula, BS; Claudio Rapezzi, MD, FESC; William F. Rayburn, MD, MBA (Consulting Editor); Robert Roberts, MD, FRCPC, MACC; Leslee J. Shaw, PhD; Alexandre F.R. Stewart, BSch, MSc, PhD; Ramachandran S. Vasan, MD, DM; John T. Wilkins, MD, MS; Andrew Wolf, MD (Test Author).
The authors/editors listed below identified the following professional or financial affiliations for themselves or their spouse/partner:
Christopher P. Cannon, MD is an industry funded research/investigator for Accumetrics, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Essentialis, and Takeda, and is a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi, Novartis, and Alnylam.
Michael Domanski, MD is a consultant for Cardiomems.
Yonghong Li, PhD is employed by Celera, and is a patent holder for Quest Diagnostics.
Michael Miller, MD is an industry funded research/investigator and is on the Speakers’ Bureau for Abbott, Merck, and Roche; is on the Advisory Committee for Abbott and Roche; and is a consultant for Roche.
Kathryn M. Momary, PharmD, BCPS is an industry funded research/investigator for Pfizer, Inc.
H. Robert Superko, MD is employed by Celera, Inc.
Luigi Tavazzi, MD, PhD is on the Advisory Board for Servier, Medtronic DSMB, St. Jude, and Cardiokine.
Disclosure of Discussion of Non-FDA Approved Uses for Pharmaceutical Products and/or Medical Devices.
The University of Virginia School of Medicine, as an ACCME provider, requires that all faculty presenters identify and disclose any off-label uses for pharmaceutical and medical device products. The University of Virginia School of Medicine recommends that each physician fully review all the available data on new products or procedures prior to clinical use.

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To enroll in the Medical Clinics of North America Continuing Medical Education program, call customer service at 1-800-654-2452 or visit us online at http://www.theclinics.com/home/cme . The CME program is available to subscribers for an additional fee of USD 228.
Medical Clinics of North America , Vol. 96, No. 1, January 2012
ISSN: 0025-7125
doi: 10.1016/S0025-7125(12)00033-8

Forthcoming Issues
Medical Clinics of North America , Vol. 96, No. 1, January 2012
ISSN: 0025-7125
doi: 10.1016/S0025-7125(12)00034-X

Contributors
Medical Clinics of North America
Coronary Risk Factors Update
Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
Jagat Narula, MD, PhD
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
ISSN  0025-7125
Volume 96 • Number 1 • January 2012

Table of Contents
Cover
CME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure
Forthcoming Issues
Contributors
Risk Factor Update: Old Wine in a New Bottle?
Are Novel Serum Biomarkers Informative?
LDL Cholesterol: The Lower the Better
HDL–Cholesterol: Perfection is the Enemy of Good?
Triglycerides: How Much Credit Do They Deserve?
Atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Lessons Learned from Glycation in Diabetes
“My Parents Died of Myocardial Infarction: Is that My Destiny?”
Age As a Risk Factor
Coronary Artery Disease in Aging Women: A Menopause of Endothelial Progenitor Cells?
Imaging for Prevention
Genomics: Is It Ready for Primetime?
Statins Personalized
Childhood Cholesterol Disorders: The Iceberg Base or Nondisease?
Index
Medical Clinics of North America , Vol. 96, No. 1, January 2012
ISSN: 0025-7125
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.02.003

CME
Preface
Risk Factor Update: Old Wine in a New Bottle?

Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones, Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
E-mail address: [e-mail]
E-mail address: [e-mail]

Jagat Narula, MD, PhD
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
E-mail address: [e-mail]
E-mail address: [e-mail]


Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, Guest Editor

Jagat Narula, MD, PhD, Guest Editor
Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the leading cause of death and disability in the twenty-first century and equally affect men and women, in both developed and underprivileged nations. Most human societies have moved from agrarian diets and active lives to fast foods and sedentary habits in the last century. Combined with increasing tobacco use, these changes have fueled the epidemic of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, while developed countries witnessed these changes over several decades due to a long period of epidemiological transition, the alterations in developing countries are occurring at an accelerated pace, calling into focus creative and innovative solutions for combating the consequences.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) was a national epidemic and the leading cause of death during 1930-1950. Although at that time CAD and acute coronary events were perceived as an inescapable consequence of old age and genetic transmission, epidemiological research, especially from the Framingham Heart Study, identified risk factors that predisposed to CAD. Risk factors were equally applicable at all ages and in either sex; there was a demonstrable causal relationship between the risk factor and the disease with a dose-response relationship to the extent of disease, and a decrease in the burden of disease on resolution of risk factors. Because the disease could be fatal even in its first manifestation and occur without warning signals even in asymptomatic subjects, a preventive approach was deemed mandatory. Immense emphasis was placed on public awareness about the risk factors, and multiple national prevention programs were initiated especially directed against hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and s