Diabetes Secondary to Endocrine and Pancreatic Disorders

Description

The 1997 classification of diabetes mellitus, now accepted worldwide, includes a large section of ‘Other specific types of diabetes’, a good part of which is made up of diabetes secondary to other endocrine or pancreatic disorders. However, a comprehensive overview on how these disorders may lead to diabetes, and how to diagnose and treat them, was not available so far. Filling this gap, this book includes detailed descriptions of glucose metabolism derangements in other endocrine and pancreatic disorders. Leading experts in their fields present an exhaustive overview of the most-updated evidence on the etiopathological mechanisms underlying the development of diabetes in patients with endocrine and pancreatic disorders, and the relevant diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Because of its multidisciplinary approach, this book is of great interest to endocrinologists, diabetologists, general practitioners, internal medicine specialists and surgeons, and will remain a reference source for years to come.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 10 avril 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 3
• EAN13: 9783318025989
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Diabetes Secondary to Endocrine and Pancreatic Disorders
Frontiers in Diabetes
Vol. 22
Series Editors
M. Porta Turin
F.M. Matschinsky Philadelphia, Pa.
Diabetes Secondary to Endocrine and Pancreatic Disorders
Volume Editors
Ezio Ghigo Turin
Massimo Porta Turin
27 figures, 2 in color and 14 tables, 2014
Frontiers in Diabetes Founded 1981 by F. Belfiore, Catania
_______________________ Ezio Ghigo, MD Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin IT—10126 Turin (Italy)
_______________________ Massimo Porta, MD, PhD Department of Medical Sciences University of Turin IT—10126 Turin (Italy)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diabetes secondary to endocrine and pancreatic disorders / volume editors, Ezio Ghigo, Massimo Porta.
p.; cm. –– (Frontiers in diabetes, ISSN 0251-5342 ; vol. 22)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-3-318-02597-2 (hard cover: alk. paper) –– ISBN 978-3-318-02598-9 (e-ISBN)
I. Ghigo, E. (Ezio), editor. II. Porta, M., editor. III. Series: Frontiers in diabetes; v. 22. 0251-5342
[DNLM: 1. Diabetes Mellitus––etiology. 2. Diabetes Mellitus––therapy. 3. Endocrine System Diseases––complications. 4. Pancreatic Diseases––complications. W1 FR945X v.22 2014/WK810]
RC660
616.4'62––dc23
2014006738
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2014 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck GmbH, Ettlingen
ISSN 0251-5342
e-ISSN 1662-2995
ISBN 978-3-318-02597-2
e-ISBN 978-3-318-02598-9
Professor Francesco Minuto accepted our belated invitation to write a chapter for this volume and completed it despite a rapidly progressive, unforgiving disease.
Sadly, he passed away without seeing the completed book.
We wish to dedicate this volume to his memory, strength and dedication.

With enduring friendship, Ezio Ghigo, Massimo Porta
Contents
Introduction
Porta, M.; Ghigo, E. (Turin)
Diabetes from Growth Hormone Excess
Neggers, S.J.; van der Lely, A.J. (Rotterdam)
Diabetes in Growth Hormone Deficiency
Prodam, F.; Zavattaro, M.; Caputo, M. (Novara); Marzullo, P. (Novara/Verbania); Aimaretti, G. (Novara)
Diabetes Associated with Glucocorticoid Excess
Janssen, J.A.M.J.L.; Lamberts, S.W. (Rotterdam)
Diabetes in Hyperaldosteronism
Crudo, V.; Mulatero, P.; Monticone, S.; Veglio, F. (Turin)
Diabetes from Catecholamine Excess
Mannelli, M.; Parenti, G.; Zampetti, B.; Canu, L.; Mannucci, E. (Florence)
Diabetes and Hyperthyroidism
Mitrou, P.; Dimitriadis, G.; Raptis, S.A. (Athens)
Diabetes Secondary to Neuroendocrine Gastroenteropancreatic Tumors
Minuto, F.; Ferone, D.; Boschetti, M.; Albertelli, M.; Gatto, F. (Genoa)
Type 2 Diabetes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Pasquali, R.; Gambineri, A. (Bologna)
Diabetes in Hyperparathyroidism
Thomas, A.; Kautzky-Willer, A. (Vienna)
Posttransplant Diabetes
Secchi, A.; Scavini, M. (Milan)
Diabetes in Pancreatitis, Pancreatectomy and Other Pancreatic Diseases
Tiengo, A.; Vigili de Kreutzenberg, S. (Padua); Del Prato, S. (Pisa)
Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes
Unnikrishnan, R.; Mohan, V. (Chennai)
Diabetes and Hemochromatosis
Wood, M.J.; Gonsalkorala, E.S.; Powell, L.W. (Brisbane, Qld.)
Secondary Diabetes: Clinical Considerations
Ghigo, E.; Guaraldi, F.; Porta, M. (Turin)
Author Index
Subject Index
Introduction
The American Diabetes Association defines diabetes mellitus as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [ 1 ]. The well-known classification includes type 1, which requires insulin for survival, type 2, a condition resulting from a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance [ 2 ], gestational diabetes, which is still undergoing changes in definition, and the category of ‘other specific types of diabetes’. This includes a long list of genetic defects of the beta cell and of insulin action, diseases of the exocrine pancreas, endocrinopathies, drug- or chemical-induced diabetes, infections, uncommon forms of immunemediated diabetes and other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes [ 1 ].
We felt that this hazy area deserves more attention than it usually receives. Physicians dealing primarily with diabetes are mostly concerned with the mechanisms of beta cell damage and options for preventing and treating type 1 and type 2. Specialists dealing with other disorders of internal secretion also tend to focus their attention on specific endocrine glands. Somehow, diabetes secondary to other endocrine disorders ends up not receiving all the attention it deserves. The same applies to individuals suffering from diseases of the exocrine pancreas. This may lead to tardy diagnosis of diabetes in these patients and, even more worrying, to delayed diagnosis of occult conditions that may have diabetes as an initial manifestation, pancreatic cancer being the most dreaded. The literature is not extensive on the matter and there are no guidelines or recommendations to suggest a sensible clinical course.
The idea of dedicating a volume of the series Frontiers in Diabetes to diabetes secondary to endocrine and pancreatic disorders was born out of such considerations. For most physicians, knowledge of this matter rests upon information gathered indirectly from previous study or occasional research. That secondary diabetes has remained a neglected area was an even stronger stimulus to engage a series of leading experts in the writing of a comprehensive update. We wish to express our deepest gratitude to the publisher for their customary enthusiastic support leading to the completion of this volume. We hope it will be of help to all physicians dealing with this large part of medicine and that it might even grow to be regarded as a reference source.

Massimo Porta , Turin
Ezio Ghigo , Turin
References
1 American Diabetes Association: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2014;37(suppl 1):S81-S90.
2 American Diabetes Association: Standards of medical care in diabetes: 2014. Diabetes Care 2014;37(suppl 1):S14-S80.
 
Ghigo E, Porta M (eds): Diabetes Secondary to Endocrine and Pancreatic Disorders. Front Diabetes. Basel, Karger, 2014, vol 22, pp 1-9 (DOI: 10.1159/000357242)
______________________
Diabetes from Growth Hormone Excess
Sebastian J. Neggers Aart J. van der Lely
Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
______________________
Abstract
This chapter tries to address the fascinating interplay between the glucose-insulin system and the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor 1 system from the angle of GH excess. As these two systems are so closely linked, one might expect that when GH secretion is pathologically increased, the glucose-insulin system must adapt to this - and indeed it does. In acromegaly, diabetes - or at least impaired glucose tolerance - is the result of GH excess. The medical treatment modalities for acromegaly have interesting and diverse effects on glycemic control. As many of these aspects are also important for the discernment of the metabolic differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, we believe that the reader might obtain a better understanding of the (patho)physiology of the link between glycemic control and GH secretion.
© 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Introduction
Growth hormone (GH) is well known for its anabolic actions [ 1 , 2 ]. It stimulates cell growth and differentiation. GH also antagonizes insulin actions as it stimulates lipolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis [ 1 , 2 ]. Interestingly, GH also induces an increase in serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) levels, and IGF-I shares many actions with insulin [ 1 , 2 ]. This chapter addresses the interplay between GH, IGF-I and insulin. GH excess is discussed in