Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease

Description

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common microvascular complication, has consistently been shown to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This book provides complete coverage of DR as a potential marker for CVD in those with diabetes. It succinctly reviews the epidemiological and pathogenic links of DR to various cardiovascular events including stroke, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and mortality. Furthermore, it discusses the usefulness of DR in CVD risk prediction and cardiovascular safety of anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic patients. There are insights from contemporary diabetic trials that demonstrated the enhanced cardiovascular benefit of novel glucose lowering therapy. It also highlights the potential of novel retinal imaging to predict CVD and its risk factors using the state-of-the art artificial intelligence-based deep learning systems. This book will be an invaluable resource for specialists translating research findings into clinical care, including those in cardiology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, and general practitioners. IT will also be of interest to public health practitioners, researchers, graduate students, and biotech companies interested in developing retinal image-based diagnostic and prognostic tools.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 03 juin 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318065077
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease
Frontiers in Diabetes
Vol. 27
Series Editor
Massimo Porta Turin
 
Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease
Volume Editors
Charumathi Sabanayagam Singapore
Tien Y. Wong Singapore
19 figures, 14 in color, and 19 tables, 2019
Frontiers in Diabetes Founded 1981 by F. Belfiore, Catania
_______________________ Charumathi Sabanayagam Singapore Eye Research Institute Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore
_______________________ Tien Y. Wong Singapore National Eye Centre Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Sabanayagam, Charumathi, editor. | Wong, Tien Yin, editor.
Title: Diabetic retinopathy and cardiovascular disease / volume editors, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Tien Y. Wong.
Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, 2019. | Series: Frontiers in diabetes, ISSN 0251-5342 ; vol. 27 | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019012527 (print) | LCCN 2019013582 (ebook) | ISBN 9783318065077 (eBook) | ISBN 9783318065060 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318065077 (e-ISBN)
Subjects: | MESH: Diabetic Retinopathy--complications | Cardiovascular Diseases--complications | Disease Susceptibility | Risk Assessment--methods
Classification: LCC RE661.D5 (ebook) | LCC RE661.D5 (print) | NLM WK 835 | DDC 617.7/35--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019012527
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2019 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISSN 0251–5342
e-ISSN 1662–2995
ISBN 978–3–318–06506–0
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06507–7
 
Contents
Preface
Sabanayagam, C.; Wong T.Y. (Singapore)
Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Diabetes Mellitus
Hare, M.J.L.; Shaw , J.E. (Melbourne, VIC)
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy
Jonas, J.B. (Mannheim); Sabanayagam, C. (Singapore)
Diabetic Retinopathy and Stroke
Lai, J.; Wong, V.; Liew, G. (Sydney, NSW)
Diabetic Retinopathy and Heart Disease
Quek Qiao Yun, D.; Cheung, N. (Singapore)
Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy
Kiew, S.Y.; Sabanayagam, C. (Singapore)
Diabetic Retinopathy and Mortality
Grauslund, J. (Odense)
Retinal Vascular Changes in Diabetes and Dementia
Chan, V.T.T.; Wong, P.P.Y.; Cheung, C.Y. (Hong Kong)
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Chatziralli, I.P. (Athens); Sivaprasad, S. (London)
Novel Retinal Imaging in Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Systemic Vascular Diseases
Ting, D.S.W. (Singapore); Peng, L.; Varadarajan, A.V. (Mountain View, CA); Liu, T.Y.A. (Baltimore, MD)
Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes: Insights from Diabetes Trials
Lee, P.T.; Chin, C.W.L. (Singapore)
Author Index
Subject Index
 
Preface
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, is a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Beyond the eye, retinopathy changes in diabetic patients have been shown to carry an increased risk for cardiovascular events including coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition to clinical CVD, DR has also been shown to be associated with subclinical measures of atherosclerosis. Independent of diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for CVD and death due to CVD accounts for up to 50% of all deaths in patients with moderate and severe CKD. DR is a well-known risk factor for CKD. DR shares many risk factors, genetic and pathogenic pathways with heart, brain and kidney and a simple non-invasive assessment of DR could improve risk stratification of CVD, in particular in those with diabetes. In the last 5 years, advances in artificial-intelligence based deep learning and computer vision have opened new possibilities of using retinal images to predict DR with accuracy comparable to that of human experts and other systemic diseases including stroke, and dementia. Poplin et al. in a recent study demonstrated the application of retinal image-based deep learning algorithms to predict cardiovascular risk factors. While the impact of DR on vision is well known, its many associations with clinical and subclinical CVD are less recognized. In this book, we comprehensively reviewed the epidemiological evidence and pathogenic links of DR to various cardiovascular events and implications for assessment of retina in cardiovascular risk prediction. The book comprises 10 chapters:
1 Cardiovascular disease risk in diabetes mellitus
2 Epidemiology and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy
3 Diabetic retinopathy and stroke
4 Diabetic retinopathy and heart disease
5 Diabetic retinopathy and chronic kidney disease
6 Diabetic retinopathy and mortality
7 Retinal vascular changes in diabetes and dementia
8 Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and CVD risk
9 Novel retinal imaging in assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases
10 Reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetes: Insights from diabetes trials
Starting with overview of CVD risk in diabetes, the book covers in detail the links of DR with each of the CVD outcome including stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, CKD, dementia and mortality and the usefulness of DR in CVD risk prediction. Antiangiogenic therapy using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is the standard care for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema. However, concerns about their safety have been raised, since diabetic patients are at increased risk for cardiovascular events and systemic adverse events such as arterial thromboembolic events due to VEGF inhibition. To address this concern, a separate chapter is dedicated to reviewing the current evidence from clinical trials on cardiovascular safety of anti-VEGF therapy in diabetic patients treated for diabetic macular oedema. The book also highlights the potential of novel retinal imaging to predict CVD and its risk factors using the state-of-the art artificial intelligence-based deep learning systems. The last chapter provides insights from contemporary diabetic trials that demonstrated the enhanced cardiovascular benefit of novel glucose lowering therapy.
Authors who contributed to book chapters are expert researchers in their individual fields, many of whom are leading international authorities. We hope this book will be an invaluable resource for specialists translating research findings into clinical care including those in cardiology, endocrinology, ophthalmology, general practitioners, and public health practitioners, researchers, graduate students, as well as biotech companies interested in developing retinal image-based diagnostic and prognostic tools.
Charumathi Sabanayagam , Singapore
Tien Y. Wong , Singapore
 
Sabanayagam C, Wong TY (eds): Diabetic Retinopathy and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Diabetes. Basel, Karger, 2019, vol 27, pp 1–19 (DOI: 10.1159/000486261)
______________________
Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Diabetes Mellitus
Matthew J.L. Hare a–c Jonathan E. Shaw d–f
a Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; b Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT, Australia; c Department of Endocrinology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia; d Clinical and Population Health, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; e School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; f School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
______________________
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among people with diabetes mellitus. The epidemic of diabetes continues to contribute significantl