Epidemiology E-Book

Leon Gordis

Description

Epidemiology, by award-winning educator and epidemiologist Leon Gordis, is a best-selling introduction to this complex science. Dr. Gordis leverages his vast experience teaching this subject in the classroom to introduce the basic principles and concepts of epidemiology in a clear, uniquely memorable way. He guides you from an explanation of the epidemiologic approach to disease and intervention, through the use of epidemiologic principles to identify the causes of disease, to a discussion of how epidemiology should be used to improve evaluation and public policy. It’s your best choice for an accessible yet rich understanding of epidemiology!

• Gain a solid foundation of basic epidemiologic principles as well as practical applications in public health and clinical practice.
• Visualize concepts vividly through abundant full-color figures, graphs, and charts.
• Check your understanding of essential information with 120 multiple-choice epidemiology self-assessment questions.

• Master the latest nuances in epidemiology thanks to a wealth of new and updated illustrations, examples, and epidemiologic data.

Informations

• Publié par: Saunders
• Date de parution: 14 novembre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 3
• EAN13: 9781455742516
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 23 Mo

Extrait

Epidemiology
FIFTH EDITION
Leon Gordis, MD, MPH, DrPH
Professor Emeritus of Epidemiology
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MarylandTable of Contents
Cover image
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section 1 The Epidemiologic Approach to Disease and Intervention
Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction
What is Epidemiology?
The Objectives of Epidemiology
Epidemiology and Prevention
Epidemiology and Clinical Practice
The Epidemiologic Approach
From Observations to Preventive Actions
When the Frequency of a Disease Declines, WHO Deserves the Credit?
Integrating Prevention and Treatment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 The Dynamics of Disease TransmissionModes of Transmission
Clinical and Subclinical Disease
Carrier Status
Endemic, Epidemic, and Pandemic
Disease Outbreaks
Immunity and Susceptibility
Herd Immunity
Incubation Period
Attack Rate
Exploring Occurrence of Disease
Outbreak Investigation
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 2
Chapter 3 The Occurrence of Disease
Surveillance
Stages of Disease in an Individual and in a Population
Measures of Morbidity
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 3
Chapter 4 The Occurrence of Disease
Measures of Mortality
Comparing Mortality in Different Populations
Other Measures of the Impact of Disease
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 4
Chapter 5 Assessing the Validity and Reliability of Diagnostic and Screening TestsBiologic Variation of Human Populations
Validity of Screening Tests
Use of Multiple Tests
Predictive Value of a Test
Reliability (Repeatability) of Tests
Relationship between Validity and Reliability
Conclusion
References
Appendices to Chapter 5
Review Questions for Chapter 5
Chapter 6 The Natural History of Disease
Case-Fatality
Person-Years
Five-Year Survival
Observed Survival
The Kaplan-Meier Method
Assumptions Made in Using Life Tables
Apparent Effects on Prognosis of Improvements in Diagnosis
Median Survival Time
Relative Survival
Generalizability of Survival Data
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 6
Chapter 7 Assessing Preventive and Therapeutic Measures
Selection of Subjects
Allocating Subjects to Treatment Groups Without Randomization
Allocating Subjects Using Randomization
Data Collection on Subjects
CrossoverFactorial Design
Noncompliance
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Randomized Trials
Sample Size
Recruitment and Retention of Study Participants
Ways of Expressing the Results of Randomized Trials
Interpreting the Results of Randomized Trials
Four Phases in Testing New Drugs in the United States
Three Major Randomized Trials in the United States
Randomized Trials for Evaluating Widely Accepted Interventions
Registration of Clinical Trials
Ethical Considerations
Conclusion
Epilogue
References
Review Questions for Chapters 7 and 8
Section 2 Using Epidemiology to Identify the Causes of Disease
Introduction
Chapter 9 Cohort Studies
Design of a Cohort Study
Comparing Cohort Studies with Randomized Trials
Selection of Study Populations
Types of Cohort Studies
Examples of Cohort Studies
Cohort Studies for Investigating Childhood Health and Disease
Potential Biases in Cohort StudiesWhen is a Cohort Study Warranted?
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 9
Chapter 10 Case-Control and Other Study Designs
Design of a Case-Control Study
Potential Biases in Case-Control Studies
Other Issues in Case-Control Studies
When is a Case-Control Study Warranted?
Case-Control Studies Based in a Defined Cohort
Other Study Designs
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 10
Chapter 11 Estimating Risk
Absolute Risk
How Do We Determine Whether a Certain Disease is Associated with a Certain
Exposure?
Relative Risk
The Odds Ratio (Relative Odds)
Conclusion
Reference
Review Questions for Chapter 11
Appendix to Chapter 11
Chapter 12 More on Risk
Attributable Risk
Comparison of Relative Risk and Attributable Risk
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 12Appendix to Chapter 12: Levin's Formula for the Attributable Risk for the Total
Population
Chapter 13 A Pause for Review
Chapter 14 From Association to Causation
Approaches for Studying Disease Etiology
Types of Associations
Types of Causal Relationships
Evidence for a Causal Relationship
Guidelines for Judging Whether an Observed Association is Causal
Deriving Causal Inferences: Two Examples
Modifications of the Guidelines for Causal Inferences
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 14
Chapter 15 More on Causal Inferences
Bias
Confounding
Interaction
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 15
Chapter 16 Identifying the Roles of Genetic and Environmental Factors in Disease
Causation
Association with Known Genetic Diseases
Genetic Advances and Their Relationship to Epidemiologic Approaches
The Importance of Epidemiologic Approaches in Applying Genetic Methods to
Human Disease
Age at Onset
Family StudiesTime Trends in Disease Incidence
International Studies
Interaction of Genetic and Environmental Factors
Prospects for the Future
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 16
Section 3 Applying Epidemiology to Evaluation and Policy
Introduction
Chapter 17 Using Epidemiology to Evaluate Health Services
Studies of Process and Outcome
Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Efficiency
Measures of Outcome
Comparing Epidemiologic Studies of Disease Etiology and Epidemiologic Research
Evaluating Effectiveness of Health Services
Evaluation Using Group Data
Evaluation Using Individual Data
Conclusion
References
Review Questions for Chapter 17
Chapter 18 The Epidemiologic Approach to Evaluating Screening Programs
The Natural History of Disease
The Pattern of Disease Progression
Methodologic Issues
Study Designs for Evaluating Screening: Nonrandomized and Randomized Studies
Problems in Assessing the Sensitivity and Specificity of Screening Tests
Interpreting Study Results That Show No Benefit of Screening
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Screening
ConclusionReferences
Review Questions for Chapter 18
Chapter 19 Epidemiology and Public Policy
Epidemiology and Prevention
Population approaches Versus High-Risk Approaches to Prevention
Epidemiology and Clinical Medicine: Hormone Replacement Therapy in
Postmenopausal Women
Risk Assessment
Meta-Analysis
Publication Bias
Epidemiology in the Courts
Sources and Impact of Uncertainty
Policy Issues Regarding Risk: What Should the Objectives Be?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20 Ethical and Professional Issues in Epidemiology
Ethical Issues in Epidemiology
Investigators' Obligations to Study Subjects
Protecting Privacy and Confidentiality
Access to Data
Race and Ethnicity in Epidemiologic Studies
Conflict of Interest
Interpreting Findings
Conclusion
References
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapters 7 and 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapters 19 and 20
IndexCopyright
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EPIDEMIOLOGY, FIFTH EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4557-3733-8
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