Functional and GI Motility Disorders

Description

The clinical problems and dilemmas which the busy clinician encounters on a daily basis are the main focus of this publication. Emphasizing a clinical rather than a pathophysiological approach to problems, it facilitates access and helps the practicing clinician to develop an effective and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, clinically important aspects of pathophysiology are also dealt with in detail when called for. A variety of scenarios that are especially relevant to modern medical practice, such as the intensive care unit, are taken into account. A group of internationally renowned experts guides the reader through the broad variety of diagnostic options available to assist in the assessment of symptoms originating anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, from the esophagus to the anus, and, in each instance, every effort is made to critically appraise the technology discussed. Moreover, general overviews of broadly relevant therapeutic approaches are also provided.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 25 mars 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318025798
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Functional and GI Motility Disorders
Frontiers of Gastrointestinal Research
Vol. 33
Series Editor
Choitsu Sakamoto Tokyo
Functional and GI Motility Disorders
Volume Editors
Eamonn M.M. Quigley Houston, Tex.
Michio Hongo Kurokawa
Shin Fukudo Sendai
17 figures, 6 in color, and 10 tables, 2014
Frontiers of Gastrointestinal Research
_______________________ Eamonn M.M. Quigley, MD, FRCP, FACP, FACG, FRCPI Division of Gastroenterology The Methodist Hospital Houston, Texas 77030 (USA)
_______________________ Michio Hongo, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus, Tohoku University Executive Director, Kurokawa General Hospital Kurokawa, Miyagi 981-3682 (Japan)
_______________________ Dr. Shin Fukudo Department of Behavioral Medicine Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai 980-8575 (Japan)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Functional and GI motility disorders/volume editors, Eamonn M.M. Quigley, Michio Hongo, Shin Fukudo.
p.;cm. –– (Frontiers of gastrointestinal research, ISSN 0302-0665; vol. 33)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-318-02578-1 (alk. paper: hard cover) –– ISBN 978-3-318-02579-8 (e-book)
I. Quigley, Eamonn M. M., editor of compilation. II. Hongo, Michio, editor of compilation. III. Fukudo, Shin, editor of compilation. IV. Series: Frontiers of gastrointestinal research; v. 33.0302-0665
[DNLM: 1. Gastrointestinal Diseases. 2. Gastrointestinal Motility. W1 FR946E v.33 2013/WI 140]
RC802
616.3’3-dc23
2013048634
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2014 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Stückle Druck, Ettenheim
ISSN 0302-0665
e-ISSN 1622-3754
ISBN 978-3-318-02578-1
e-ISBN 978-3-318-02579-8
Contents
Preface
Quigley, E.M.M. (Houston, Tex.)
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Swallowing Dysfunction
Sifrim, D. (London); Vilardell, N. (Mataró); Clavé, P. (Mataró/Barcelona)
Nonobstructive Dysphagia
Hongo, M. (Sendai/Taiwa); Shoji, T.; Endo, Y. (Sendai)
Gastroparesis
Parkman, H.P. (Philadelphia, Pa.)
The Role of Gastric Sensorineural Dysfunction in Functional Dyspepsia
Tack, J. (Leuven)
Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction: A Neuropathological Approach
De Giorgio, R.; Boschetti, E.; Bianco, F.; Cogliandro, R.F.; Volta, U.; Caio, G.; Corinaldesi, R.; Stanghellini, V. (Bologna)
Small Intestinal Dysmotility, Its Role in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: Assessment and Management
Quigley, E.M.M. (Houston, Tex.)
When and How Should We Study Colonic Motility?
Fukudo, S.; Machida, T.; Endo, Y.; Shoji, T.; Kano, M.; Kanazawa, M. (Sendai)
Difficult Defecation: What Really Helps to Assess Dysfunction and Guide Therapy
Corazziari, E.S. (Roma)
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: The Mind-Body Dimension
Van Oudenhove, L. (Leuven)
The Role of Psychosocial Factors in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Lackner, J.M. (Buffalo, N.Y.)
The Pharmacology of the Gut-Brain Axis: Prospects for Future Therapeutic Progress?
Gabbard, S.; Lacy, B.E. (Lebanon, N.H.)
Specific Clinical Contexts - Part 1: The Intensive Care Unit
Quigley, E.M.M. (Houston, Tex.)
Specific Clinical Contexts - Part 2: The Patient with Neurological Disease
Choi, M.-G. (Seoul)
Specific Clinical Contexts - Part 3: The Child with Neurodevelopmental Delay
Carvalho, R.; Di Lorenzo, C. (Columbus, Ohio)
Specific Clinical Contexts - Part 4: The Postoperative Patient
Bassotti, G. (Perugia); Villanacci, V. (Brescia); Battaglia, E. (Asti); Maurer, C.A. (Liestal)
Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
Though they represent some of the most common disorders seen in clinical practice among both children and adults, what are commonly referred to as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) remain poorly understood and represent a considerable challenge for the clinician and the researcher alike. Disorders of gastrointestinal motility are more discrete and better defined but suffer from a paucity of effective therapeutic options. For historical reasons FGIDs and motility disorders are often bracketed together and, while dysmotility may certainly be a factor in the genesis of symptoms in a variety of FGIDs, other factors ranging from visceral sensation to autonomic dysfunction and cerebral representation of visceral events, for example, may also be operative in the FGIDs. Consequently, some have proposed a variety of other terms to encompass the FGIDs within a more pathophysiological framework, such as enteric neurosensory or visceral sensorimotor disorders. None has gained widespread acceptance as yet and, for now, the FGIDs continue as symptom-based disorders of uncertain etiology. The broader term ‘neurogastroenterology’ certainly encompasses most aspects of both motility and FGID’s and has been widely adopted to describe the field of study that relates to these diverse entities. Why, then, is this book called ‘Functional and Motility Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract’ and not ‘Neurogastroenterology’? The answer is a simple one and relates to the basic purpose of this volume, which is to be clinical in focus. Thus, the title and each of the chapters that comprise the book emphasizes a clinical rather than a pathophysiological approach to problems, be they functional or motility in nature or lie somewhere in between. This is not to denigrate pathophysiology but rather to facilitate access for the practicing clinician; a reader who will readily identify clinical problems be they symptom-based, such as dysphagia or difficult defecation or contextual such as the problems that arise in the intensive care unit or post-operatively. Indeed, clinically important aspects of pathophysiology are dealt with in detail in contribution such as ‘Psycho-social aspects of functional gastrointestinal disorders’.
To achieve these goals we have assembled an all-star cast of internationally renowned experts in their given areas; where appropriate, diagnosis and management are dealt with in relation to a given clinical problem and general overviews of broadly relevant therapeutic approaches are also provided.
We believe that this book will be a valuable companion to the busy clinician as he or she struggles with challenging diagnostic and therapeutic issues and that it also provides a guide, for the clinical investigator, to the many questions that remain unanswered.
Eamonn M.M. Quigley , Houston, Tex.
 
Quigley EMM, Hongo M, Fukudo S (eds): Functional and GI Motility Disorders. Front Gastrointest Res. Basel, Karger, 2014, vol 33, pp 1-13 (DOI: 10.1159/000356730)
______________________
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Swallowing Dysfunction
Daniel Sifrim a Natàlia Vilardell b Pere Clavé b , c
a Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; b Unitat d'Exploracions Funcionals Digestives, Department of Surgery, Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Mataró, and c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
______________________
Abstract
Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a disorder causing difficulty to form or move the alimentary bolus safely from the mouth to the esophagus. The three main populations at risk for OD are the elderly, patients with neurological diseases, and patients with head and neck diseases. OD may cause severe complications such as malnutrition and/or dehydration, choking and tracheobronchial aspiration which results in aspiration pneumonia with high mortality rates. OD may be caused by inability to mix the bolus and position it on the tongue in the oral phase. In the pharyngeal phase, OD is caused by delayed, prolonged or uncoordin