Global Landscape of Nutrition Challenges in Infants and Children

Description

Malnutrition among children remains a persistent problem around the world. This publication aims to map the challenges within the global landscape of childhood nutrition and considers the importance of nutrition both prior to conception and in children beyond two years of age. Session I provides an updated picture of malnutrition around the world, the recent progress that has been made in eliminating malnutrition in all its forms and several data limitations to track such progress. The role of milk in early life is covered in session II. The chapters describe different aspects of cow’s milk and the possible role of optimized plant proteins as an alternative to dairy ingredients in treating children with severe acute malnutrition. Session III considers the ramifications of environmental constraints to healthy child growth. The chapters cover the issue of how persistent gut damage and systemic inflammation can precipitate malnutrition as well as the putative effects of alterations in the gut microbiota. This overview of diverse issues is relevant to the epidemiology, biology of nutrition in early life, programmatic implications, and future directions.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 28 janvier 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318066494
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Global Landscape of Nutrition Challenges in Infants and Children
Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series
Vol. 93
 
Global Landscape of Nutrition Challenges in Infants and Children
Editors
Kim F. Michaelsen Copenhagen
Lynnette M. Neufeld Geneva
Andrew M. Prentice Banjul
© 2020 Nestlé Nutrition Institute, Switzerland CH 1814 La Tour-de-Peilz S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Nestlé Nutrition Workshop (93rd : 2019 : Kolkata, India), author. | Michaelsen, Kim Fleischer, editor. | Neufeld, Lynnette M., editor. | Prentice, Andrew, editor. | Nestlé Nutrition Institute, issuing body.
Title: Global landscape of nutrition challenges in infants and children / editors, Kim F. Michaelsen, Lynnette M. Neufeld, Andrew M. Prentice.
Other titles: Nestlé Nutrition Institute workshop series; v. 93. 1664-2147
Description: Basel; New York : Karger; Switzerland : Nestlé Nutrition Institute, [2020] | Series: Nestlé Nutrition Institute workshop series, 1664-2147; vol. 93 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book covers learning from the 93rd Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series held in March 2019, which focused on infants and children, specifically the importance of nutrition both prior to conception and in children beyond two years of age. Three sessions covered an updated picture of global malnutrition, the role of milk in early life, and the ramifications of environmental constraints to healthy child growth. Taken together, the three sessions provide an update and overview of diverse issues relevant to the epidemiology and biology of nutrition in early life, programmatic implications, and future directions”-- Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019058457 (print) | LCCN 2019058458 (ebook) | ISBN 9783318066487 (hardcover; alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318066494 (ebook)
Subjects: MESH: Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena | Global Health | Child | Infant | Congress
Classification: LCC RJ206 (print) | LCC RJ206 (ebook) | NLM W1 NE228D v.93 2020 | DDC 362.19892--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019058457
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019058458
The material contained in this volume was submitted as previously unpublished material, except in the instances in which credit has been given to the source from which some of the illustrative material was derived.
Great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of the information contained in the volume. However, neither Nestlé Nutrition Institute nor S. Karger AG can be held responsible for errors or for any consequences arising from the use of the information contained herein.
© 2020 Nestlé Nutrition Institute (Switzerland) and S. Karger AG, Basel (Switzerland). All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher.
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISBN 978–3–318–06648–7
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06649–4
ISSN 1664–2147
e-ISSN 1664–2155
 
Contents
Preface
Foreword
Contributors
Pediatric Nutrition: Challenges and Approaches to Address Them
Global Landscape of Malnutrition in Infants and Young Children
Neufeld, L.M.; Beal, T. (Switzerland); Larson, L.M. (Australia); Cattaneo, F.D. (Switzerland)
When Does It All Begin: What, When, and How Young Children Are Fed
Bentley, M.E.; Nulty, A.K. (USA)
Improving Children’s Diet: Approach and Progress
Ramakrishnan, U.; Webb Girard, A. (USA)
The Importance of Food Composition Data for Estimating Micronutrient Intake: What Do We Know Now and into the Future?
Grande, F. (Brazil); Vincent, A. (Australia)
Balancing Safety and Potential for Impact in Universal Iron Interventions
Baldi, A.J.; Larson, L.M.; Pasricha, S.-R. (Australia)
Summary on Pediatric Nutrition: Challenges and Approaches to Address Them
Neufeld, L.M. (Switzerland)
Role of Milk in Early Life
Human Milk as the First Source of Micronutrients
Allen, L.H.; Hampel, D. (USA)
Role of Milk and Dairy Products in Growth of the Child
Grenov, B.; Larnkjær, A.; Mølgaard, C.; Michaelsen, K.F. (Denmark)
Vitamin B12: An Intergenerational Story
Chittaranjan, Y. (India)
Vegan Diet in Young Children
Müller, P. (Switzerland)
Role of Optimized Plant Protein Combinations as a Low-Cost Alternative to Dairy Ingredients in Foods for Prevention and Treatment of Moderate Acute Malnutrition and Severe Acute Malnutrition
Manary, M.; Callaghan-Gillespie, M. (USA)
Summary on the Role of Milk in Early Life
Michaelsen, K.F. (Denmark)
Environmental Impacts on Nutrition
Environmental and Physiological Barriers to Child Growth and Development
Prentice, A.M. (The Gambia)
The Gut Microbiome in Child Malnutrition
Robertson, R.C. (UK)
Intergenerational Influences on Child Development: An Epigenetic Perspective
Silver, M.J. (UK)
Summarizing the Child Growth and Diarrhea Findings of the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Benefits and Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy Trials
Makasi, R.R. (Zimbabwe); Humphrey, J.H. (Zimbabwe/USA)
Summary of Environmental Impacts on Nutrition
Prentice, A.M. (The Gambia)
Subject Index
For more information on related publications, please consult the NNI website: www.nestlenutrition-institute.org
 
Preface
Previous Nestlé Nutrition Institute (NNI) Workshops have covered the role of nutrition in health and disease at all stages of the life cycle. Proceedings and webcasts of all these workshops are freely available via the NNI website at www.nestlenutrition-institute.org .
Unsurprisingly, there has been a particular emphasis on the nutrition of mothers and young children with the “First 1,000 days” since this is a crucial period of early development that lays the foundation for a child’s lifelong health. Relating to this period, recent workshops have focused on human milk (NNIW90), on complementary feeding (NNIW87), on protein in neonatal and infant nutrition (NNIW86), and on the low-birth weight baby – “Born too soon or too small” (NNIW81).
This 93rd workshop in the series sought to open the aperture around the first 1,000 days and considered the importance of nutrition both prior to conception and in children beyond 2 years of age. The phrase “Global Landscape” in the title was intended to capture the 2 possible meanings of global; the geographical meaning and the “holistic” meaning in which the program covered diverse aspects of the nutritional landscape as well as the nonnutritional environmental challenges faced by so many mothers and children.
Session I provides an updated picture of malnutrition around the world, the recent progress that has been made in eliminating malnutrition in all its forms and several data limitations to track such progress. It focuses on the residual challenges facing governments and civil society as we seek to eliminate poverty-associated malnutrition, without escalating the rates of obesity. Patterns of how and what children eat as they pass through their early life stages are described, as well as the challenges of improving children’s diets in settings worldwide and against the limitations imposed by poverty and by parents’ poor knowledge of the principles of nutrition. The importance of accurate and comprehensive food composition data to enable reliable estimates of nutrient intakes is also covered with a strong emphasis on future methodological advances and the unique challenges of micronutrients. The final chapter provides a case study on how we balance the risks and benefits of micronutrient interventions with a special focus on the most challenging of nutrients – iron – that has huge benefits but possible risks in terms of promoting infections.
Session II covers different aspects of the role of milk in early life. New worldwide research on the determinants and content of micronutrients in human milk is described. The following chapters cover different aspects of cow’s milk with a chapter on how it influences growth with a focus on linear growth. Cow’s milk is an important source of vitamin B12, and the consequences and recommendations regarding a vegan diet without milk are presented. Low vitamin B12 levels are found in diets of many rural Indian populations and the effects through the life course was the next chapter. The session closes with a chapter on the possible role of optimized plant proteins as an alternative to dairy ingredients in treating children with severe acute malnutrition.
Session III widens the aperture still further by considering the ramifications of environmental constraints to healthy child growth. The chapters cover the issue of how persistent gut damage and systemic inflammation can precipitate malnutrition as well as the putative effects of alterations in the gut microbiota. There has, for many years, been great interest in the possibility that growth and health in one generation might be influenced by the health of our forebears in previous generations. This question is covered from an epigenetic perspective that examines how epigenetic mechanisms mediate intergenerational effects