Immuno-Oncology

Description

Over the last decade, immuno-oncology has witnessed an astonishing pace of discovery and innovation translating into unprecedented successes in the clinical setting, arguably representing one of the most profound and transforming revolution in the history of cancer therapy. This book provides a concise and accurate outline of the main developments in major tumor types including melanoma, lung, breast, brain and renal cell cancers. In addition, transversal chapters that describe the commonalities of some of the therapeutic strategies are provided to cover topics like immune checkpoint biology, T cell engineering or rational combination therapies. Each chapter has been authored by senior key opinion leaders in their respective fields to provide the most up-to-date view on cancer immuno-oncology. To reflect on the key translational aspect of immuno-oncology, all chapters are making explicit connections between basic science discoveries and the resulting translational therapeutic strategies. Immuno-Oncology will be an invaluable source of information for scientists interested in the translation of basic immunology into the clinical practice, as well as for clinician interested in deepening their knowledge of current and upcoming immune strategies in the fight against cancers.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 09 septembre 2015
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318055900
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Immuno-Oncology
Progress in Tumor Research
Vol. 42
Series Editors
Rolf A. Stahel Zurich
Solange Peters Lausanne
Immuno-Oncology
Volume Editors
Olivier Michielin Lausanne
George Coukos Lausanne
8 figures, 5 in color, and 11 tables, 2015
Progress in Tumor Research Formerly published as ‘Progress in Experimental Tumor Research’
_______________________ Olivier Michielin, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Oncology University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) Ludwig Cancer Research Center University of Lausanne Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne Rue du Bugnon 46 - BH09-733 CASE POSTALE 5 1011 Lausanne (Switzerland)
_______________________ George Coukos, MD, PhD Professor Director, Department of Oncology University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV) Director, Ludwig Cancer Research Center University of Lausanne Rue du Bugnon 46 - BH09-701 CASE POSTALE 5 1011 Lausanne (Switzerland)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Immuno-oncology / volume editors, Olivier Michielin, George Coukos.
p. ; cm. -- (Progress in tumor research, ISSN 2296-1895 ; vol. 42)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-318-05589-4 (hard cover: alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-3-318-05590-0 (electronic version)
I. Michielin, Olivier, editor. II. Coukos, George, editor. III. Series:
Progress in tumor research ; v. 42. 2296-1895
[DNLM: 1. Immunotherapy--methods. 2. Neoplasms--therapy. W1 PR668T v.42 2015 /QZ 266]
RM370
615.3’7--dc23
2015028888
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® .
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2015 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Kraft Druck, Ettlingen
ISSN 2296-1895
e-ISSN 2296-1887
ISBN 978-3-318-05589-4
e-ISBN 978-3-318-05590-0
Contents
Preface
Michielin, O.; Coukos, G. (Lausanne)
Immunotherapies in Early and Advanced Renal Cell Cancer
Kasenda, B.; Larkin, J.; Gore, M. (London)
Immunotherapy of Brain Tumors
Dutoit, V.; Migliorini, D.; Walker, P.R.; Dietrich, P.-Y. (Geneva)
Immunotherapy of Melanoma
Snyder, A.; Zamarin, D.; Wolchok, J.D. (New York, N.Y.)
Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer
Criscitiello, C.; Curigliano, G. (Milan)
Current Developments in Actively Personalized Cancer Vaccination with a Focus on RNA as the Drug Format
Diken, M.; Kreiter, S.; Kloke, B.; Sahin, U. (Mainz)
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Haanen, J.B.A.G. (Amsterdam); Robert, C. (Villejuif)
Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy: Improving Cancer Treatment through Synergy
Reynders, K.; De Ruysscher, D. (Leuven)
Combinations Therapies
Reinmuth, N.; Reck, M. (Heidelberg)
Promise of Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer
Shanker, A. (Nashville, Tenn.); Dikov, M.M.; Carbone, D.P. (Columbus, Ohio)
T Cell Engineering
Pircher, M. (Zurich); Schirrmann, T. (Braunschweig); Petrausch, U. (Zurich)
Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
Over the last decade, immuno-oncology has witnessed an astonishing pace of discovery and innovation translating into unprecedented successes in the clinical setting, arguably representing one of the most profound and transforming revolution in the history of cancer therapy. A key aspect of this growing success is the path that led us there. Rather than empirical, rationally designed and molecularly defined clinical interventions from sound basic, translational and clinical research, paved the way up to drug registration. This rational approach holds the promise of further new exciting breakthroughs originating from ongoing research and discoveries that have not yet reached the clinic.
In this book, we will provide a concise, yet very accurate outline of the main developments in major tumor types including melanoma, lung, breast, brain and renal cell cancers. In addition, transversal Chapters that describe the commonalities of some of the therapeutic strategies are provided to cover topics like immune checkpoint biology, T cell engineering or rational combination therapies. Each Chapter has been authored by senior key opinion leaders in their respective fields to provide the most up-to-date view on cancer immuno-oncology. To reflect on the key translational aspect of immuno-oncology, all chapters are making explicit connections between basic science discoveries and the resulting translational therapeutic strategies.
We believe this book will be an invaluable source of information for scientists interested into the translation of basic immunology into the clinical practice, as well as for clinician interested in deepening their knowledge of current and upcoming immune strategies in the fight against cancers.
We hope the reader will share our enthusiasm for this field of research and certainly wish him an enjoyable reading!
Olivier Michielin, Lausanne George Coukos, Lausanne
Michielin O, Coukos G (eds): Immuno-Oncology. Prog Tumor Res. Basel, Karger, 2015, vol 42, pp 1-10 (DOI: 10.1159/000436988)
______________________
Immunotherapies in Early and Advanced Renal Cell Cancer
Benjamin Kasenda James Larkin Martin Gore
Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
______________________
Abstract
The development of new immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies targeting the CTLA-4 or PD-1 axis has led to a revival of research on immunotherapies in solid tumours including renal cell cancer (RCC). The initial results observed with these monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of advanced melanoma have resulted in considerable interest in this treatment strategy in all tumour types. Preliminary data of these new antibodies in advanced RCC are promising and they have good safety profiles. Response rates are low but durable tumour control has been observed in some patients. However, at the moment there is no evidence that targeting the CTLA-4 or PD-1 axis provides a substantial clinical benefit compared to established treatment with tyrosine kinase or mTOR inhibitors. There are also no reliable predictive markers. At the moment, several randomised trials have been initiated to investigate the new immunomodulatory antibodies either as single agents or in combination with anti-VEGF targeted therapy. Vaccines have continued to be investigated in advanced and adjuvant settings. No trial has so far established vaccines as a standard treatment in either situation. There are still large randomised trials ongoing investigating the potential benefit of a vaccine in combination with standard tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. In this chapter we will summarise selected studies on immunotherapy in advanced RCC with a focus on anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. We will also touch briefly on the adjuvant situation and tumour vaccines.
© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors are now considered standard treatment in advanced or metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) [ 1 ]. Previously, in Europe immunotherapy with interferon-alpha (IFN-α) was the standard treatment for advanced renal cancer, and in the USA interleukin-2 (IL-2) was used in fit patients. Treatment with IFN-α was based on several randomised trials [ 2 - 4 ] and a Cochrane meta-analysis from 2006 which confirmed a statistically significant survival benefit for IFN-α (OR for death at 1 year = 0.56, 95% CI 0.40-0.77) compared to non-immunotherapies [ 5 ]. The absolute survival benefit was about 15% at 1 year with an increase in median survival benefit in the region of 4 months. Studies of IL-2 suggested that treatment with high-dose (HD) intravenous schedules could lead to durable remission rates in 5-10% of patients [ 6 - 9 ], but there was no advantage based on randomised comparisons to controls not receiving HD IL-2. A randomised trial was conducted to test whether the combination of IFN-α, low-dose IL-2 and 5-fluorouracil is superior to IFN-α alone. The response rate in the combination arm was higher (23 vs. 16%), but there was no difference in progression-free (PFS) or overall survival (OS) [