Lung Cancer, An Issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine

Richard A. Matthay, Lynn T. Tanoue

Description

Carcinoma of the lung is one of the most prevalent and aggressive types of cancer, and rates of lung cancer are on the rise. This issue gives a comprehensive review of the most recent advances in Lung Cancer. Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of lung cancer is first discussed, followed by articles on pre-invasive evaluation and management, screening, pathology and molecular biology. There is an article on the approach to the ground glass nodule. Of great importance is the revised staging classification of Lung Cancer, which is discussed here in detail. Articles on PET imaging, interventional pulmonary, and functional evaluation before Lung Resection are also included. The issue then focuses on advances in treatment for early stage lung cancer, high risk patients with early stage lung cancer, advances in the treatment of Advanced Stage Lung Cancer, Small Cell Lung Cancer, and gene therapy for lung neoplasms.

Sujets

• Thoracic Medicine
• Pulmonary Medicine
• Medical
• Médecine

Informations

• Publié par: Saunders
• Date de parution: 28 décembre 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• EAN13: 9781455709717
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Clinics in Chest Medicine , Vol. 32, No. 4, December 2011
ISSN: 0272-5231
doi: 10.1016/S0272-5231(11)00099-2

Contributors
Clinics in Chest Medicine
Lung Cancer
Lynn T. Tanoue, MD
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 200 South Frontage Road, LCI 106A, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Richard A. Matthay, MD
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 200 South Frontage Road, LCI 105E, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
ISSN  0272-5231
Volume 32 • Number 4 • December 2011

Contents
Cover
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Preface
Dedication
Lung Cancer: Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention
Preventing Lung Cancer by Treating Tobacco Dependence
Screening for Lung Cancer
Pathology of Lung Cancer
Preinvasive Lesions of the Bronchus
Molecular Biology of Lung Cancer: Clinical Implications
The Revised Stage Classification System for Primary Lung Cancer
The Use and Misuse of Positron Emission Tomography in Lung Cancer Evaluation
The Pulmonologist’s Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions in Lung Cancer
Functional Evaluation before Lung Resection
Evaluation and Treatment of High-Risk Patients with Early-Stage Lung Cancer
Approach to the Ground-Glass Nodule
Additional Pulmonary Nodules in the Patient with Lung Cancer: Controversies and Challenges
A Decade of Advances in Treatment of Early-Stage Lung Cancer
A Decade of Advances in Treatment for Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Current Management of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Gene Therapy for Lung Neoplasms
Index
Clinics in Chest Medicine , Vol. 32, No. 4, December 2011
ISSN: 0272-5231
doi: 10.1016/S0272-5231(11)00101-8

Forthcoming Issues
Clinics in Chest Medicine , Vol. 32, No. 4, December 2011
ISSN: 0272-5231
doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2011.08.016

Preface

Lynn T. Tanoue, MD
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 200 South Frontage Road, LCI 106A, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
E-mail address: [e-mail]
E-mail address: [e-mail]

Richard A. Matthay, MD
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 200 South Frontage Road, LCI 105E, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
E-mail address: [e-mail]
E-mail address: [e-mail]
Carcinoma of the lung is one of the most prevalent and aggressive types of cancer. It is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and worldwide. Siegel and colleagues at the American Cancer Society estimated that in 2011 in the United States there would be 221,130 new cases of lung cancer and 156,940 deaths from lung cancer. Fortunately, however, lung cancer death rates in women in the United States decreased for the first time during the years 2003 to 2007, more than a decade after decreasing in men.
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, with more than 85% of cases being caused by cigarette smoking. Approximately 94 million Americans are current or former smokers. Fifty percent of lung cancer is found in formers smokers. In Europe, Asia, and many undeveloped countries, smoking rates remain high or have even increased. Throughout Asia, cigarette smoking among women, once taboo, is becoming more prevalent.
Three previous issues of Clinics in Chest Medicine (1982, 1993, and 2002) were devoted to lung cancer. This issue contains 17 articles by 43 authors from 12 institutions. Nine of the current authors also contributed to the 2002 issue—Drs Albelda, Bolliger, Ebbert, Hurt, Lynch, Matthay, Minna, Tanoue, and Travis. As guest editors, we have selected articles highlighting recent advances in lung cancer epidemiology, etiology, prevention, screening, pathology, molecular biology, staging, diagnosis, and treatment. In the first article, Drs Dela Cruz, Tanoue, and Matthay extensively review the epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of lung cancer. They focus on such etiologic factors as tobacco and other environmental exposures, genetic predisposition, gender, race, ethnicity, and age. In the next article, Dr Hurt and colleagues discuss the neurobiology of nicotine dependence, review pharmacologic therapy for tobacco dependence, and challenge clinicians to learn to recognize and treat nicotine dependence. In the following article, Dr Midthun details the recent positive results of the National Cancer Institute−sponsored trial of screening for lung cancer and discusses the study’s implications for clinicians.
In an update on the pathology of lung cancer, Dr Travis highlights the ASLC/ATS/ERS Lung Adenocarcinoma Classification published in 2011 and provides a detailed overview of the current concepts in pathologic classification of lung cancer.
Dr Rivera focuses on preinvasive lesions of the bronchus. She elucidates their prevalence and natural history, their distinctive genetic alterations, and techniques for diagnosing and treating these premalignant lesions. Drs Larsen and Minna extensively review the state of the art in the biology of lung cancer and its clinical implications. They emphasize the clinical, biological, histological, and molecular heterogeneity of lung cancer. Their review brings readers up to date on the current understanding of the molecular causes of this heterogeneity. They outline multiple significant genetic alterations known to be involved in the initiation and/or progression of lung cancer. Continued development of targeted therapies for lung cancer depends on increased understanding of involved molecules and pathways.
Dr Boffa discusses in detail the 7th revised edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer lung cancer stage classification, the result of a global staging project organized through the International Assocation for the Study of Lung Cancer. This revised staging classification refines clinicians’ ability to estimate prognosis based on specific T, N, M staging determination.
Drs Chang, Rashtian, and Gould summarize the capabilities and limitations of positron emission tomography in lung cancer evaluation. Next, the current status of interventional pulmonology in the diagnosis and therapy of lung cancer is detailed by Drs Puchalski and Feller-Kopman. They clarify the role of endobronchial ultrasound, esophageal ultrasound, and electromagnetic navigation, respectively, for diagnosing and staging this disease. In addition, they cover therapeutic modalities, including topical therapies, such as laser, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation, cryotherapy, brachytherapy, and photodynamic therapy, as well as airway stenting.
Many patients with lung cancer are not candidates for lung resection because of such underlying comorbidities as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular diseases. Drs Von Groote-Bidlingmaier, Koegelenberg, and Bolliger outline the appropriate functional evaluation of patients before lung resection.
The final seven articles in this symposium address treatment of lung cancer. Dr Mehta and colleagues discuss treatment options for high-risk patients with early-stage lung cancer, focusing primarily on surgical options and radiation therapy, including stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Drs Detterbeck and Homer outline a systematic approach to ground glass nodules noted on the chest radiograph and/or chest CT scan. Drs Kim and Cooke elucidate the controversies and challenges in managing additional pulmonary nodules in patients with lung cancer. Dr Paoletti and colleagues summarize advances in treatment of early-stage lung cancer, including video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, SBRT, and radiofrequency ablation. Drs Gettinger and Lynch discuss impressive advances in treatment of advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer, including chemotherapy and such molecularly targeted agents as epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors. Drs Neal, Gubens, and Wakelee review advances in the management of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), pointing out that despite numerous clinical trials and excellent responses to first-line chemotherapy, there have been few substantial clinical advances in the treatment of extensive-stage SCLC over the past 30 years. Dr Vachani and colleagues conclude this symposium with a review of the clinical results, limitations, and future directions of gene therapy trials for thoracic malignancies.
We are deeply grateful to all of the contributors to this symposium, to Chuck Rossi for editorial assistance, and to Sarah Barth at Elsevier for her invaluable guidance and assistance.
This issue is dedicated to the outstanding clinician-academician Dorothy A. White, MD.
Clinics in Chest Medicine , Vol. 32, No. 4, December 2011
ISSN: 0272-5231
doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2011.08.015

Dedication

Lynn T. Tanoue, MD, Richard A. Matthay, MD


Dorothy A. White, MD
We dedicate this issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine to our friend and colleague, the outstanding physician and educator, Dorothy A. White, M.D. (1943–2010). Dr White received her medical degree at SUNY Downstate in 1977, followed by residency in internal medicine at New York Hospital (1977–1980). She was Chief Medical Resident at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City (1980–1981) before training in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Yale-New Haven Hospital (1982–1984). From 1984 until her death in 2010, Dr White was an attending physician at Memorial Hosp