Lymph Node FNC

P. Zeppa, I. Cozzolino

Description

This well-illustrated monograph presents a comprehensive description of Fine-Needle Cytology (FNC), including technical procedures and ancillary techniques, applied to the lymph node (LN). Possibilities and limitations are highlighted to produce accurate cytological diagnosis of LN and cytological criteria, and to be exploited for extra-nodal lymphoproliferative processes. The normal LN structure and corresponding cytological patterns are described. Cytological, phenotypical, and molecular features are reviewed along with diagnostic criteria for various medical conditions such as lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathies, Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pediatric lymphoadenopaties, immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, extra-nodal lymphoproliferative processes, metastases, and other non-lymphomatous processes. LN-FNC requires knowledge of hemathopathology and imaging techniques, as well as dexterity with FNC performing, smearing, and material management. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), the choice of ancillary techniques and molecular procedures case by case are required to produce accurate and comprehensive diagnosis. This book will help cytopathologists to conduct these tasks in various organs and clinical contexts. LN-FNC requires knowledge of hemathopathology and imaging techniques, as well as dexterity with FNC performing, smearing, and material management. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), the choice of ancillary techniques and molecular procedures case by case are required to produce accurate and comprehensive diagnosis. This book will help cytopathologists to conduct these tasks in various organs and clinical contexts.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 14 novembre 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318061154
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Lymph Node FNC
Monographs in Clinical Cytology
Vol. 23
Series Editor
Philippe Vielh Dudelange, Luxembourg
 
Pio Zeppa Salerno
Immacolata Cozzolino Naples
Lymph Node FNC
Cytopathology of Lymph Nodes and Extranodal
Lymphoproliferative Processes
106 figures, 105 in color, and 8 tables, 2018
Monographs in Clinical Cytology
Founded 1965 by Georg L. Wied, Chicago, IL
_______________________ Prof. Dr. Pio Zeppa Scuola Medica Salernitana Pathology and Cytopathology Unit University of Salerno IT–84100 Salerno (Italy)
_______________________ Dr. Immacolata Cozzolino Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit Universitá degli Studi della Campania ”Luigi Vanvitelli” IT–80131 Naples (Italy
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Zeppa, Pio, author. | Cozzolino, Immacolata, author.
Title: Lymph node FNC : lymph node cytopathology and extranodal lymphoproliferative processes / Pio Zeppa, Immacolata Cozzolino.
Other titles: Lymph node fine-needle cytology | Monographs in clinical cytology ; v. 23. 0077-0809
Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, [2018] | Series: Monographs in clinical cytology, ISSN 0077-0809 ; vol. 23 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017036928| ISBN 9783318061147 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318061154 (electronic version)
Subjects: | MESH: Lymphoproliferative Disorders--diagnosis | Lymph Nodes--cytology | Lymph Nodes--pathology | Biopsy, Fine-Needle--methods
Classification: LCC RC646 | NLM WH 700 | DDC 616.4/2075--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017036928
 
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® .
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2018 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISSN 0077–0809
ISBN 978–3–318–06114–7
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06115–4
 
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Historical Background, Clinical Applications, Controversies
Chapter 1
Fine-Needle Cytology: Technical Procedures and Ancillary Techniques
Chapter 2
Lymph Nodal Structure and Cytological Patterns
Chapter 3
Lymphadenitis and Lymphadenopathy
Chapter 4
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Chapter 5
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Chapter 6
Paediatric Lymphadenopathy
Chapter 7
Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Chapter 8
Extranodal Lymphoproliferative Processes
Chapter 9
Metastases
Chapter 10
Lymph Node Haematopoietic, Histiocytic, Dendritic Proliferations and Other Lymphoid Organs
Subject Index
 
Preface
 
Whereas fine-needle cytology (FNC) is a well-established diagnostic procedure, lymph node (LN) and lymphoproliferative processes remain the most controversial application of FNC. In times that may seem very distant to the new generations of pathologists, when “nodular” or “diffuse” were the diagnostic pillars of a lymphoma and “basal membrane or capsular invasion” the almost only affordable biological markers, distrust and scepticism towards LNFNC were almost consequential. Nonetheless, since the dawn of cytology, LN-FNC has always been requested by clinicians and mainly performed by cytopathologists who have always depended on excellent articles and books that explored and explained, in cytological terms, different and often complex lymphoproliferative processes.
In the last 50 years, pathology in general, and LN pathology overall, has undergone radical transformations, and diagnostic criteria have become less histological and more cytological, phenotypical, cytogenetical, and molecular. In the meantime, cytopathology has changed and cytopathologists have learned to apply the same ancillary techniques and procedures used in histopathology on FNC samples, including LNFNC. Consequently, clinicians and patients have gradually grown in confidence regarding LN-FNC. Nonetheless, LN-FNC is still something different – or something more than histopathology. Ancillary techniques are indispensable, but not sufficient for the ambitious task of producing diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information, both affordable and clinically suitable, from cells obtained easily, quickly, and inexpensively, as is the case with FNC. For this purpose, a cytopathologist devoted to LN-FNC should be acquainted with pathology and specifically haematopathology, including its clinical aspects, should have a basic knowledge of imaging techniques and good dexterity for performing FNC and smearing and material management. He or she should also be able to execute rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) and choose the most effective ancillary technique case by case. The cytopathologist has to thoroughly evaluate clinical data, cytological features, and the evidence from ancillary techniques to produce a timely and effective diagnostic report. Above all, the cytopathologist should realize the limits of LN-FNC and refrain from pushing the procedure beyond its own possibilities. Finally, cytopathologists should be aware that a FNC diagnosis fully confirmed by any ancillary technique but too much delayed may be useless.
Whereas fine-needle cytology (FNC) is a well-established diagnostic procedure, lymph node (LN) and lymphoproliferative processes remain the most controversial application of FNC. In times that may seem very distant to the new generations of pathologists, when “nodular” or “diffuse” were the diagnostic pillars of a lymphoma and “basal membrane or capsular invasion” the almost only affordable biological markers, distrust and scepticism towards LNFNC were almost consequential. Nonetheless, since the dawn of cytology, LN-FNC has always been requested by clinicians and mainly performed by cytopathologists who have always depended on excellent articles and books that explored and explained, in cytological terms, different and often complex lymphoproliferative processes.
Volume 18 in the Monographs in Clinical Cytology series ( FNA Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma by L. Skoog and E. Tani, 2009) is a sparkling example of the transformation of LN-FNC over time; starting from the solid foundation of clinical cytology, the authors applied immunocytochemistry and other ancillary techniques to cytological samples for clonality assessment and, more generally, for an accurate diagnosis and classification of different lymphoproliferative processes. Consequently, the gap between LN pathology and LN-FNC has been reduced, but the process of LN-FNC upgrading is far from complete. Recent decades have also seen the “molecular revolution” of pathology; molecular biology is going to redefine and reclassify traditional pathological entities, providing predictive information other than diagnostic and prognostic data by the application of extremely sophisticated procedures to the smallest samples. Cytopathology is involved in this new stimulating challenge and this edition of the book aims to update LN-FNC and provide basic support to cytopathologists along this uneasy and complex transformation.

Fig. 1 The commemorative photo, taken outside the outpatients office of the FNC service on the occasion of the 8th Course on Lymph Node Cytopathology, which was held in Naples in September 1990. From left to right: Giancarlo Troncone, Giuseppe Di Benedetto, Edneia Tani, Lambert Skoog, Pio Zeppa, Lucio Palombini, David Mason, and Franco Fulciniti.
In addition to the authors, different people, events, factors, and causalities contributed to the making of this monograph. Like the “dots” of Steve Jobs’ life reported in his “commencement address” (2005), they were hardly connectable looking forwards but we can connect the “dots” now, looking backwards, and we will briefly summarize them here. In 1977, Lucio Palombini spent a 6-month fellowship at the Cytopathology Service of the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, where he studied FNC i