Metabolism and Nutrition for the Surgical Patient, Part II, An Issue of Surgical Clinics

Stanley Dudrick

Description

This Surgical Clinics issue is Part 2 of a special two part issue on nutrition and metabolism of the surgical patient, co-guest edited by Dr. Stanley Dudrick, a pioneer in total parenteral nutrition. Part 2, guest edited by Dr. Dudrick and Dr. Juan Sanchez present topics on nutrition and metabolism for the chronically ill patient. Topics will include: nutrition management of acute and chronic pancreatitis, surgical treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus, nutrition management of geriatric surgical patients, nutrients, routes of delivery and immunocompetence, immunologic functions and aspects of the alimentary tract related to feeding, overview of enteral and parenteral feeding access techniques, dietary, metabolic and surgical management of obese patients, historical highlights of the development of total parenteral nutrition, nutrition support of patients with cardiovascular disease, genomic and epigenomic aspects of nutrition and metabolism in surgical patients, nutrition support of patients with inflammatory bowel disorders of the small intestine, colon and rectum, nutrition support of patients with cancer, home parenteral nutrition for intestinal failure, and more.

Sujets

• Medical
• Médecine
• Surgery

Informations

• Publié par: Saunders
• Date de parution: 28 août 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781455709281
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Surgical Clinics of North America , Vol. 91, No. 4, August 2011
ISSN: 0039-6109
doi: 10.1016/S0039-6109(11)00082-X

Contributors
Surgical Clinics of North America
Nutrition and Metabolism of the Surgical Patient, Part II
Stanley J. Dudrick, MD, FACS
Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, 56 Franklin Street, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
Juan A. Sanchez, MD, MPA, FACS
Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, 56 Franklin Street, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
Ronald F. Martin, MD
ISSN  0039-6109
Volume 91 • Number 4 • August 2011

Contents
Cover
Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Nutrition and Metabolism of the Surgical Patient, Part II
Nutrition and Metabolism of the Surgical Patient, Part II
Total Parenteral Nutrition and Cancer: From the Beginning
The Relationships of Nutrients, Routes of Delivery, and Immunocompetence
Nutrition and Gut Immunity
Contributions of Intestinal Bacteria to Nutrition and Metabolism in the Critically Ill
Nutritional Support of Surgical Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Nutritional Support in Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis
The Surgical Treatment of Type Two Diabetes Mellitus
Nutritional Support of the Obese and Critically Ill Obese Patient
Nutritional Considerations in Adult Cardiothoracic Surgical Patients
Nutrition Management of Geriatric Surgical Patients
Overview of Enteral and Parenteral Feeding Access Techniques: Principles and Practice
Home Parenteral Nutrition Support for Intestinal Failure
Nutritional Supplements in the Surgical Patient
Historical Highlights of the Development of Enteral Nutrition
Index
Surgical Clinics of North America , Vol. 91, No. 4, August 2011
ISSN: 0039-6109
doi: 10.1016/S0039-6109(11)00084-3

Forthcoming Issues
Surgical Clinics of North America , Vol. 91, No. 4, August 2011
ISSN: 0039-6109
doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2011.06.003

Foreword
Nutrition and Metabolism of the Surgical Patient, Part II

Ronald F. Martin, MD
Department of Surgery, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
E-mail address: [e-mail]
This issue of Surgical Clinics of North America will complete this two part series led by Drs Dudrick and Sanchez. The issues comprise expert, concise reviews by some of the thought leaders in our discipline. It is somewhat difficult to introduce a topic to the readership at the “intermission,” so perhaps it would be better to reflect on what the efforts that led us to these issues may have taught us beyond what we can read from the pages.
Science has a long history of allowing one to see further than others before by “standing on the shoulders of giants.” Ironically, that great line attributed to Newton, and quoted by so many, may have been intended as an insult to the short, physical stature of the Royal Astronomer during Newton’s time. Ironic backhanded compliments aside, it is generally accepted that many of the great developments are based on the foundations of discovery that precede our efforts. In the case of the development of our understanding of nutrition, this is clearly the case. In the particular case of total parenteral nutrition, not only did we need to develop an understanding of the fundamental building blocks of nutrition, but we also needed to develop a method of creating solutions that could be infused into a human safely and the technology to deliver them to the central circulation. For many of the people who worked in this field, not only did they expand the work of their predecessors but doggedly advanced contributions built on their previous advances. Nearly any of the independent developments that are covered in these two issues of the Clinics would be worthy of significant recognition.
Recognition for effort in surgery has been perhaps spotty. There are certainly examples of procedures that are credited to individuals that were well described years prior: the “Graham” patch leaps to mind as it first appeared in the United States literature 10 years after Cellen-Jones published his account in the British Journal of Surgery . There are probably many discoveries that were made by fellows, residents, junior staff people, and others that are credited to senior professors as well (not naming any names here). In the case of the development of surgical nutrition it is clear to me that Dr Stan Dudrick’s accomplishments are real and truly attributed to him. There is no doubt that he did not work alone in a vacuum but his lifetime of singular dedicated progress has fundamentally changed all of our understanding of nutrition. In my opinion, he is deserving of the highest recognition that can be awarded for his efforts.
I am reasonably confident that I shall not have any influence over the awarding of Nobel prizes, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, or knighthoods, but if I were to ever have such influence, I would suggest that Dr Dudrick be considered for any of these. For our part at the Clinics what we can offer Dr Dudrick is the opportunity and a platform to collect a group of experts to tell their story as they feel they should. It has been our very great honor to work with him and his colleagues. And as should be a lesson for all of us, by doing what we can for Drs Dudrick, Sanchez, and their colleagues, we find ourselves all the more enriched. These two issues of the Surgical Clinics should serve as a compendium that one can turn to for a very long time on matters of nutrition.
Surgical Clinics of North America , Vol. 91, No. 4, August 2011
ISSN: 0039-6109
doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2011.06.002

Preface
Nutrition and Metabolism of the Surgical Patient, Part II

Stanley J. Dudrick, MD
Chairman Emeritus and Program Director Emeritus, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, 56 Franklin Street, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
E-mail address: [e-mail]
E-mail address: [e-mail]

Juan A. Sanchez, MD
Chairman and Program Director, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, 56 Franklin Street, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
E-mail address: [e-mail]
E-mail address: [e-mail]

Stanley J. Dudrick, MD, Guest Editor
Juan A. Sanchez, MD, Guest Editor
This issue of Surgical Clinics of North America is the second volume of a two-part set devoted to nutrition and metabolism of surgical patients, and represents a compilation of topics covering a broad range of important clinical information gleaned from basic and clinical investigators throughout the world by an expert group of authors who have contributed throughout their professional careers to this vital field of endeavor. We are most grateful for the knowledge, experience, expertise, judgment, and wisdom, which they have been willing to share with us unselfishly and collegially in our mutual efforts to advance and optimize the art and science of nutritional support in the comprehensive management of surgical patients. What a privilege it has been to be able to cooperate, collaborate, and communicate with so many colleagues in the greater medical and surgical community throughout the past several decades, but especially with our author-partners in this venture, who have all made unique scientific contributions during this special period of extraordinary and unprecedented discovery and advancement in virtually every aspect of basic and clinical surgical research. Our mutual rewards have been to experience the joy and satisfaction of the effective practical translation of the newly acquired knowledge and technology to the solution or amelioration of difficult and complex patient problems.
The current strategies of comprehensive nutritional and metabolic support of the entire patient generally, and of the primary organ systems specifically, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary/respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepato-pancreatic, renal, endocrine, and central nervous system, must continue to progress and advance further to the cellular and subcellular levels if the ultimate goal of providing optimal nutritional, metabolic, immunologic, neuroendocrine, pharmacologic, and interventional support for all patients under all conditions at all times is to be fully realized. The countless intricate relationships among the multiple nutrient substrates, body composition and performance, cellular and molecular biology, immunology (immunoaugmentation and immunosuppression), and human genomics and epigenomics; and their identification, classification, understanding, and potential beneficial applications to the management of complex and/or critically ill patients have undoubtedly presented new and greatly expanded frontiers for basic and clinical investigation throughout this 21st century and beyond. In part, this volume reports upon the progress of these promising possibilities and demonstrates clearly that knowledge of, and the judicious practice of, clinical nutrition and metabolism require the most sophisticated integration of clinical skills and acumen with the basic science disciplines of biology, chemistry, physics, immunology, genomics, pharmacology, interventional therapeutics, and hybrids of these fundamental disciplines. Measures for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with all major pathophysiologic conditions, and their management by improving the nutritional and metabolic status of patients, have expanded vastly from the simple peripheral intravenous infusion of isotonic carbohydrate, electrolyte, and water-soluble vitamin solutions to the complex and