Microbes and the Mind

Description

Interest in the mind-body connection has grown in recent years, with accumulating evidence showing that the gut microbiome can alter behavioral, neural, and psychological outcomes. This publication brings together a group of international experts who are investigating the microbiome and its potential to contribute to the causes and treatment of mental illness. The contributions are not aimed solely at specialists in clinical and experimental neuroscience. They cover a range of key topics, including the role of the microbiome in mental health and specific psychiatric disorders that occur across the lifespan, interactions with the immune system, diet, and pharmacological interventions. Furthermore, the microbial metabolite production and the potential for psychobiotic interventions that target the microbiome to improve mental health outcomes are discussed. This book is unique in its focus on the mechanisms and consequences of the activities of gut microorganisms in mental health and illness, providing expert insight into the current state of the art and important future directions for this emerging area of research. Additionally, it provides an excellent knowledge base for newcomers and a refresher for researchers and clinicians working in the fields of neuroscience, psychology, or psychiatry.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 06 mai 2021
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9783318068566
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Microbes and the Mind
Modern Trends in Psychiatry
Vol. 32
Series Editor
B.E. Leonard Galway
 
Microbes and the Mind
The Impact of the Microbiome on Mental Health
Volume Editors
Caitlin S.M. Cowan Sydney, NSW
Brian E. Leonard Galway
8 figures, 8 in color, and 4 tables, 2021
Modern Trends in Psychiatry (Formerly published as `Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry‘ (1968-1997) and `Modern Trends in Pharmacopsychiatry‘ (1998-2017))
_______________________ Dr. Caitlin S.M. Cowan School of Psychology University of Sydney Sydney, NSW (Australia)
_______________________ Prof. Brian E. Leonard Department of Pharmacology Centre for Pain Research and Galway Neuroscience Centre National University of Ireland Galway (Ireland)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Cowan, Caitlin S. M., editor. | Leonard, B. E., editor.
Title: Microbes and the mind : the impact of the microbiome on mental health / volume editors, Caitlin S.M. Cowan, Brian E. Leonard.
Description: Basel ; Hartford : Karger, 2021. | Series: Modern trends in psychiatry, ISSN 2504-0464 ; vol. 32 | Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020054442 (print) | LCCN 2020054443 (ebook) | ISBN 9783318068559 (hardcover ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318068566 (ebook)
Subjects: | MESH: Gastrointestinal Microbiome--physiology | Mental Health | Mental Disorders--etiology | Inflammation--etiology
Classification: LCC QR46 (print) | LCC QR46 (ebook) | NLM QW 100 | DDC 612.001/579--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020054442
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents® and PubMed/MEDLINE.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2021 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISSN 2504–0464
e-ISSN 2504–124X
ISBN 978–3–318–06855–9
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06856–6
 
Contents
Preface
Cowan, C.S.M. (Cork/Sydney, NSW); Leonard, B.E. (Galway)
Introduction
Cowan, C.S.M. (Cork/Sydney, NSW); Leonard, B.E. (Galway)
The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Neurocognitive Development and Decline
Cowan, C.S.M. (Cork/Sydney, NSW); Cryan, J.F. (Cork)
Maternal Exposure to Adversity: Impact on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Inflammation and Offspring Psychiatric Outcomes
Rajasekera, T.A.; Gur, T.L. (Columbus, OH)
Gut Microbiota as a Mediator of Host Neuro-Immune Interactions: Implications in Neuroinflammatory Disorders
Caputi, V.; Popov, J. (Cork); Giron, M.C. (Padua); O’Mahony, S. (Cork)
The Effect of Microbiota on Behaviour
Champagne-Jorgensen, K.; McVey Neufeld, K.-A. (Hamilton, ON)
Is Anxiety Associated with the Gut Microbiota?
Foster, J.A. (Hamilton, ON)
Production of Psychoactive Metabolites by Gut Bacteria
Wiley, N.C. (Cork/Fermoy); Cryan, J.F.; Dinan, T.G.; Ross, R.P. (Cork); Stanton, C. (Cork/Fermoy)
Diet and Mental Health
Loughman, A.; Staudacher, H.M.; Rocks, T. (Geelong, VIC); Ruusunen, A. (Geelong, VIC/Kuopio); Marx, W.; O’Neil, A.; Jacka, F.N. (Geelong, VIC)
Psychotropic Drugs and the Microbiome
Cussotto, S.; Clarke, G.; Dinan, T.G.; Cryan, J.F. (Cork)
Psychobiotics: Evolution of Novel Antidepressants
Dinan, T.G.; Butler, M.I.; Cryan, J.F. (Cork)
Author Index
Subject Index
 
Published online: May 6, 2021
Cowan CSM, Leonard BE (eds): Microbes and the Mind. The Impact of the Microbiome on Mental Health. Mod Trends Psychiatry. Basel, Karger, 2021, vol 32, pp VII–VIII (DOI: 10.1159/000511097)
______________________
Preface
The A.G. Karger monograph series on pharmacopsychiatry commenced 10 years ago to highlight the advances in psychopharmacology and biological psychiatry of interest to psychiatrists, neurologists, and neuroscientists. The current volume is the sixth in the series and is devoted to the impact of the gut microbiome on mental health and psychiatric disorders.
As editors of this monograph, we are acutely aware that the increasing interest of mental health professionals would benefit from an international publication which encapsulates some of the key advances in microbiome research. To achieve this, we have enlisted the help of a group of international experts to cover some of the most important advances in microbiome research in mental health.
In the past decade, a revolution has occurred in neuroscience research with the (re)discovery of the impact of the gut microbiome on physical and mental health and disease. The terms “microbiome” and “microbiota” are used, largely interchangeably, to describe the microorganisms associated with biotic and abiotic habitats (i.e., a particular host or environment). Ten years ago, little was known about the microorganisms that inhabit the gut and other regions of the body. Even now, knowledge is largely limited to the microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Despite these remaining gaps in our knowledge of complex microbiome-body-brain interactions, there is now a strong and growing evidence base for the importance of taking such a holistic view of human health. There is no doubt that this approach has already provided novel insights into the factors contributing to mental health, as we hope you will see in the chapters of this volume. Moreover, we are convinced that the study of the microbiome-gut-brain axis has great potential to improve patient outcomes in the treatment of mental health problems. Clearly, we are not alone in this belief; the microbiome has entered into the lexicon and consciousness of neuroscientists and mental health researchers globally.
What has stimulated the recent interest in the gut microbiome by neuroscientists? In the academic literature, the influence of gut bacteria on human disease other than infections of the gut can be traced back to early last century when strains of Lactobacillus were used to treat poor mood states. Since then, rapidly evolving technologies for studying and analysing the microbiome, alongside an increasing emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration amongst scientists, have spurred interest in microorganisms outside the traditional microbiology lab. Several authors in this monograph will discuss the impact of the microbiome on different aspects of brain function, ranging from changes in the immune and endocrine systems to changes in cognition and behaviour. Together, the chapters illustrate the importance of the microbiome in mental health and psychiatric disorders. The contributors to this monograph have focussed on the gut microbiome, which is necessitated by the limited data from other body sites, diverse human populations, and other animal species. They have all done an excellent job of critically describing recent advances in our understanding of the microbiome-gut-brain axis and integrating their expert knowledge for readers new to the field (or those just wanting a refresher). Hopefully, the increasing emphasis on microbiome sequencing and other technologies will continue to advance our knowledge of the impact of the microbiome to other important areas of mental health and illness.
In conclusion, we hope that the reader will find this monograph as interesting and rewarding as we have experienced as the editors.
Caitlin S.M. Cowan, Sydney, NSW
Brian E. Leonard, Galway
 
Published online: May 6, 2021
Cowan CSM, Leonard BE (eds): Microbes and the Mind. The Impact of the Microbiome on Mental Health. Mod Trends Psychiatry. Basel, Karger, 2021, vol 32, pp 1–11 (DOI: 10.1159/000510413)
______________________
Introduction
Caitlin S.M. Cowan a , b Brian E. Leonard c
a APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; b School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; c Pharmacology Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
______________________
Abstract
The theme of this monograph reflects the growing research interest in the contribution of the microbiome-gut-brain axis to mental health. This chapter introduces readers to the study of the microbiome in psychiatric research and emphasise