Non-communicable Disease Prevention: Best Buys, Wasted Buys and Contestable Buys

Rachel A. Archer, Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Anthony J. Culyer, Yot Teerawattananon

Description

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, contributing to over 73% of all deaths annually. Each day NCDs cause more than 100,000 deaths, 80% of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. NCDs, however, are largely preventable, and a great deal of technical knowledge exists about how to prevent and manage them. Why, then, have we, as a global community, not been more successful at reducing this NCD burden? Does a universal problem not have a universal solution?





Created by an international consortium of experts, this informative and accessible book provides practical guidelines, key learning points, and dynamic, real-world case studies to aid NCD program managers, policy officers and decision-makers in low- and middle-income countries, so that they can assess interventions for the prevention and control of NCDs.



The book was commissioned by the Prince Mahidol Award Conference (PMAC), an annual international conference centred on policy of global significance related to public health. Non-Communicable Disease Prevention: Best Buys, Wasted Buys and Contestable Buys emphasises the importance of context in NCD control and prevention, arguing that the success of an intervention lies in an ability to respond to local needs and environments. The book comprises ten chapters, which collectively explore the reasons behind, and strategies for, preventing and managing the NCD burden. It spans key themes such as political economy, the transferability of economic evidence, the role of cross-sectoral policies, the importance of deliberative processes, and health technology assessment.



This book is written for the benefit of the global health community, and is primarily targeted at those individuals who are involved in NCD programs. This book will also be of interest to NCD champions, policy advocates, and educators spearheading the movement for increased visiblity of NCDs.

 

Informations

• Publié par: Open Book Publishers
• Date de parution: 12 décembre 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781783748662
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Non-Communicable Disease Prevention
Best Buys, Wasted Buys and Contestable Buys
Non-Communicable Disease Prevention
Best Buys, Wasted Buys and Contestable Buys
Edited by Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Rachel A. Archer, Yot Teerawattananon and Anthony J. Culyer
https://www.openbookpublishers.com
© 2019 Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Rachel A. Archer, Yot Teerawattananon and Anthony J. Culyer. Copyright of individual chapters is maintained by the chapters’ authors.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information:
Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Rachel A. Archer, Yot Teerawattananon and Anthony J. Culyer, Non-Communicable Disease Prevention: Best Buys, Wasted Buys and Contestable Buys . Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2019, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0195
In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit, https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0195#copyright
Further details about CC BY licenses are available at, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web
Digital Appendices associated with this volume are available at https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12434/09617d51
Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher.
ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-863-1
ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-864-8
ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-865-5
ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-866-2
ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-867-9
ISBN XML: 978-1-78374-868-6
DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0195
Cover image: Health check in N’Tossoni, near Koutiala, Mali. Photo by Ewien van Bergeijk (2014), CC-BY-SA 4.0.
Cover design: Anna Gatti.
Contents
Forewords
vii
Acknowledgements
xv
Notes on Contributors
xix
1.
Introduction
1
Wanrudee Isaranuwatchai, Rachel A. Archer and Anthony J. Culyer
1.1
Non-Communicable Disease
1
1.2
Best, Wasted and Contestable Buys
5
1.3
Definitions and Central Ideas
6
Box 1.1 Definitions of Basic Terminology Used in Economic Evaluation
7
1.4
The Cost-Effectiveness Plane
8
1.5
The Story of This Book
12
1.6
The Project and Its Output
13
1.7
The Project Journey
13
1.8
Target Audience
15
2.
Non-Communicable Diseases, NCD Program Managers and the Politics of Progress
17
Sumithra Krishnamurthy Reddiar and Jesse B. Bump
2.1
Background
17
2.2
Methods for Interviews and Analysis
19
2.3
Institutions: NCD Managers, NCD Units and Ministries of Health
21
2.4
Interests: Stakeholders and Power
26
2.5
Ideas: Evidence, Knowledge and Values
28
2.6
Discussion
33
2.7
Limitations
38
2.8
Conclusions and Recommendations
38
3.
Framework for Implementing Best Buys and Avoiding Wasted Buys
41
Yot Teerawattananon, Alia Luz, Manushi Sharma and Waranya Rattanavipapong
3.1
Consideration One
42
3.2
Consideration Two
44
3.3
Consideration Three
45
3.4
Consideration Four
46
3.5
Consideration Five
47
3.6
The SEED Tool in Practice
48
4.
Best Buys
51
Tazeem Bhatia, Arisa Shichijo and Ryota Nakamura
4.1
Introduction
51
4.1.1
Background
51
4.1.2
What This Chapter Offers
54
4.2
Determining Important Contextual Factors in NCD Prevention
55
4.3
Policymaking Challenges and Cost-Effectiveness Data
60
Investigating Case Studies
61
Case Study 4.4.1 Cardiovascular screening in Sri Lanka
61
Case Study 4.4.2 Prevention and control of cervical cancer in Cambodia
63
Case Study 4.4.3 Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) taxes
64
4.5
Discussion
66
4.6
Conclusion
68
5.
Wasted Buys
71
Yot Teerawattananon, Manushi Sharma, Alia Luz, Waranya Rattanavipapong and Adam G. Elshaug
5.1
Introduction
71
5.1.1
What Are ‘Wasted Buys’?
72
5.1.2
The ‘Area of Uncertainty’
74
5.2
Exploring Wasted Buys in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs)
75
A. Cochrane Collaboration Database
75
B. The Global Health Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (GH CEA) Registry
76
C. Disease Control Priorities (DCP)
76
Case Study 5.2.1 Mass-media campaigns for prevention of NCDs
77
Case Study 5.2.2 Cost-effectiveness of medical primary prevention strategies to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Tanzania
79
Case Study 5.2.3 Diabetes screening in Thailand and Indonesia
80
Case Study 5.2.4 Drug testing in Bhutan
82
5.3
Common Features of Wasted Buys
84
5.3.1
The Fallacy that Prevention Interventions Are Always Best Buys
85
5.3.2
One Size Seldom Fits All in International Guidelines
85
5.3.3
Policy-Based Evidence Versus Evidence-Based Policy
86
5.3.4
Selective Implementation of Interventions
86
5.3.5
Low CE Threshold Used for Decision-Making
87
5.4
Recommendations
88
6.
Assessing the Transferability of Economic Evaluations: A Decision Framework
91
David D. Kim, Rachel L. Bacon and Peter J. Neumann
6.1
Introduction
91
6.2
Review of the Literature
95
6.3
A Decision Framework for Identifying Locally-Relevant Best and Wasted Buys
97
6.3.1
Background
97
6.3.2
A Decision Framework and a Transferability Assessment Checklist
98
Step 1: Initial Assessment of Study Design
102
A. Study Perspective
102
B . Intervention and its Comparator(s)
103
C . Time Horizon
103
D . Discounting
104
E . Study Quality
104
Step 2: Data Transferability Assessment
105
A. Baseline Risk (Disease Profile)
106
B. Treatment Effects (Clinical Information)
106
C. Unit Costs/Prices
106
D. Resource Utilization
107
E. Health-State Preference Weight
107
6.4
Worked Example: Assessing Transferability of Best Buy Interventions for Diabetes Prevention and Management in Kenya
109
6.4.1
Background and Rationale
109
6.4.2
Evaluator’s Guideline on Economic Evaluation
110
6.4.3
Transferability Assessment Process
111
6.4.4
Transferability Assessment Results
114
6.5
Using the Impact Inventory
116
6.6
Conclusion and Next Steps
117
7.
Finding the Best Evidence
119
Thunyarat Anothaisintawee
7.1
Determining the Impact of Behavior Change on NCDs Through Research
119
Case Study 7.1.1 Knowledge growth: A case study of low-calorie sweeteners
119
7.2
Types of Study Design
120
7.3
Quality Assessment of Studies/Evidence
121
7.4
Types of Evidence Synthesis
123
Case Study 7.4.1 Efficacy of lifestyle interventions and effect of lifestyle factors on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension: An umbrella review
125
7.5
Role of Environmental Interventions in Changing Health Behavior
126
7.6
Conclusion
128
8.
Cross-Sectoral Policies to Address Non-Communicable Diseases
129
Melitta Jakab and Peter C. Smith
8.1
Introduction
129
8.2
Why Are Cross-Sectoral Policies So Challenging?
132
8.3
Analytic Framework
134
8.4
Institutional Requirements
137
8.5
Types of Cross-Sectoral Policies
140
Case Study 8.5.1 The public catering decree in Hungary
141
Case Study 8.5.2 Employing people with disabilities in Croatia
142
8.6
Conclusions
144
8.7
Analytical Appendix
145
9.
Deliberative Processes in Decisions about Best Buys, Wasted Buys and Contestable Buys: Uncertainty and Credibility
147
Kalipso Chalkidou and Anthony J. Culyer
9.1
Introduction
147
9.2
Criteria, Opportunity Costs and Social Value Judgments: A Role for Deliberation
148
9.3
Deliberation Contrasted with Algorithms
150
9.4
Evidence
152
Box 9.1 Categories of Evidence
152
9.5
Uncertainty
159
9.6
Credibility
159
9.7
Some Characteristics of Deliberative Processes
163
Cas