Oh's Intensive Care Manual E-Book

Andrew D Bersten, Jonathan Handy

Description

Whether you’re a newcomer to the ICU or a seasoned practitioner, Oh's Intensive Care Manual delivers the practical, expert answers you need to manage the conditions you see every day in the intensive care unit. This highly esteemed, bestselling medical reference book presents comprehensive detail on each topic, while maintaining a succinct, accessible style so this information can be seamlessly incorporated into your daily practice.

• Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
• Access everything you need to know about disease processes and their management during the course of ICU rotations.
• Gain valuable insight into the consensus of practice and standard of ICU care as followed in the UK, Europe, India, and Australia.
• Take advantage of expert advice on practical issues that will be encountered on a day-to-day basis in the ICU, as well as common pitfalls in treatment and management emphasized in each chapter.

• Overcome the latest challenges in intensive care medicine. Ten brand-new chapters in this edition include: Palliative Care; ICU and the Elderly; Health Care Team in Intensive Care Medicine; Preparing for Examinations in Intensive Care Medicine; Ultrasound in the ICU; ECMO for Respiratory Failure; ECMO for Cardiac Failure; Cirrhosis and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Disease; Solid Tumours and their Implications in the ICU; and Delirium.
• Optimize patient outcomes through an even greater focus on clinical management strategies.
• Quickly locate essential information with an increased number of summary boxes, tables, and charts, and a new chapter organization that expedites reference.

Informations

• Publié par: Butterworth-Heinemann
• Date de parution: 31 octobre 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• EAN13: 9780702055461
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

Oh's Intensive Care Manual
Seventh Edition

Andrew D. Bersten, MB BS MD FCICM
Director, Intensive Care Unit, Flinders Medical Centre, Professor and Head, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia

Neil Soni, MB ChB MD FANZCA FRCA FCICM FFICM
Consultant in Intensive Care, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Honorary Senior Lecturer, Imperial College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part One: Organisation Aspects
Chapter 1: Design and organisation of intensive care units
Classification and role delineation of an ICU
Type and size of an ICU2
Design of an ICU1,2,11
ICU organisation
The future
Chapter 2: Critical care outreach and rapid response systems
Background
Outreach, medical emergency and rapid response teams
Recognising critical illness
Abnormal physiology and adverse outcome
Measuring outcome
Setting up an outreach service
The future: technology to mitigate human factors
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Severity of illness and likely outcome from critical illness
Factors indicating severity of illness and risks that might contribute to outcome
Risk-adjusted expected outcome
Principles of scoring system design
Commonly used scoring systems
Application of scoring systems
Chapter 4: Transport of critically ill patients
Intra-hospital transport
Inter-hospital transport
Chapter 5: Physiotherapy in intensive care
Cardiopulmonary physiotherapy
Critical care rehabilitation
Physiotherapy role expansion
Physiotherapy and critical care outreach teams
Summary
Acknowledgement
Chapter 6: Critical care nursing
Nature and function of critical care nursing
A systematic approach to care
Nursing and patient safety
Evolving roles of critical care nurses
New nursing roles in critical care
Critical care nursing beyond the icu: critical care outreach (see Ch. 2)
Nursing in the interdisciplinary team
Quality of care
Critical care nursing research
Research ethics
Chapter 7: Ethics in intensive care
Definition
Ethical framework
ICU ethical problems
Chapter 8: Common problems after ICU
Setting up a follow-up service
Specific problems post-ICU
Conclusion
Chapter 9: Clinical information systems
Functions and advantages of CIS
Architecture and components of CIS
Medicolegal storage
Clinical database storage
Evaluation and implementation of CIS
Benefits of CIS: the state of the art
Future developments
Chapter 10: Clinical trials in critical care
Randomised clinical trials
Observational studies
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Chapter 11: Palliative care
Pre-admission to ICU
Patients on ICU who are dying
Decision making for patients at the end of life
Withdrawal of and withholding treatment
Symptom control
Support for families and staff
Organ donation
Care pathways to support end-of-life care on ICU
Stepping down from ICU
Conclusion
Chapter 12: ICU and the elderly
Definitions
Demographics
The ageing process
The organ systems
Special considerations
Conclusion
Chapter 13: Health care team in intensive care medicine
What is a team?
Types of team
Specific team-based interventions and innovations
Summary
Chapter 14: Preparing for examinations in intensive care medicine
Introduction
Examination structure and process
Diversity in ICM training and examination programmes
Globally relevant issues regarding preparation
Useful concepts from other disciplines
Conclusion
Part Two: Shock
Chapter 15: Overview of shock
Definition
Circulatory physiology
‘Types’ of shock
Clinical signs
Management
Chapter 16: Haemodynamic monitoring
Introduction
Clinical observation and evaluation
Pressure-based cardiovascular monitoring
Cardiac output monitoring
Functional haemodynamic monitoring
Perioperative haemodynamic optimisation
Monitoring the microcirculation60
Chapter 17: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
History
Definition
Aetiology of MODS
Pathogenesis
Clinical features of MODS
Therapies for MODS
Outcomes
Chapter 18: Monitoring oxygenation
The roles of oxygen in aerobic organisms
‘Hypoxia’ and ‘dysoxia’
The oxygen cascade
Inspired gas
Transfer of inspired gas to alveoli
Alveolar gas
Transfer from alveoli to arterial blood (pulmonary oxygen transfer)
Arterial blood
Oxygen dynamics
Plasma lactate and redox indices
Regional oxygenation indices
Chapter 19: Lactic acidosis
Pathophysiology
Classification of lactic acidosis
Clinical presentation
Management
Part Three: Acute Coronary Care
Chapter 20: Acute cardiac syndromes, investigations and interventions
Myocardial infarction
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (Box 20.2)
Immediate management of acute coronary syndromes
Ongoing and discharge care of ACS (secondary prevention) (Fig. 20.12)
Myocardial infarction in the intensive care unit
Outcome of myocardial infarction
Chapter 21: Adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Prevalence and outcomes of cardiac arrests
International review process
Basic life support (BLS)
Defibrillation
Advanced life support
Post-resuscitation care
Prognostication
Maintenance of ALS skills
Summary
Chapter 22: Management of cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac electrophysiology
Genetic basis to arrhythmia2
Molecular basis to arrhythmia2
Arrhythmogenic mechanisms3–5
Management of the patient with a cardiac arrhythmia
Management of specific arrhythmias
Critically ill patients and arrhythmia65
Myocardial infarction and arrhythmia23
Cardiothoracic surgery and arrhythmia
Long-QT syndrome86,87
Sudden cardiac death91
Classification of antiarrhythmic drugs
Antiarrhythmic drugs74
Direct current cardioversion105
Chapter 23: Cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter defibrillators
Pacing sites
Permanent pacing
Specific pacing modes
Haemodynamics of cardiac pacing and the AV interval
Temporary pacing
Pacemaker programming
Noise and electromagnetic interference
Cardioversion/defibrillation in patients with a permanent pacemaker (or ICD)
Diathermy
Cardiac pacing in tachyarrhythmias
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD)2
Complications
Chapter 24: Acute heart failure
Diagnosis of acute heart failure
Echocardiography (see Ch. 27)
Measurement of natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponins
Circulatory failure or ‘shock’
Assessment of ventricular function
Heart rate and rhythm
Assessment of myocardial function
Key points when assessing cardiac function
Pulmonary artery catheterisation
Assessment of intravascular volume status
Management of cardiac function in the critically ill
Correction of metabolic factors
Selection of appropriate vasoactive agents (see Ch. 90)
Pulmonary hypertension
Summary
Chapter 25: Valvular and congenital heart disease and bacterial endocarditis
General principles: valvular heart disease
Aortic valve disease: aortic stenosis (AS)
Aortic regurgitation
Aortic valve replacement (AVR)
Mitral valve disease: mitral regurgitation (MR)
Mitral stenosis
Mitral valve replacement
Adult congenital heart disease
Infective endocarditis
Chapter 26: Intensive care after cardiac surgery
Organisation
Cardiovascular management
Postoperative complications
Long-term considerations
Non-cardiac surgery
Chapter 27: Echocardiography in the intensive care unit
Principles of echocardiography3
Principles of ICU echocardiography
Indications for ICU echocardiography
Diagnostic echocardiography
Pericardial disease
Haemodynamics3,21
Echocardiography in specific scenarios
Conclusions
Part Four: Respiratory Failure
Chapter 28: Oxygen therapy
Physiology of oxygen delivery
Diagnosis and monitoring of
Oxygen therapy apparatus and devices
Management of oxygen therapy
Hazards of oxygen therapy
Hyperoxic and hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Chapter 29: Airway management and acute airway obstruction
Airway management techniques
The difficult airway
Upper airway obstruction
Chapter 30: Acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Aetiology
Pathophysiology
Chronic bronchitis or emphysema?
Precipitants of acute respiratory failure
Diagnosis and assessment
Management of respiratory failure
Post-intensive-unit care
Prognosis
Chapter 31: Mechanical ventilation
A physiological approach
Modes of ventilation
Indications and objectives of mechanical ventilation40
Compl