Pain Management E-Book , livre ebook

Pain Management
Second Edition

Steven D. Waldman, MD, JD
Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Professor of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
Saunders
Front matter
Pain Management

Pain Management
SECOND EDITION
Steven D. Waldman, MD, JD
Clinical Professor of Anesthesiology, Professor of Medical Humanities and Bioethics, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
Copyright

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PAIN MANAGEMENT
ISBN: 978-1-4377-0721-2
Copyright © 2011, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods, they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pain management / [edited by] Steven D. Waldman. – 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4377-0721-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Pain–Treatment. I. Waldman, Steven D.
RB127.P332284 2011
616′.0472–dc22
2011009894
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Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
To my children:
David for his caring nature and amazing work ethic,
Corey for his integrity and determination,
Jennifer for her intellect and compassion,
and Reid for his ambition and unabashed joie de vivre.

Steven D. Waldman
Summer 2010
Contributors

Salahadin Abdi, MD, PhD , Vice Chair and Chief of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Bernard M. Abrams, MD, BS , Clinical Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, Medical Director, Dannemiller, San Antonio, Texas

Vimal Akhouri, MD, MBBS , Instructor, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Staff, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts

J. Antonio Aldrete, MD, MS , Professor Emeritus, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, President and Founder, Arachnoiditis Foundation, Inc., Birmingham, Alabama

Frank Andrasik, PhD , Distinguished Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee

Sanjib Das Adhikary, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania

Hifz Aniq, MBBS, FRCR , Honorary Lecturer, Mersey School of Radiology, University of Liverpool, Consultant Radiologist, Radiology Department, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Bassem Asaad, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York

Sairam L. Atluri, MD , Director, Tri-State Spine Care Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio

Zahid H. Bajwa, MD , Secretary, American Academy of Pain Medicine, Director, Education and Clinical Pain Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Samir K. Ballas, MD, FACP , Professor, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

David P. Bankston, MD , Consultant in Pain Management, Overland Park, Kansas

Ralf Baron, MD , Head, Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Andreas Binder, MD , Consultant Neurologist, Division of Neurological Pain Research and Therapy, Department of Neurology University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

Nikolai Bogduk, MD, PhD, DSc, FAFRM, FFPM (ANZCA) , (Conjoint) Professor of Pain Medicine, University of Newcastle, Director, Department of Clinical Research, Newcastle Bone and Joint Institute, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, Australia

David Borenstein, MD , Clinical Professor of Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia

Mark V. Boswell, MD, PhD, MBA , Professor and Chair, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky

Geoffrey M. Bove, DC, PhD , Associate Professor, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine

Fadi Braiteh, MD , Director, Phase I Program, Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada

Eduardo Bruera, MD , Professor and Chair, Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Allen Burton, MD , Professor and Chair, Department of Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Roger Cady, MD , Founder, Primary Care Network and Headache Care Center, Adjunct Professor, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, Associate Executive Chair, National Headache Foundation, Chicago, Illinois

Robert Campbell, MB, ChB, FRCR , Honorary Clinical Lecturer, University of Liverpool, Consultant Musculoskeletal Radiologist, Department of Radiology, Royal Liverpool University Hospitals Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Kenneth D. Candido, MD , Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Professor of Clinical Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois

Joseph S. Chiang, MD , Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Martin K. Childers, DO, PhD , Professor, Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Investigator, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Saima Chohan, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois

Philip G. Conaghan, MB, BS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP , Professor, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, University of Leeds, Deputy Director, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom

Darin J. Correll, MD , Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Director, Acute Postoperative Pain Management Service, Administrative Director of Resident Education, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Scott C. Cozad, MD , Radiation Oncologist, Liberty Radiation Oncology Center, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri

Edward V. Craig, MD , Attending Surgeon, Hospital for Special Surgery, Professor of Clinical Orthopedic Surgery, Cornell Medical School, New York, New York

Paul Creamer, MD, FRCP , Senior Clinical Lecturer, Uni