Pediatric Epidemiology

Description

Pediatric epidemiology differs substantially from general epidemiology especially when it comes to ethical, developmental and societal aspects. This unique book addresses biological considerations and ethical and legal questions in dealing with pediatric and adolescent populations. Classic topics, such as how to recruit representative samples, how to deal with confounding variables, and how to work with genetic information are the core areas of the book are also in focus. Last but not the least, this volume adds to the current understanding of global trends in occurrence, transmission, and control of epidemic pediatric diseases. This book not only serves as a textbook for epidemiologists, pediatricians, geneticists, and child and public health specialists but is also a key reference for those embarking on pediatric cohort studies and epidemiological studies involving the pediatric population.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 27 novembre 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318061239
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

Pediatric Epidemiology
Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine
Vol. 21
Series Editor
Wieland Kiess Leipzig
 
Pediatric Epidemiology
Volume Editors
Wieland Kiess Leipzig
Carl-Gustaf Bornehag Karlstad
Chris Gennings New York, NY
21 figures, 7 in color, and 23 tables, 2018
Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Founded 1999 by Martin O. Savage, London
_______________________ Wieland Kiess Hospital for Children and Adolescents Department of Women and Child Health University Hospitals University of Leipzig Liebigstraße 20a DE-04103 Leipzig (Germany)
_______________________ Carl-Gustaf Bornehag Department of Health Sciences Karlstad University SE-651 88 Karlstad (Sweden)
_______________________ Chris Gennings Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health 17 E 102 St, Floor 3, Room D3-134 New York, NY 10029 (USA)  
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Kiess, W. (Wieland), editor. | Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf, editor. | Gennings, Chris, editor.
Title: Pediatric epidemiology / volume editors, Wieland Kiess, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Chris Gennings.
Other titles: Pediatric and adolescent medicine ; v. 21. 1017-5989
Description: Basel ; New York : Karger, 2018. | Series: Pediatric and adolescent medicine, ISSN 1017-5989 ; vol. 21 | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017049678| ISBN 9783318061222 (hard cover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9783318061239 (electronic version)
Subjects: | MESH: Epidemiologic Methods | Child Health
Classification: LCC RJ106 | NLM WA 950 | DDC 614.4083--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017049678
 
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2018 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISSN 1017–5989
e-ISSN 1662–3886
ISBN 978–3–318–06122–2
e-ISBN 978–3–318–06123–9
 
Contents
Introduction
Kiess, W. (Leipzig); Bornehag, C.-G. (Karlstad); Gennings, C. (New York, NY)
Ethical Issues in Paediatric Epidemiology
Rotzoll, M.; Willer, M. (Halle-Wittenberg)
Epidemiological Studies of Child Maltreatment: Difficulties and Possibilities
Janson, S. (Karlstad)
Legislation on Genetic Testing in Different Countries
Rössler, F.; Lemke, J.R. (Leipzig)
The Dilemma Associated with Incidental Findings
Hiemisch, A.; Kiess, W. (Leipzig)
Challenges and Opportunities in Conducting Research in Developing Countries
Khan, M.I.; Memon, Z.A.; Bhutta, Z.A. (Karachi)
How to Recruit a Representative Sample and How to Look for It?
Hoffmann, R.; Gösswald, A.; Houben, R.; Lange, M.; Kurth, B.-M. (Berlin)
The Epidemiology of Global Child Health
Persson, L.Å. (London)
How to Deal with Proxy-Reports
Genuneit, J. (Ulm)
Biology at a Young Age Differs from Biology at Later Ages: Developmental Aspects of Growth and Body Functions in Children and Young Adults
Söder, O. (Stockholm)
Basic Epidemiology, Statistics, and Epidemiology Tools and Methods
Vogel, M.; Poulain, T.; Jurkutat, A.; Spielau, U.; Kiess, W. (Leipzig)
How to Deal with Confounding
Genuneit, J. (Ulm)
Author Index
Subject Index
 
Introduction
 
Paediatric epidemiology deals with issues related to children’s and adolescents’ health, diseases that occur at an early age, and socio demographics and relations between children’s health and various environmental conditions. Paediatric epidemiology combines paediatrics and epidemiology, epidemiology in paediatrics, and paediatrics analyzed by using epidemiological methods. The editors of this volume are grateful to the publisher – in particular to Dr. Thomas Karger and Gabriella Karger, Basel – for making the publication of this rare book possible and for having supported the concepts of paediatric and adolescent health in general over the years. Currently, there are not many books dealing with the special aspects of epidemiology in the paediatric population. Yet, ethical, developmental and societal aspects of paediatric epidemiology differ quite substantially from those in general epidemiology dealing with research in the adult population. It therefore does not come as a surprise that a chapter in this book deals with ethical issues in paediatric epidemiology, another one explores biology at a young age in relation to body surface, water content, relative fat mass and age-specific behaviors, while yet another part of the book deals with the dilemma faced in light of incidental findings in children’s cohort studies. Classical topics of epidemiology such as how to recruit representative samples, how to deal with confounding variables, and how to deal with genetic information are the core areas of the book. It is mandatory to devote some thought to the fact that quite often in paediatric epidemiology one collects data from a representative(s) of the individual (child) rather than from him/herself. Detection of abuse in paediatric epidemiological cohorts not only poses ethical dilemmas but also elicits legal responses. Legal and ethical aspects are also to be taken into account when one is to carry out epidemio-logical studies and research on cohorts in low-income countries. Last but not the least, this volume undoubtedly will add to our understanding of global trends in children’s health and health issues.
The editors feel privileged to have been able to work with outstanding and well-known authors from around the world who have truly done a remarkable job to deliver their chapters meticulously and contribute generously in an exemplary manner to the book. We wish the volume success and believe that it will encourage the conduct of further research in the field of child and adolescent health, most importantly by raising interest and creating awareness in the causes, prevalence and trends of frequently occurring civilization diseases. It is our sincere hope that this book will not only serve as a textbook for paediatric epidemiology but also as a key reference for those embarking on paediatric cohort studies and epidemiological studies involving the pediatric population.
Wieland Kiess , Leipzig, Germany Carl-Gustaf Bornehag , Karlstad, Sweden Chris Gennings , New York, USA
 
Kiess W, Bornehag C-G, Gennings C (eds): Pediatric Epidemiology. Pediatr Adolesc Med. Basel, Karger, 2018, vol 21, pp 1–15 (DOI: 10.1159/000481319)
______________________
Ethical Issues in Paediatric Epidemiology
Maike Rotzoll · Manuel Willer
Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
______________________
Abstract
In the centre of reflection on paediatric epidemiology, the most vulnerable set of people are the persons used for test, that is, the probands. Children are at particular risk of having their rights breached owing to their inability to express their consent, and because of their position within family structures and social structures outside the family. This can be shown with a historical example through the experiments carried out between 1947 and 1971 on children of various ages in youth care homes. On the basis of ethical guidelines and national and international agreements on research ethics, effective epidemiological research not only in the ethical, but also in the scientific sense, should be the aspiration. The realization of knowledge in epidemiology within the framework of public health raises the question – particularly with regard to research on children – as to what extent epidemiologists themselves are responsible for how the public receive their scientific knowledge. Here, there is a need for an ethically conscious theoretical foundation and anchoring of epidemiology between health research and health care.
© 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel
Ethical Questions of Epidemiological Research o