Pediatric Neuroendocrinology

Description

The neuroendocrine system plays a pivotal role in the control of growth, puberty, reproduction, and intermediate metabolism. The last decades have witnessed rapid progress in the understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in neuroendocrine function, paralleled by dramatic improvements in imaging techniques.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 24 novembre 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783805593038
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Pediatric Neuroendocrinology
Endocrine Development
Vol. 17
Series Editor
P.-E. Mullis   Bern
 
Workshop, May 17-19, 2009 Villasimius (Cagliari), Italy
Pediatric Neuroendocrinology
Volume Editors
Sandro Loche Cagliari
Marco Cappa Rome
Lucia Ghizzoni Turin
Mohamad Maghnie Genova
Martin O. Savage London
37 figures and 18 tables, 2010
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Sandro Loche Regional Hospital for Microcytaemia Cagliari, Italy
Marco Cappa Department of Pediatrics Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù Rome, Italy
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Lucia Ghizzoni Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Mohamad Maghnie Department of Pediatrics IRCCS G. Gaslini University of Genova Genova, Italy
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Martin O. Savage Department of Endocrinology John Vane Science Centre London, UK
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pediatric neuroendocrinology / volume editors, Sandro Loche... [et al.].
p. ; cm. -- (Endocrine development, ISSN 1421-7082 ; v. 17)
Workshop, May 17-19, 2009, Villasimius (Cagliari), Italy.
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-8055-9032-1 (hardcover: alk. paper)
1. Pediatric neuroendocrinology--Congresses. I. Loche, Sandro. II. Series: Endocrine development, v. 17. 1421-7082;
[DNLM: 1. Puberty--physiology--Congresses. 2. Growth Hormone--physiology--Congresses. 3. Pituitary--Adrenal System--physiology--Congresses. W1 EN3635 v. 17 2010 / WS 450 P371 2010]
RJ418.P436 2010
618.92’8--dc22
2009036721
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents®
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2010 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Switzerland on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Reinhardt Druck, Basel
ISSN 1421-7082
ISBN 978-3-8055-9302-1
e-ISBN 978-3-8055-9303-8
 
Contents
Preface
Loche, S. (Cagliari); Cappa, M. (Rome); Ghizzoni, L. (Turin); Maghnie, M. (Genoa); Savage, M.O. (London)
The Transcriptome and the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System
Hindmarch, C.C.T.; Murphy, D. (Bristol)
Role of Sleep and Sleep Loss in Hormonal Release and Metabolism
Leproult, R.; Van Cauter, E. (Chicago, Ill.)
Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation
Garcia-Falgueras, A.; Swaab, D.F. (Amsterdam)
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonists: An Update
Zoumakis, E.; Chrousos, G.P. (Athens)
New Concepts on the Control of the Onset of Puberty
Ojeda, S.R.; Lomniczi, A.; Sandau, U.; Matagne, V. (Beaverton, Oreg.)
Roles of Kisspeptins in the Control of Hypothalamic-Gonadotropic Function: Focus on Sexual Differentiation and Puberty Onset
Tena-Sempere, M. (Córdoba)
Role of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Axis in Neurogenesis
Åberg, N.D. (Gothenburg)
Sex Steroids, Growth Hormone, Leptin and the Pubertal Growth Spurt
Rogol, A.D. (Indianapolis, Ind./Charlottesville, Va.)
Endocrine and Metabolic Actions of Ghrelin
Gasco, V.; Beccuti, G.; Marotta, F.; Benso, A.; Granata, R.; Broglio, F.; Ghigo, E. (Turin)
Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Central Adrenal Insufficiency in Children
Kazlauskaite, R. (Chicago, Ill.); Maghnie, M. (Genova)
Central Nervous System-Acting Drugs Influencing Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function
Locatelli, V.; Bresciani, E.; Tamiazzo, L.; Torsello, A. (Monza)
Genetic Factors in the Development of Pituitary Adenomas
Vandeva, S.; Tichomirowa, M.A.; Zacharieva, S.; Daly, A.F.; Beckers, A. (Liège)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Cushing’s Disease in Children
Savage, M.O.; Dias, R.P.; Chan, L.F.; Afshar, F.; Plowman, N.P.; Matson, M.; Grossman, A.B.; Storr, H.L. (London)
Prolactinomas in Children and Adolescents
Colao, A. (Naples); Loche, S. (Cagliari)
Pituitary Tumors: Advances in Neuroimaging
Morana, G.; Maghnie, M.; Rossi, A. (Genoa)
Resistin: Regulation of Food Intake, Glucose Homeostasis and Lipid Metabolism
Nogueiras, R.; Novelle, M.G.; Vazquez, M.J.; Lopez, M.; Dieguez, C. (Santiago de Compostela)
Hypothalamic Obesity
Hochberg, I.; Hochberg, Z. (Haifa)
Neuroendocrine Consequences of Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescents
Misra, M.; Klibanski, A. (Boston, Mass.)
Author Index
Subject Index
 
Preface
Pediatric neuroendocrinology is an important field of clinical and scientific interest, which has rarely been addressed as a single entity. Consequently, this is a particularly welcomed volume. In this issue of Endocrine Development , an eclectic group of high-quality clinicians and scientists has been assembled to provide focussed updates of their particular fields of interest. The scope of pediatric neuroendocrinology and its potential disturbances is wide and has direct relevance to both pediatric and adult endocrinology, as major pediatric pathology is likely to have implications in adult life.
The principle hypothalamic-pituitary axes with discussion of the neurobiology and its disturbances in a range of topics including neurogenesis, sleep and its abnormalities, sexual differentiation, onset of puberty, and stress are all covered here. The physiology and pathophysiology of ghrelin, leptin and kisspeptin are described as well as the pharmacological effects of modulating the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Contributions with a more clinical orientation include those on disease entities such as abnormal puberty, central adrenal insufficiency, pituitary tumors and Cushing’s disease. Advances in investigations such as neuroimaging and the molecular characteristics of pituitary adenomas are provided by the leaders of their respective fields. Finally, two chapters on the extremes of disordered energy balance, namely hypothalamic obesity and anorexia nervosa, highlight the endocrine disturbances in and the therapeutic options for these serious conditions.
This volume covers a wide range of topics in pediatric neuroendocrinology and informs the reader of the latest scientific developments as well as the diagnostic and molecular techniques and therapeutic options available today. We believe that the volume will benefit scientists and clinicians involved in the care of children with neuroendocrine disorders.
S. Loche, M. Cappa, L. Ghizzoni, M. Maghnie, M.O. Savage
 
Loche S, Cappa M, Ghizzoni L, Maghnie M, Savage MO (eds): Pediatric Neuroendocrinology. Endocr Dev. Basel, Karger, 2010, vol 17, pp 1–10
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The Transcriptome and the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System
Charles Colin Thomas Hindmarch David Murphy
Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
The hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) is a highly specialised region of the brain that is comprised of the magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, the axons of which project to the neural lobe of the pituitary. The PVN and the SON are involved in a broad spectrum of activities including, but not restricted to, osmotic regulation, cardiovascular control, parturition and lactation, energy homeostasis and the stress response resulting in a function-related plasticity of these tissues, allowing them the modulation necessary to reply to the physiological demands in an appropriate manner. We hypothesise that the HNS response to physiological stimulation is underpinned by changes in gene transcription. Affymetrix microarrays with 31,099 probes representing the total rat genome, were interrogated with RNA targets from SON, PVN and the neuro-intermediate lobe dissected from naïve rats as well as those responding to physiological and pathological cues. The data generated are comprehensive catalogues of genes that are expressed in each tissue, as