Preclinical Rheumatic Disease, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics

Vivian P. Bykerk

Description

The ability to intervene at the earliest phases in the pathogenesis of a chronic rheumatic disease caused by auto-inflammatory, autoimmune, or tissue injury mechanisms has th epotential to prevent disease manifestations and consequences, limited loss of quality of life, comorbidity, and costs to society. This issue is dedicated to exploring the stages of rheumatic disease, biologic mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis along with possible ways to study and screen for persons at risk with the ultimate goal of finding ways to prevent these devastating diseases.

Sujets

• Medical
• Médecine
• Rheumatology

Informations

• Publié par: Elsevier
• Date de parution: 20 novembre 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780323320436
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

Clinics Review Articles RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
Preclinical Rheumatic Disease

Vivian P. Bykerk, MD
Weill Cornell Medical College, Inflammatory Arthritis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA

Karen H. Costenbader, MD, MPH
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Kevin Deane, MD, PhD
Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
ISSN  0889-857X Volume 40 • Number 4 • November 2014
Elsevier
Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Contributors
Consulting Editor
Editors
Authors
Forthcoming Issues
Forthcoming Issues
Recent Issues
Foreword
Preface: Preclinical Rheumatic Disease
Preclinical Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
Key points
Background
The initial identification of a preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis
Terminologies to describe individuals in phases leading up to the development of rheumatoid arthritis
Pre-rheumatoid arthritis
Preclinical disease
The measurement of disease duration
An overview of the transitions from health to disease in individuals at risk of rheumatoid arthritis
Predicting and preventing rheumatoid arthritis
The importance of engaging the patient perspective in the context of research into at-risk phases of disease
Lessons for other chronic autoimmune diseases
Gout
Key points
Introduction
Demographic factors
Genetic factors
Dietary factors
Other lifestyle factors
Summary
Insights from Populations at Risk for the Future Development of Classified Rheumatoid Arthritis
Key points
Introduction
Presence of biomarkers in the preclinical period and implications for disease pathogenesis
Integration of studies of at-risk individuals into stages of disease development
Future considerations
Preclinical Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Key points
Introduction
Genetics, Environment, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Development of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases
Key points
Introduction
Current research strategies for environmental and genetic risk factors
Gene-environment interactions
Emerging research strategies
Future considerations and summary
Is Preclinical Autoimmunity Benign?
Key points
Introduction
Antiphospholipid antibodies, rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibodies, and cardiovascular disease, as well as subclinical atherosclerosis, in patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease
Antiphospholipid antibodies, antinuclear antibodies, and rheumatoid arthritis-related autoantibodies and cardiovascular disease, as well as subclinical atherosclerosis, in patients without autoimmune rheumatic disease
Possible mechanisms for associations between autoantibodies and atherosclerosis
Future considerations
Detecting the Earliest Signs of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Key points
Introduction
Screening and triage tools
Undifferentiated arthritis cohorts
Qualitative studies
Clinics and cohorts to study individuals at risk
Summary of symptoms and signs that require ongoing study
Summary
Recognition of Preclinical and Early Disease in Axial Spondyloarthritis
Key points
Introduction
Why should axial spondyloarthritis be diagnosed early?
What is “early ankylosing spondylitis”? The concept of axial spondyloarthritis
Early recognition of ankylosing spondylitis in primary care: the “back pain population”
Imaging for earlier recognition of spondyloarthritis
Biomarkers for earlier recognition of spondyloarthritis
Genetic testing for earlier recognition of spondyloarthritis
Future directions: targeting high-risk populations
Risks and benefits of preclinical and early identification
Summary
Identifying and Treating Preclinical and Early Osteoarthritis
Key points
Introduction
Risk factors: identifying those at high risk of early osteoarthritis
The role of inflammation in osteoarthritis
The feasibility of identifying early osteoarthritis
Special high-risk groups
Imaging approaches to identify persons with early disease
Summary and future considerations
Mucosal Immune Responses to Microbiota in the Development of Autoimmune Disease
Key points
Introduction
Overview of mucosal immunity
Microorganisms may initiate systemic autoimmunity
Barriers to uncovering the link between microbiota and autoimmune disease
Implications for prevention or treatment of autoimmune disease
Future directions
Challenges in Imaging in Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis
Key points
Introduction
Ultrasonography and power Doppler
Magnetic resonance imaging
Positron emission tomography
Future directions
Challenges in imaging in preclinical rheumatoid arthritis
Identification of Self-antigen–specific T Cells Reflecting Loss of Tolerance in Autoimmune Disease Underpins Preventative Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Key points
Introduction
Preclinical Rheumatoid Arthritis
The molecular mechanism of shared epitope and Anticitrullinated Protein Antibodies+ Rheumatoid Arthritis
Immune tolerance and the development of autoimmunity
Measuring antigen-specific T-cell responses
Tetramers: tools of the trade
Tetramer application: Peptide-bound Major Histocompatibility Complex class I tetramers
Peptide-bound Major Histocompatibility Complex class II tetramers
Type 1 diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Summary
Prediction of Future Rheumatoid Arthritis
Key points
Introduction
Methods
Risk factors: the building blocks of prediction
Prediction rules: putting the blocks together
Screening strategies
Summary
Prevention of Rheumatic Diseases
Key points
Introduction
General strategies for disease prevention
Potential primary preventive strategies
Identification of preclinical phases of rheumatic disease
Potential secondary prevention strategies
Caveats to prevention
Personalizing approaches to prevention
The public health impact of prevention
Summary and future directions
Developing Evidence-Based Screening Recommendations, with Consideration for Rheumatology
Key points
Introduction
Framework for disease screening
Process of the united states preventive services task
Evidence-based screening recommendations for rheumatic disease
Outcomes tables
Future considerations/summary
Lessons from Type 1 Diabetes for Understanding Natural History and Prevention of Autoimmune Disease
Key points
Introduction
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Pathophysiology and islet autoantibody development
Clinical features
Management
Prevention trials
Application to rheumatic diseases
Index
Contributors

Consulting Editor
MICHAEL H. WEISMAN, MD
Director, Division of Rheumatology; Professor of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California

Editors
VIVIAN P. BYKERK, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Director of the Inflammatory Arthritis Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
KAREN H. COSTENBADER, MD, MPH
Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Co-Director, Lupus Center, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
KEVIN DEANE, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado

Authors
HELEN BENHAM, B.App.Sci, MBBS (Hons), FRACP, PhD
Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
VIVIAN P. BYKERK, MD, FRCPC
Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
NED CALONGE, MD, MPH
President and CEO, The Colorado Trust; Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, Colorado
ROWLAND W. CHANG, MD, MPH
Professor in Medicine, Division of Rheumatology; Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
KAREN H. COSTENBADER, MD, MPH
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
KEVIN D. DEANE, MD, PhD
Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
M. KRISTEN DEMORUELLE, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
DAVID T. FELSON, MD, MPH
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Professor of Medicine and Public Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, La