Prophylaxis and Early Detection of HPV-Related Neoplasia

Description

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a heterogeneous and still growing virus family. Topical research results on the replication cycle and carcinogenic mechanisms allow a better understanding of current prevention strategies. Written by leading experts, this volume of Monographs in Virology provides up-to-date information on the prevention of papillomavirus-induced cancers by prophylactic antiviral vaccines and early detection of precancerous lesions.A major section covers the tremendous clinical burden due to HPV infections: genital warts and laryngeal papillomas, the most notorious cervical cancer, but also further anogenital and tonsillar cancer, the incidence of which increased steeply during the last decades. Additionally, a section on prevention addresses the subject cytology - new concepts of biomarker development, detection of HPV DNA and RNA as well as their use in primary screening for early detection of precancerous lesions. Finally the book closes with a topical discussion of the most intriguing primary prevention of HPV infection by vaccination.As new perspectives for the prevention of HPV-related neoplasia raised great public interest, this book will be of value to clinicians and practitioners in gynecology, dermatology, urology and ENT, to pathologists, laboratory physicians, medical students, and public health authorities.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 11 avril 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783805599658
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Periodontal Disease
Monographs in Virology
Vol.28
Series Editor
H.W. Doerr     Frankfurt a.M.
 
Prophylaxis and Early Detection of HPV-Related Neoplasia
Volume Editor
Herbert Pfister     Cologne
27 figures, 21 in color, and 13 tables, 2012
_________________________
Herbert Pfister Institute of Virology University of Cologne Fürst-Pückler-Strasse 56 DE-50935 Cologne (Germany)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Prophylaxis and early detection of HPV-related neoplasia / volume editor, Herbert Pfister.
p.; cm. –– (Monographs in virology, ISSN 0077-0965 ; v. 28)
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
ISBN 978-3-8055-9964-1 (hard cover: alk. paper) –– ISBN 978-3-8055-9965-8 (e-ISBN)
I. Pfister, Herbert, 1950- II. Series: Monographs in virology; v. 28. 0077-0965
[DNLM: 1. Papillomavirus Infections. 2. Early Detection of Cancer. 3. Neoplasms-immunology. 4. Neoplasms-virology. 5. Papillomaviridae. W1 M0569P v.28 2012 / QZ 200]
616.9'11––dc23
2012007708
Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2012 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed in Germany on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Bosch Druck, Ergolding
ISSN 0077-0965
e-ISSN 1662-3851
ISBN 978-3-8055-9964-1
e-ISBN 978-3-8055-9965-8
 
Contents
Foreword
Pfister, H. (Cologne)
 
Virology and Pathogenesis
Pfister, H. (Cologne)
 
Epidemiology of Mucosotropic Papillomaviruses
Gissmann, L. (Heidelberg/Riyadh)
Clinical Aspects of Low-Risk HPV Infections
Condylomata Acuminata
Gross, G. (Rostock)
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Wittekindt, C.; Wagner, S.; Klussmann, J.P. (Giessen)
Clinical Aspects of High-Risk HPV Infections
Cervical Cancer and Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Schneider, A.; Köhler, C.; Chiantera,V.;Vercellino, G.F. (Berlin)
Cancer and Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Vulva and Vagina
Petry, K.U. (Wolfsburg)
Penile Cancer and Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Gross, G. (Rostock)
Anal Cancer and Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Wieland, U. (Cologne); Kreuter, A. (Bochum)
Tonsillar Cancer
Klussmann, J.P.; Wagner, S.; Wittekindt, C. (Giessen)
Diagnosis for Early Detection
Cytology
Ikenberg, H. (Frankfurt/M.)
Concepts of Biomarker Development
von Knebel Doeberitz, M.;Vinokurova, S.; Reuschenbach, M. (Heidelberg)
Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA and RNA
Ikenberg, H. (Frankfurt/M.)
Human Papillomavirus Testing in Primary Screening for Cervical Cancer
Petry, K.U. (Wolfsburg)
 
Primary Prevention by Vaccination
Kaufmann, A.M. (Berlin); Gissmann, L. (Heidelberg)
Author Index
Subject Index
 
Foreword
Specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are nowadays officially classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Already in the seventies of the last century, Harald zur Hausen postulated a possible causal role of papillomavirus infections for cervical cancer. This hypothesis was then substantiated by pioneering work in his laboratory, revealing the heterogeneity of this viral family and discovering HPV16 and HPV18 DNA in cervical cancers. In 2008, Harald zur Hausen was honored with the Nobel Prize for these outstanding achievements.
The knowledge about the causal role of papillomaviruses in cervical cancer development triggered extensive studies to allow a better prevention of this disease. Standardized HPV tests were developed to support the sensitive early detection of precancerous lesions in the frame of cervical cancer screening programs as a measure of secondary prevention and prophylactic vaccines were developed for primary prevention of HPV infection. These intriguing perspectives raised great public interest but the wide use in public health strategies is still under debate.
In Germany, the HPV-Management Forum was established as a multidisciplinary working group of the Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie, consisting of individuals experienced in basic and clinical HPV-related sciences. It published evidence-based guidelines for prophylactic vaccination against HPV-associated neoplasia ( http://www.hpv-impfleitlinie.de ) [ 1 ] and organizes certified courses on HPV-associated neoplasias to provide broad and topical information on the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HPV infections and associated diseases for clinicians and practitioners, pathologists, and laboratory physicians. In the meantime, there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenic activity of HPV in the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, oral cavity, oropharynx and tonsils so that the course is not only interesting for gynecologists, but also for dermatologists, urologists and ENT specialists.
This book is mainly based on the continuously updated lectures of the HPV-Management Forum course. I would like to thank all of my colleagues who contributed to this work. It is hoped that the solid and topical contents of this book will also contribute to an objectification of discussions on HPV screening and vaccination in public health politics.
H. Pfister , Cologne, Germany
Reference
1 Pathirana D, Hillemanns P, Petry KU, Becker N, Brockmeyer NH, Erdmann R, Gissmann L, Grundhewer H, Ikenberg H, Kaufmann AM, Klussmann J, Kopp I, Pfister H, Rzany B, Schneede P, Schneider A, Smola S, Winter-Koch N, Wutzler P, Gross G: Short version of the German evidence-based guidelines for prophylactic vaccination against HPV-associated neoplasia. Vaccine 2009;27:4551-4559.
 
Pfister H (ed): Prophylaxis and Early Detection of HPV-Related Neoplasia. Monogr Virol. Basel, Karger, 2012, vol 28, pp 1-11
______________________
Virology and Pathogenesis
Herbert Pfister
Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
______________________
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) may induce benign and malignant tumors of the skin and mucosa. The nonenveloped, stable virion capsid is composed of the structural proteins L1 and L2 and encapsulates the double-stranded DNA genome.The so-called early (E) genome region encodes proteins which are necessary for viral DNA replication and transcription, for promoting the productive cycle, and for allowing its completion. The late (L) region encodes the capsid proteins. A noncoding region contains the origin of DNA replication as well as positive and negative transcription control elements. Up to 150 HPV types, fully characterized so far, are members of the genera α,β, γ, μ, and v. Genus α comprises HPVs, which induce benign mucocutaneous tumors, low-risk mucosotropic HPVs, which induce genital warts and laryngeal papillomas, and high-risk mucosotropic HPVs, which may cause anogenital cancer. HPV infection starts with binding to a receptor on the basement membrane in areas of minor abrasions of the epithelium. After several hours, the virions are transferred to basal keratinocytes. Following entry, the viral genome becomes established as an episome.The productive cycle of papillomaviruses is restricted to differentiated keratinocytes and tightly linked to their differentiation state. Vegetative DNA replication occurs in the lower to mid suprabasal epithelial layers. HPVs are endowed with potentially oncogenic activities of their early proteins E6 and E7, which keep keratinocytes, that have left the basal epithelial layer, active in the cell cycle to guarantee viral DNA replication. This serves the productive cycle and is not primarily relevant for carcinogenesis. In the case of deregulation and overexpression in proliferation-competent basal keratinocytes, E6 and E7 lead to transformation, immortalization, tumor progression, and finally to the maintenance of the malignant phenotype of cancer cells.
Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
A plethora of potentially oncogeni