Tobacco Control, An Issue of Nursing Clinics

Nancy L. York

Description

This issue of Nursing Clinics includes the following topics: Nursing interventions for smoking cessation; tobacco cessation clinics; Cessation strategies for pregnant and postpartum mothers; Evidence-based cessation strategies and policies for college-age smokers; Evidence-based cessation strategies for rural communities; Gender differences and tobacco cessation; Optimizing tobacco cessation outcomes; Community based participatory research and cessation interventions; Use of quit-lines for cessation; Advocacy and smoke-free laws; Hookah use in adolescents and adults; Chewing tobacco; and E-cigarettes.

Sujets

• Medical
• Médecine
• Nursing
• Leadership
• Management

Informations

• Publié par: Saunders
• Date de parution: 28 mars 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781455742974
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Nursing Clinics of North America , Vol. 47, No. 1, March 2012
ISSN: 0029-6465
doi: 10.1016/S0029-6465(12)00014-X

Contributors
Nursing Clinics of North America
Tobacco Control
Nancy L. York, PhD, RN, CNE
Bellarmine University, Lansing School of Nursing & Health Sciences, 2001 Newburg Road, Miles Hall 201, Louisville, KY 40299, USA
ISSN  0029-6465
Volume 47 • Number 1 • March 2012

Contents

Contributors
Forthcoming Issues
Tobacco Use and Control in the United States
The Impact of the Georgia Health Sciences University Nursing Faculty Practice on Tobacco Cessation Rates
Prenatal Hair Nicotine Analysis in Homes with Multiple Smokers
Evidence-Based Smoking Cessation for College Students
An Evidence-Based Cessation Strategy Using Rural Smokers’ Experiences with Tobacco
Evidence-Based Tobacco Cessation Strategies with Pregnant Latina Women
Gender Influences in Tobacco Use and Cessation Interventions
Online Tobacco Cessation Education to Optimize Standards of Practice for Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses
Community-Based Participatory Research and Smoking Cessation Interventions: A Review of the Evidence
Tobacco Quitlines in the United States
The Three Ts of Adopting Tobacco-free Policies on College Campuses
Preventing Adolescent Tobacco Use and Assisting Young People to Quit: Population-, Community-, and Individually Focused Evidence-Based Interventions
Water Pipe Smoking Among the Young: The Rebirth of an Old Tradition
Smokeless Tobacco: a Gender Analysis and Nursing Focus
E-Cigarettes: Promise or Peril?
Index
Nursing Clinics of North America , Vol. 47, No. 1, March 2012
ISSN: 0029-6465
doi: 10.1016/S0029-6465(12)00016-3

Forthcoming Issues
Nursing Clinics of North America , Vol. 47, No. 1, March 2012
ISSN: 0029-6465
doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2011.10.012

Preface
Tobacco Use and Control in the United States

Nancy L. York, PhD, RN, CNE
Bellarmine University, Lansing School of Nursing & Health Sciences, 2001 Newburg Road, Miles Hall 201, Louisville, KY 40299, USA
E-mail address: [e-mail]


Nancy L. York, PhD, RN, CNE, Guest Editor
Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States despite numerous advances in tobacco prevention and control within the past two decades. Although smoking prevalence rates are declining as a result of these efforts, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates 46 million, or 20.6%, adults in the United States smoke cigarettes. 1 The CDC also estimates 1 in 5 deaths in the United States is attributable to cigarette smoking 2 and that, on average, adult cigarette smokers will die 14 years earlier than nonsmokers. 3
Researchers have unequivocally linked smoking with multiple forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, fertility issues, and damaging developmental effects. 4 Additionally, secondhand smoke (SHS), which includes smoke from the end of a burning cigarette, cigar, or pipe, combined with smoke exhaled by the smoker, is also indisputably related to increased risk of lung cancer and heart disease in adults, and ear infections, asthma attacks, respiratory infections, and sudden infant death syndrome in infants and children. 5
The economic costs related to smoking are staggering as well. Smokers spend approximately $83.6 billion on cigarettes 6 and $2.6 billion on smokeless tobacco products 7 annually in the United States. Smoking-related diseases result in more than $96 billion in direct health care costs, while it is estimated that $97 billion is lost in productivity annually. 8
As cigarette smoking has become less socially acceptable in the United States, the tobacco industry has changed their advertising focus to other markets, including developing countries, alternative tobacco products, and targeting younger smokers. Today tobacco can be consumed by methods other than cigarette smoking, including chewing tobacco, moist snuff, snus, pellets, electronic cigarette devices, cigar and pipe smoking, and hookah use. Many of these alternative products are being targeted at younger smokers who are the most susceptible to marketing and advertising strategies. 9, 10
This issue of Nursing Clinics of North America outlines the amazing work of nurses related to tobacco control. The issue begins with a detailed review of cessation efforts offered to various populations in the United States and Canada. Researchers have found that evidence-based targeted cessation programs are the most effective way to improve adherence to cessation therapies and decrease smoking prevalence rates. Second, given that tobacco use is now viewed as a population issue versus an individual behavior, this issue also discusses policy advances to protect communities from involuntary exposure to SHS. Studies have shown smoke-free policies lead to decrease smoking prevalence rates and improve smoker cessation efforts. Finally, the authors discuss popular tobacco products currently being targeted at younger smokers.

References

   1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital signs: Current cigarette smoking among adults aged >18 years—United States, 2009. Morbid Mort WklyRep . 2010;59(35):1135-1140.
   2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses—United States, 2000-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2008;57(45):1226-1228.
   3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs—United States, 1995-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2002;51(14):300-303.
   4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and Tobacco Use. Health Effects. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/health_effects/index.htm . Accessed October 13, 2011.
   5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and Tobacco Use. Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Facts. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/general_facts/index.htm . Accessed October 13, 2011.
   6. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Expenditures for Tobacco Products and Disposable Personal Income, 1989-2006 . Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 2007.
   7. Federal Trade Commission Smokeless Tobacco Report for the Year 2009. Available at: http://www.ftc.gov/os/2009/08/090812smokelesstobaccoreport.pdf . Accessed October 13, 2011.
   8. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Briefing Room: Tobacco—Background . Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 2005.
   9. A.M. MacKintosh, C. Moodie, G. Hastings. The association between point-of-sale displays and youth smoking susceptibility. Nicotine Tobacco Res . 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
  10. J.R. DiFranza, R.J. Wellman, J.D. Sargent, et al. Tobacco promotion and the initiation of tobacco use: assessing the evidence for causality. Pediatrics . 2006;117(6):1237-1248.
Nursing Clinics of North America , Vol. 47, No. 1, March 2012
ISSN: 0029-6465
doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2011.10.005

Section I: Targeted Cessation Effort
The Impact of the Georgia Health Sciences University Nursing Faculty Practice on Tobacco Cessation Rates

Janie Heath, PhD, APRN-BC a , * , Sandra Inglett, PhD, BSN b , Sara Young, MD, MS c , Thomas V. Joshua, MS b , Nita Sakievich, BA d , James Hawkins, MBA b , Jeannette O. Andrews, PhD, RN e , Martha S. Tingen, PhD, APRN-BC f
a University of Virginia School of Nursing, Claude Moore Nursing Education Building, PO Box 800826, 225 Jeanette, Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0826, USA
b Department of Physiological and Technological Nursing, College of Nursing, Georgia Health Sciences University, 987 Saint Sebastian Way, EC 5426, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
c Department of Family Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
d NFPG Tobacco Cessation Program, 987 Saint Sebastian Way, EC 5396, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
e College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, 99 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 160, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
f Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, 1120 15th Street BT 1852, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
* Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [e-mail]

Abstract
Nursing faculty practice groups can play a vital role in tobacco cessation in academic medical centers. Outcomes from the Georgia Health Sciences University Nursing Faculty Practice Group Tobacco Cessation Program revealed 64% abstinence outcomes at the end of treatment (N = 160) over a 2-year period from the campus-wide tobacco-free policy initiation. A nurse-led, evidence-based, interdisciplinary approach can be an effective strategy to make a difference in the lives of tobacco-dependent individuals, while at the same time integrating practice with education and research.

Keywords
• Tobacco cessation • Nursing faculty practice • Evidence-based practice
Academic health centers expend considerable time and resources in preventing and treating illness and injury, as well as promoting healthy lifestyles. The trend toward tobacco-free environments is growing nationwide and positions academic centers to reinforce the health commitment to employees, students, and the community. Although the prevalence of smoking in Georgia has decreased from 32% to 20% of the state’s population over the past 20 years, far too many Georgians, 1 out of 5, continue to smoke. In addition, more than a third of Georgia’s children live with individuals who smoke, and each year 11,000 Georgians die prematurely from smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke. 1, 2 Nationally, the annual death toll from tobacco use approaches 450,000, surpassing combined deaths due to alcohol, car accidents, suicides, homicides, human immunodeficiency virus disease, and illicit dr