War Neurology

Description

Interest in the history of neurological science has increased significantly during the last decade, but the significance of war has been overlooked in related research. In contrast, this book highlights war as a factor of progress in neurological science. Light is shed on this little-known topic through accounts given by neurologists in war, experiences of soldiers suffering from neurological diseases, and chapters dedicated to neurology in total and contemporary war. Written by experts, the contributions in this book focus on the Napoleonic Wars, the American Civil War, the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, World Wars I and II, and recent conflicts such as Vietnam or Afghanistan. Comprehensive yet concise and accessible, this book serves as a fascinating read for neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, historians, and anyone else interested in the history of neurology.

Informations

• Publié par: S. Karger AG
• Date de parution: 04 avril 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9783318056068
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

War Neurology
Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience
Vol. 38
Series Editor
J. Bogousslavsky Montreux
War Neurology
Volume Editors
L. Tatu Besançon
J. Bogousslavsky Montreux
86 figures, 9 in color, and 8 tables, 2016
Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience Vols. 1-18 were published as Monographs in Clinical Neuroscience
_______________________ Laurent Tatu, MD Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and Department of Anatomy CHRU Besançon University of Franche-Comté FR-25000 Besançon (France)
_______________________ Julien Bogousslavsky, MD Lt-col (hon), état-major de l'Armée, Switzerland Center for Brain and Nervous System Diseases Swiss Medical Network Neurocenter Genolier-Geneva-Lausanne-Montreux-Fribourg-Neuchatel-Lugano-Zurich-Basel Clinique Valmont CH-1823 Glion/Montreux (Switzerland)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Tatu, Laurent, editor. | Bogousslavsky, Julien, editor. Title: War neurology / volume editors, L. Tatu, J. Bogousslavsky. Other titles: Frontiers of neurology and neuroscience; v. 38. 1660-4431 Description: Basel ; New York: Karger, [2016] | Series: Frontiers of
neurology and neuroscience, ISSN 1660-4431 ;vol.38| Includes
bibliographical references and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN 2016008855| ISBN 9783318056051 (hard cover: alk. paper) |
ISBN 9783318056068 (e-ISBN) Subjects: | MESH: Neurology--history | Military Medicine--history | Warfare |
History, Modern 1601-Classification: LCC RC550 | NLM WL 11.1 | DDC 616.85/212--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016008855

Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents ® and Index Medicus.
Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.
Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© Copyright 2016 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel (Switzerland)
www.karger.com
Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706)
ISSN 1660-4431
e-ISSN 1662-2804
ISBN 978-3-318-05605-1
e-ISBN 978-3-318-05606-8
Contents
Preface
Early Neurology and War
Neurology and War: From Antiquity to Modern Times
Paciaroni, M.; Arnao,V. (Perugia)
Neurosurgical Work during the Napoleonic Wars: George James Guthrie's Experience
Roux, F.-E. (Toulouse)
War as a Factor of Neurological Progress
Impact of 20th Century Wars on the Development of Neurosurgery
Dowdy, J.; Pait, T.G. (Little Rock, Ark.)
Elaboration of the Visual Pathways from the Study of War-Related Cranial Injuries: The Period from the Russo-Japanese War to World War I
Lanska, D.J. (Tomah, Wis.)
Publications on Peripheral Nerve Injuries during World War I: A Dramatic Increase in Knowledge
Koehler, P.J. (Heerlen)
The Influence of the Two World Wars on the Development of Rehabilitation for Spinal Cord Injuries in the United States and Great Britain
Lanska, D.J. (Tomah, Wis.)
Traumatic Brain Injury Studies in Britain during World War II
Lanska, D.J. (Tomah, Wis.)
Neurologists during Wars
Neurology and Neurologists during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
Walusinski, O. (Brou)
Silas Weir Mitchell: Neurologists and Neurology during the American Civil War
Boller, F.; Birnbaum, D. (Washington, D.C.)
French Neurologists during World War I
Walusinski, O. (Brou);Tatu, L. (Besançon); Bogousslavsky, J. (Glion/Montreux)
German Emergency Care in Neurosurgery and Military Neurology during World War II, 1939-1945
Stahnisch, F.W. (Calgary, Alta.)
War Neuropsychiatry: Soldiers' Experiences
Nostalgia in the Army (17th-19th Centuries)
Battesti, M. (Paris)
Neuropsychiatric Disturbances, Self-Mutilation and Malingering in the French Armies during World War I: War Strain or Cowardice?
Tatu, L. (Besançon); Bogousslavsky, J. (Glion/Montreux)
Neurological Impact of World War I on the Artistic Avant-Garde: The Examples of André Breton, Guillaume Apollinaire and Blaise Cendrars
Bogousslavsky, J. (Glion/Montreux);Tatu, L. (Besançon)
Neurology in Total War
The Central Role of Neuroscientists under National Socialism
Zeidman, L.A. (Chicago, Ill.)
What's in a Name? Neurological Eponyms of the Nazi Era
Kondziella, D. (Copenhagen); Zeidman, L.A. (Chicago, Ill.)
Contemporary Aspects
Neurology in the Vietnam War
Gunderson, C.H. (Bethesda, Md.); Daroff, R.B. (Cleveland, Ohio)
Neurotoxic Weapons and Syndromes
Carota, A. (Genolier/Basel); Calabrese, P. (Basel); Bogousslavsky, J. (Glion/Montreux)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among French Armed Forces Members in Afghanistan: A New Approach
Paul, F.; Marimoutou, C.; Pommier de Santi, V. (Marseille); Clervoy, P. (Toulon)

Author Index
Subject Index
Preface
War seems inherent to humanity, a view suggested by any observation of history. Since we have traces of their existence, one of the characteristics of human groups is thus the attempt to dominate another human group, in general by force and coercion. However, War and Neurology are two themes that are rarely linked, and War Neurology is not a subject in its own right. War is certainly considered as a curse, but it is interesting to observe that, as with other medical specialities, war has enriched neurological knowledge over the past three centuries. Little is known on this subject, and this book intends to lay the foundation for the study of Neurology in war. The book does not aim to write an additional chapter in the history of Neurology, but rather employs an original approach, shared with other volumes in this collection, that investigates the links between history and Neurology.
The term 'Neurology', used in this volume, should be understood in a broad sense that encompasses the fields of study shared by Neurology, Neurosurgery and a section of Psychiatry. This definition corresponds to the one that covers the term 'Neurosciences' today. Neurology is also
a recent medical subject, so it was necessary to limit our subject to the modern age, faced with the difficulty of finding reliable sources concerning older periods. The first chapter nonetheless summarises interesting information on the history of War Neurology before the modern age.
To write the different chapters, we chose to solicit specialists in the different wars and periods discussed. For the most recent conflicts (Vietnam or Afghanistan), we asked first-hand witnesses, or neurologists in the armed forces, to write accounts of their war experiences. The careers of neurologists and neurosurgeons in earlier wars are alluded to with several examples, including Georges James Guthrie in the Napoleonic Wars, Silas Weir Mitchell in the American Civil War, and Clovis Vincent in the Great War. Being at the heart of conflicts shaped their neurological research and, for some, changed their career.
War must also been seen as an undeniable factor in advances in knowledge within the field of Neurosciences. Certain sections of Neurology have made huge strides thanks to the large number of people with neurological injuries of many different types. For example, knowledge of visual
pathways and peripheral nerve lesions owes a lot to the wars of the beginning of the 20th century. Neurosurgery, the care of traumas to the nervous system and their rehabilitation have also really flourished thanks to the study of war injuries.
The drifts of Nazi medicine did not spare the Neurosciences, giving rise to diverse and sometimes deviant practices amongst German neurologists. Neurology, maybe even more so than other specialities, was confronted with the problem of eponyms originating from the research of Nazi physicians. It was therefore important to explore this issue, which remains a sensitive subject.
The point of view of physicians faced with neurological war injuries is not the only one broached in this book. It was essential to throw light on soldiers' neuropsychiatric experiences during war, a novel subject rarely mentioned until now. The 'nostalgia' of soldiers of the wars of the 17th and 19th centuries and acts of malingering or self-mutilation in the Great War are two
significant examples of real-life