Citizen Subject

Etienne Balibar, Steven Miller

Description

What can the universals of political philosophy offer to those who experience "the living paradox of an inegalitarian construction of egalitarian citizenship"? Citizen Subject is the summation of Etienne Balibar's career-long project to think the necessary and necessarily antagonistic relation between the categories of citizen and subject. In this magnum opus, the question of modernity is framed anew with special attention to the self-enunciation of the subject (in Descartes, Locke, Rousseau, and Derrida), the constitution of the community as "we" (in Hegel, Marx, and Tolstoy), and the aporia of the judgment of self and others (in Foucualt, Freud, Kelsen, and Blanchot).After the "humanist controversy" that preoccupied twentieth-century philosophy, Citizen Subject proposes foundations for philosophical anthropology today, in terms of two contrary movements: the becoming-citizen of the subject and the becoming-subject of the citizen. The citizen-subject who is constituted in the claim to a "right to have rights" (Arendt) cannot exist without an underside that contests and defies it. He-or she, because Balibar is concerned throughout this volume with questions of sexual difference-figures not only the social relation but also the discontent or the uneasiness at the heart of this relation. The human can be instituted only if it betrays itself by upholding "anthropological differences" that impose normality and identity as conditions of belonging to the community.The violence of "civil" bourgeois universality, Balibar argues, is greater (and less legitimate, therefore less stable) than that of theological or cosmological universality. Right is thus founded on insubordination, and emancipation derives its force from otherness.Ultimately, Citizen Subject offers a revolutionary rewriting of the dialectic of universality and differences in the bourgeois epoch, revealing in the relationship between the common and the universal a political gap at the heart of the universal itself.

Sujets

• Philosophie et théologie
• Human biology
• Literary theory
• Biological anthropology
• Anthropology

Informations

• Publié par: Fordham University Press
• Date de parution: 01 novembre 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780823273638
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

Citizen Subject

Com mon a l it ie s

Timothy C. Campbell, series editor

Çé Śûéç

Foundations for Philosophical Anthropology

Étîenne Baîbar

àŝàé  Śéé é

F o r d h a m U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s N e w Y o r k 2 0 1 7

û ô ŝ ôô àŝ ôé  à  é éé àà éôà û.

Çô © 2017 ôà Ûéŝ éŝŝ Ā ŝ éŝéé. ô à ô ŝ ûçàô à é éôûçé, ŝôé  à ééà ŝŝé, ô àŝé  à ô ô  à éàŝ—ééçôç, éçàçà, ôôçô, éçô, ô à ôé—éçé ô é ûôàôŝ  é ééŝ, ôû é ô éŝŝô ô é ûŝé. ŝ ôô àŝ ôà ûŝé  éç àŝ Ééé àà,Cîtoyen Sujet, et autres essaîs d’anthropoogîe phîosophîque, Çô © éŝŝéŝ Ûéŝàéŝ é àçé, 2011.

ŝ ô éçéé é éç ôçéŝ Āà ô éçééçé  ûçàô à àŝàô. éç ôçéŝ ŝ à ôà çéàé à ûé  é éç Éàŝŝ  é Ûé Śàéŝ à ĀÇÉ (éç Āéçà Çûûà Éçàé). éç ôçéŝ ôô éŝé  Śéé ôç.

ŝ ôô ŝ ûé  à  à ŝûéô ô é îŝûé ô Çôààé éàûé à Śôçé, Çôûà Ûéŝ.

Ôûàé û àéç é çôçôûŝ û ŝèé ààŝ çà é à Çûûé– Çéé àôà û é. ŝ ô àŝ éé ûŝé  é àŝŝŝàçé ô é éç ŝ ô Çûûé–àôà Çéé ô é ôô. Çé ôûàé à Iç û ŝôûé éŝ ôàéŝ ’àé â à ûçàô é ’îŝû ààŝ. ŝ ô, ûŝé àŝ à ô à ôà ô à ô ûçàô, éçéé ŝûô ô é îŝû ààŝ. ôà Ûéŝ éŝŝ àŝ ô éŝôŝ ô é éŝŝéçé ô àççûàç ô Ûŝ ô ééà ô -à îéé éŝéŝ ééé ô  ŝ ûçàô à ôéŝ ô ûààéé à à çôé ô ŝûç éŝéŝ ŝ, ô  éà, àççûàé ô àôàé. ôà Ûéŝ éŝŝ àŝô ûŝéŝ ŝ ôôŝ  à àé ô ééçôç ôàŝ. Śôé çôé à àéàŝ   à ô é àààé  ééçôç ôôŝ. ŝ ûŝ ôé à .ôàéŝŝ.çô.

é  é Ûé Śàéŝ ô Āéçà 19 18 175 4 3 2 1 ŝ éô

Copyrîght page contînued on page 395.

The Right to Transgression

10.

Part III.

û Śé à Ôéŝ: Ô é ôçà éô ô éléé îûàŝ

C o n t e n t s

 1.  2.  3.

 4.

Being(s) in Common

Part I.

Part II.

Foreword by Emîy Apter

îôûçô: Āé é Çôôéŝ Ôéûé: Çé Śûéç. éŝôŝé ô éà-ûç àç’ŝ ûéŝô “ô Çôéŝ Āé é Śûéç” Āé: Śûéçûŝ/ŝûéçû

 8.  9.

 5.  6.  7.

“Our True Self Is Not Entirely Within Us”

“Ego sum, ego exîsto”: éŝçàéŝ ô é éé ô ééŝ “ Śé,” “ Ô”: ààôŝ ô ôçé Aîmances ôûŝŝéàû:Juîe or The New Heoîseàŝ éàŝé ô é àŝŝôŝ ô Śéŝé Çéà ô é à ô éé: éé, ééŝé, éà

92

55 74

19 40



106

155 173

185

205

1

123 143

Ich, das Wîr, und Wîr, das Ich îst: Ś’ŝ çû é éŝŝàç ôé  à Zur Sache Sebst: é Çôô à é Ûéŝà  éé’ŝ Phenomenoogy of Spîrît é, Āéŝ, éôéŝ: ôŝô à é Śûéç ô à é Śôçà Çôàç Āô Çôôéŝ: à à é Śûéç ô Éçàé



11. 12. 13.

Contents

àé Çé, ûç àéŝŝ é îéô ô é Śûééô: éû à éŝé, 1922 àçô’ŝ îŝûôàô: Ô é  ô éManîfesto of the 121

Part IV.

14.

The Ill-Being of the Subject

ôûéôŝ Ûéŝà à Āôôôçà ééçéŝ

Notes Index

213 227

256

275

303 387

F o r e w o r d

Emîy Apter

à ŝ à çé ŝûéç Ā éàé ŝûéç, éûà àŝ ôçà çé à ŝûéçé ûà çôŝçéçé Ā ééŝà àé çààé ô é ééàé  ôéŝ é àIé ô ôà à, é ŝé-ûŝé ô éŝ  à ôûŝà çûŝ à é àŝ ô ŝ ô é ô ŝûééô é éà  à à àôû é ŝçç é ô ôé  é éà ô éà ŝàéŝ é éà éŝàô ôŝé ààŝ é çé  Ā Iûé ô ôŝŝéŝŝé ûàŝ ééŝé (ç ŝ ô ŝà, à ŝé-ŝôŝŝéŝŝé çôéçŝ) Ô éUntertan, à ô ŝà, à- ôé, “à ôû ûàéŝ,” Iûé ôressentîment, ŝé éŝŝ ûô çôàŝ ô ô ô ô à ŝ é çé ŝûéç ŝûéç à çôéŝ àé é ŝûéç é, ô àààŝé éà-ûç àç, é çôçé ô “é ôçà” àŝ éé ééàé Ā à ŝ é ô é ŝûéç ŝçûŝé ôŝé àŝ à ééç ô àà, ô àŝ é ôûç ô à ôçà ôô ô ŝôéé ô çôéŝ àé é ŝûéç  ô à ôçéŝŝ ô éçô-ŝûéç à éçô-çé, éôû ô é ôôçà ôû û à àçôŝŝ àûàéŝ é “çé ŝûéç” çôéŝ (ŝôçà à ôçà) àé é ôéé ô “ŝû- é” ŝûéç éé ô ŝ ôô, û é ççà àçû éé éŝŝ  àà’ŝ àéŝŝ ô é ôé ô à à “çé ŝûéç”  é. Éàç é é ôô ô “ç- é” ŝ çàé û,  éçûŝ ô “ŝûéç” à çé éŝà,  éçôçà, çàŝç, à àéç- çà éàô. é ôûé “çé ŝûéç” éééŝ àŝ à ŝûà ôŝôéé, à çàûé ô àôé, ôé ôûé: ésubjectum-subjectus, éésubjectumééé  ŝçôàŝç àé ô à ûà ŝûŝàçé, à û ô ô à ŝôû, àsubjectus (é “ôé àé ô ésubdîtus”), àŝ àé ô éé ô é ûà éŝô, “ŝûéçé ô” é ô çé àûô. ééŝ é àé à àçé é ôé, éŝçàéŝ éIé àŝ ego cogîtoôego sumà àéŝŝ ô ô ô é, ôŝ à “î” ééç ôû ôûà- ô  à éàŝçŝ ô ŝûŝàçé ô à éôô ô çààô. ûç ô ŝ ôûéà ôô  é çôçéé  éôŝà é ŝôôŝ ôûçé, ôŝ à,  é ôŝô ô à àŝçééà ŝûéç ô é Çàéŝàego, ç ôŝéé à ôéçô ô é ŝûéç àŝ ŝûŝààé, ŝé-éŝç ô ŝ ééô, ûé  à ééôô àé  é çôŝûç ô é “ûà” ô à. àà’ŝ çôééŝé ééàô ô é “çé ŝûéç” éà ŝ é àŝ à éŝôŝé ô éà-ûç àç’ŝ ûéŝô “ô çôéŝ àé é ŝûéç” ççûàé  1988–89 ô à ôû ô ééé ôŝôéŝ ô éé ééàôŝ “ é ŝ ô ééé-çéû çôçôûŝéŝ à çôŝûàôŝ”  ôé ô “ûçûàé à éôéçàmomentô - à   éformuatîonsé “ôé”  ûéŝôéé ô à éçû çôôéŝ.”

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Emîy Apter

ééçôçéééô“ôŝôéŝôé[orîgînary] ŝûéç” (éŝçàéŝ, à, ûŝŝé), ààŝ [ôŝ]éôéôôçà ô éçôŝûçé çûéŝ ô é “ ‘éàŝçŝ’ ô ôûàô”; “é ŝûçûàŝ ‘éçéé’ ô é éàé àà ô çôŝçôûŝéŝŝ,” à “é àŝ, éûà, ô éŝçéà çûéŝ ô é ‘ûŝôŝ’ à éŝé é çàŝ ô çôŝçôûŝéŝŝ ô û.” éŝé éàéŝ, ô àç, çôû é ŝûàé  é éé ôé çààçôûŝ ûé ô à éééû ô ôŝô àŝ ŝûç à à ôà ŝôçà àŝŝ, à ôé ô ŝé-ûéŝô àŝ ûçû ô éŝé çàô. ŝ éàé éôà-  ô ôŝôçà àûàé ôû éé ô é àŝôé ô ŝûàé  éŝôŝé ô çûûà ŝŝ à çûéŝ ô Éûôçéŝ. “à ééé ô éô ‘àŝ’ à  ‘éô’ ôû ŝ ” éà-ûç àç ôû àŝ  ŝ ôûçô. Āéà  2011  à ŝééŝ é “àûéŝ éôûéŝ” éôûŝ çôéé  àà ŝé à éô “Āûŝŝéà” ôûé éçôû, ôé çôû ŝà àCîtîzen Subject: Foundatîons for Phîosophîca Anthropoogy(Cîtoyen Sujet et autres essaîs d’anthropoogîe phîosophîque)  ŝ éç çôé çôû é ŝûàé  é àéô ô à ôà éçôé, ûé éé ô ŝû à çûé é Éûôéà éçô ô “àŝ” à “éô.” àà ééŝ ô é çàéŝ, é ôé à ô éô, àé éàç éçàé ô é ééà ô ŝéçIç éŝ à ççûà  éé àŝ àôû é ûéŝô ô é ŝû- éç, é ô é ôô ô é çé  é ôé ô. àà ôéŝ à é ôé ô ŝ éléçô ŝ ŝé  éé ééàé ôàéŝ: é ŝûéç àŝ ŝé-éIé, é ŝûéç àŝ çôûà éIé, à é àŝéŝŝé ŝûéç àŝ ŝûôà é- Ié ôû à à ûé. Éàç à çôàŝ à ŝééŝ ô éé éàôŝ ô à  çàéû çôŝé ôŝôçà à éà éŝ, àé  àûô, û çôŝéé àŝ éŝ à ŝéà é ŝûéç: éŝçàéŝ, ôçé, ôûŝŝéàû, éà, éé, à, ô- ŝô, éû, à àçô, ô éô ô à é. é éàŝ ô éŝé éŝ àé éé- é  à ééà ŝçûŝŝô ô é ŝéçIç “ôé” ô é çé ŝûéç ûé ŝçûŝŝô, à ôé à ŝ ŝàé  é Ià çàé ô é ôô àŝ “çé- ôûéôŝ.” Ā à ô ŝ éàôà ééçûà éô  é àô étopos ŝçôéé  àà  ŝ éà ô ôûŝŝéàû’ŝLa nouvee Héoïse, àutopos çô- ŝûçé ôû à é éôé: àé, çôûé, éô. ô é àôéŝ ééàé  ŝ ŝûçûà àà à çôûôûŝ ôû é ààŝéŝ, ô ô éû, éééé, éçàŝ, à ôé éŝàé, ô é à ûéŝô, é ŝôçà à éôéçà çôé, subjectus/subjectum. î àà’ŝ ôçéûéŝ ô ééàô àé à éŝ éŝçé ô éçôŝûçô, éçà é ûôŝç à  ç àçûéŝ éà à àû é à ôû û û é ŝô ô çéà ôéŝ à Iûéŝ, àç é ûŝéŝ  çàŝŝçà àûéŝ à ôŝŝéŝ, ô ô àlé é ôŝŝ ô à é àûéŝ ôû à à ô Ié ééŝàŝ, ôûé ŝ, ô ôôŝ àôû é ûôà ô àûàé, é é  é çôŝàç ô ôŝôçà ôŝé ôéŝ ôŝé ô àéŝ éçééçé ôé ééçé ééçŝ à àûàé à. àà  ôé ôô ô éçôŝûçô ŝ àççé ô ŝ- à “ààôéŝ ô é ûéŝà,” ŝ ŝŝôûô ô ôôŝôŝ ééé ûéŝà à àçûà, àŝôûé à éàé, ôà à àéà, ôé à ûé, ŝàé à ôé, û  ŝ é ôŝôçà ôé ô é ûéŝà à éàŝ ûéôŝ. ûŝ,

Foreword



 ŝ é éŝé ô é ôçé ŝ ûé é ŝà é  ô éŝçàéŝ àŝ “éô ô ôé çôŝçôûŝéŝŝ,” ô é éûŝ ô ûàé éé’ŝ “ôà ô ô çôà- çô ŝçé  ûŝç ûŝàé” (ç léçŝ ŝ Içô ô é ûàŝ-ŝûéç ô ŝéàŝ  à ŝûéçéŝŝ ôçé), ô é é ô éôŝàé ô ôŝôçà ééŝŝôŝ ààŝ àéà çôà é ŝééŝ ô éçôŝûç ŝûôŝ ô ôé, ô é çô- çé ô ûàé éû’ŝ é ô éŝé’ŝ ûçô-ôçà ôô ô éûà (Über-Indîvîduaîtät)  ô é Śûééô (dasÜber-Ich) à “éô é ‘ûçà ôé’ ô ŝûéçô” à ôàéŝ é éçôŝûçé ôé Cîtîzen Subject. à ŝà, àŝ  éçôŝûçô, àà’ŝ éûŝç àIŝ ŝç çôçôŝ àôû ô ô ô ŝ  éŝ: “Ô ŝûà éŝ àçûàédetermînateéŝéŝ à ôŝé determînateôéŝ ô ééàô . . . à àûônever wrîtes the same text twîce.” é ŝéé ŝ ô ûŝàé  é éà ô ôûŝŝéàû, éé à “ôçà” éà ô Juîe, or the New Heoîse, The Socîa ContractàEmîeàŝ éé çôééà ôéŝ ô ôé ŝé ŝŝé ŝ ààôé  àô ô à éô ô éàç ô éŝé éŝ éàôà çô- éé  é ôé ô   “ô éŝôé é ûéŝôàé ôé ô çôû” ô éŝçé “à ŝôçà ô çôàé  é ‘ôçé ô àûé.’ ” î ŝ ŝçéé, éé àé ô ûéŝà éŝçé éŝ; ô éààûàé  ôŝô éàŝ “à ôû àé  ôŝŝé ô éôûàé éŝ  ûéŝà, éŝçé, ô ŝŝéàç éŝ, ‘ééà’ é àôé é éé  ôé ô éàç é àôà éé ô ô éûçé é ô à ûàé àéà, ôé ûàéà à é ô.” î éé ŝ à àŝ ô é àŝàô éé,ŝàéàçûàôé,ôôéàŝééçéôôûéûàé éàŝ ô ôé àûàé ô àôé, û àé,  ôû é ûàŝààé ŝ- ûà, é “ô ôçé” ô ŝûà ôççûéçé(hapax egomenon) ô é ŝûéç éûç- àé  éàç àçûàô ô é  ŝ ô àûàé. î û àtransatîonaééàô ô é ŝûéç (ô ôé ŝéçIçà ô ésubjectus- subdîtus) à àŝ é éŝéôôçà ééàô ô ôé ŝûéç ôû  ôû- çàû’ŝThe Order of Thîngs(Les mots et es choses), àà ééôŝ à éô àé ô à éççôéç ôéçDîctîonary of Untransatabes: A Phîosophîca Lexîcon (Le vocabuaîre européen des phîosophîes: Dîctîonnaîre des întraduîsîbes),ŝéàéàé  é ôŝôé à- àà Çàŝŝ,  ç “ôŝô  àûàéŝ” éçàé é àçô ô é çôçé-ôŝô àô é àŝ ô ŝàŝàô à ééŝŝ éàŝàô. Ā àûô ô ô çôàôàô ô é ééŝ “Śûéç,” é Iŝ éŝô ôôû “î,” “Śôû,” à,  é Éŝ éô, “Āéç/îŝàçé”), àà àôŝ à ôçéûé çôŝŝé ààé  Cîtîzen Subject, ôé à,  àô ô éŝû “é àç ô éŝ” à “é ô é- éé  à çôûçûé,” ŝûŝçéŝ ô “Ié àŝàô ôŝé  ô”:

ô ŝà à ôŝôéŝ é  à àçûà àŝô ŝ ô ŝà à é é  à é àûàé ô  à “ô” éé é ŝéé  à àûàçé ô éééŝŝ (ô éçéŝŝà àô . . . ) ô çôéŝàé ô é àç ô ûéŝà. ôà, éé ŝ ééà àééé ô ŝ ô. ŝ ŝ  à ôô ô ôŝôçà ô àŝ éû ô ŝ ôàéŝŝéàçéààôôéééçŝôàŝàôôŝô,àûŝ àŝô ô é “ûàŝààéŝ” à ô é ôçéŝŝ ô “àŝà é ûàŝààéŝ” àŝ à ôé ô çôçéûà “éô.”