This book shows how Darwinian biology supports an Aristotelian view of ethics as rooted in human nature. Defending a conception of "Darwinian natural right" based on the claim that the good is the desirable, the author argues that there are at least twenty natural desires that are universal to all human societies because they are based in human biology. The satisfaction of these natural desires constitutes a universal standard for judging social practice as either fulfilling or frustrating human nature, although prudence is required in judging what is best for particular circumstances.
The author studies the familial bonding of parents and children and the conjugal bonding of men and women as illustrating social behavior that conforms to Darwinian natural right. He also studies slavery and psychopathy as illustrating social behavior that contradicts Darwinian natural right. He argues as well that the natural moral sense does not require religious belief, although such belief can sometimes reinforce the dictates of nature. Abbreviations
Acknowledgments
1. Aristotle, Darwin, and Natural Right
An Intellectual Journey
Ten Propositions
Seven Objections
An Overview of the Book
2. Desire and Reason
The Nature of Desire
The Normative Structure of Animal Movement
Twenty Natural Desires
Nurturing Nature
Four Sources of Moral Disagreement
Prudence
3. Political Animals
Ants, Bees, and Other Political Animals
The Hobbesian Critique
The Nature of Culture
4. The Human Nature of Morality and Freedom
Natural Morality
Natural Freedom
Conclusion
5. Parent and Child
Plato's Second Wave
Religious Communism in the Oneida Community
Secular Communism in the Kibbutz
Four Biological Causes
The Human Ecology of Parental Investment
Infanticide, Adoption, and Sexual Bonding
6. Man and Woman
Feminist Naturalism
The Biology of Sex Differences
Mating Desires
Male Dominance and Male Vulnerability
The Moral Complementarity of Male and Female Norms
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