Logically Fallacious: The Ultimate Collection of Over 300 Logical Fallacies (Academic Edition)

Bo Bennett

Description

This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions.

Logically Fallacious is one of the most comprehensive collections of logical fallacies with all original examples and easy to understand descriptions, perfect for educators, debaters, or anyone who wants to improve his or her reasoning skills.

"Expose an irrational belief, keep a person rational for a day. Expose irrational thinking, keep a person rational for a lifetime." - Bo Bennett

This 2021 Edition includes dozens of more logical fallacies with many updated examples.

Sujets

• Philosophie
• Épistémologie
• Epistémologie
• Epistémologie
• Epistémologie
• Logic
• Philosophy
• Philosophie et théologie

Informations

• Publié par: eBookIt.com
• Date de parution: 19 février 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 2
• EAN13: 9781456607371
• Langue: English

Extrait

Logically Fallacious
The Ultimate Collection of Over 300 Logical Fallacies
 
Academic Edition
 
 
 
Written By
B O B ENNETT, P H D
 
 
http://www.LogicallyFallacious.com
~~~~~~
For my kids, Annabelle and Trebor.
~~~~~~
 
 
Archieboy Holdings, LLC.
365 Boston Post Road, #311
Sudbury, MA 01776
 
Updated academic edition - May 6, 2021
 
[e-mail]
http://www.ebookit.com
 
Copyright 2012–2021, Archieboy Holdings, LLC.
 
ISBN: 978-1-4566-0737-1 (ebook)
ISBN: 978-1-4566-3184-0 (Amazon KDP paperback)
ISBN: 978-1-4566-0752-4 (generic paperback)
ISBN: 978-1-4566-2453-8 (hardcover)
 
 
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review.
Contents
Preface
Introduction
Reasoning
Arguments
Beliefs
What is a Logical Fallacy, Exactly?
An Error in Reasoning
Formal and Informal Fallacies
The Difference Between Logical Fallacies and Cognitive Biases
Factual Errors are Not Logical Fallacies
Logical Fallacies Can Be Committed by the Arguer or Audience
Logical Fallacies are Deceptive
Logical Fallacies are Common and Worthy of Identifying by Name
Dr. Bo’s Three Criteria for a Logical Fallacy
On Reason and Rationality
Being a Smart-Ass
When All You Have is a Hammer, Everything Looks Like a Nail.
Methodology
Format and Style of this Book
Accent Fallacy
Accident Fallacy
Ad Fidentia
Ad Hoc Rescue
Ad Hominem (Abusive)
Ad Hominem (Circumstantial)
Ad Hominem (Guilt by Association)
Ad Hominem (Tu quoque)
Affirmative Conclusion from a Negative Premise
Affirming a Disjunct
Affirming the Consequent
Alleged Certainty
Alphabet Soup
Alternative Advance
Amazing Familiarity
Ambiguity Fallacy
Anonymous Authority
Anthropomorphism
Appeal to Accomplishment
Appeal to Anger
Appeal to Authority
Appeal to Celebrity
Appeal to Closure
Appeal to Coincidence
Appeal to Common Belief
Appeal to Common Folk
Appeal to Common Sense
Appeal to Complexity
Appeal to Consequences
Appeal to Definition
Appeal to Desperation
Appeal to Emotion
Appeal to Equality
Appeal to Extremes
Appeal to Faith
Appeal to False Authority
Appeal to Fear
Appeal to Flattery
Appeal to Force
Appeal to Heaven
Appeal to Intuition
Appeal to Loyalty
Appeal to Nature
Appeal to Normality
Appeal to Novelty
Appeal to Pity
Appeal to Popularity
Appeal to Possibility
Appeal to Ridicule
Appeal to Self-evident Truth
Appeal to Spite
Appeal to Stupidity
Appeal to the Law
Appeal to the Moon
Appeal to Tradition
Appeal to Trust
Argument by Emotive Language
Argument by Fast Talking
Argument by Gibberish
Argument by Personal Charm
Argument by Pigheadedness
Argument by Repetition
Argument by Selective Reading
Argument from Age
Argument from Fallacy
Argument from Hearsay
Argument from Ignorance
Argument from Incredulity
Argument from Silence
Argument of the Beard
Argument to Moderation
Argument to the Purse
Avoiding the Issue
Base Rate Fallacy
Begging the Question
Biased Sample Fallacy
Blind Authority Fallacy
Broken Window Fallacy
Bulverism
Causal Reductionism
Cherry Picking
Circular Definition
Circular Reasoning
Commutation of Conditionals
Complex Question Fallacy
Conflicting Conditions
Confusing an Explanation with an Excuse
Confusing Currently Unexplained with Unexplainable
Conjunction Fallacy
Conspiracy Theory
Contextomy
Deceptive Sharing
Definist Fallacy
Denying a Conjunct
Denying the Antecedent
Denying the Correlative
Disjunction Fallacy
Distinction Without a Difference
Double Standard
Ecological Fallacy
Etymological Fallacy
Equivocation
Exclusive Premises
Existential Fallacy
Extended Analogy
Fact-to-Fiction Fallacy
Failure to Elucidate
Fake Precision
Fallacy of (the) Undistributed Middle
Fallacy of Composition
Fallacy of Division
Fallacy of Every and All
Fallacy of Four Terms
Fallacy of Opposition
False Attribution
False Conversion
False Dilemma
False Effect
False Equivalence
Fantasy Projection
Far-Fetched Hypothesis
Faulty Comparison
Gadarene Swine Fallacy
Galileo Fallacy
Gambler’s Fallacy
Genetic Fallacy
Gish Gallop
Hasty Generalization
Having Your Cake
Hedging
Historian’s Fallacy
Homunculus Fallacy
Hot Hand Fallacy
Hypnotic Bait and Switch
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact
Identity Fallacy
If-By-Whiskey
Illicit Contraposition
Illicit Major
Illicit Minor
Illicit Substitution of Identicals
Imposter Fallacy
Incomplete Comparison
Inconsistency
Inflation of Conflict
Insignificant Cause
Jumping to Conclusions
Just Because Fallacy
Just In Case Fallacy
Kettle Logic
Least Plausible Hypothesis
Limited Depth
Limited Scope
Logic Chopping
Ludic Fallacy
Lying with Statistics
Magical Thinking
McNamara Fallacy
Meaningless Question
Misleading Vividness
Missing Data Fallacy
Modal (Scope) Fallacy
Moralistic Fallacy
Moving the Goalposts
Multiple Comparisons Fallacy
Naturalistic Fallacy
Negating Antecedent and Consequent
Negative Conclusion from Affirmative Premises
Nirvana Fallacy
No True Scotsman
Non Sequitur
Notable Effort
Nutpicking Fallacy
Overextended Outrage
Oversimplified Cause Fallacy
Overwhelming Exception
Package-Deal Fallacy
Poisoning the Well
Political Correctness Fallacy
Post-Designation
Post Hoc
Pragmatic Fallacy
Prejudicial Language
Proof by Intimidation
Proof Surrogate
Proving Non-Existence
Psychogenetic Fallacy
Quantifier-Shift Fallacy
Quantum Physics Fallacy
Questionable Cause
Rationalization
Red Herring
Reductio ad Hitlerum
Regression Fallacy
Reification
Relative Privation
Retrogressive Causation
Righteousness Fallacy
Rights To Ought Fallacy
Scapegoating
Self-righteousness Fallacy
Selective Attention
Self-Sealing Argument
Shifting of the Burden of Proof
Shoehorning
Slippery Slope
Special Pleading
Spiritual Fallacy
Spin Doctoring
Spotlight Fallacy
Statement of Conversion
Stereotyping (the fallacy)
Stolen Concept Fallacy
Strawman Fallacy
Style Over Substance
Subjectivist Fallacy
Subverted Support
Sunk-Cost Fallacy
Suppressed Correlative
Survivorship Fallacy
Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
Tokenism
Traitorous Critic Fallacy
Two Wrongs Make a Right
Type-Token Fallacy
Unfalsifiability
Unreasonable Inclusion Fallacy
Unwarranted Contrast
Use-Mention Error
Weak Analogy
Willed Ignorance
Wishful Thinking
Pseudo-Logical Fallacies
Cognitive Biases, Effects, and Heuristics
The Reductios: Techniques for Exposing Fallacious Reasoning
Types of Lies
Top 25 Most Common Fallacies
Practice Identifying Fallacies
Practice Situation #1
Practice Situation #2
Practice Situation #3
Practice Situation #4
Practice Situation #5
Practice Situation #6
Practice Situation #7
Practice Situation #8
Practice Situation #9
Practice Situation #10
Practice Situation #11
Practice Situation #12
Questions and Answers
What is the best way to defend against an ad hominem?
Is not the belief in the existence of a supernatural being (God) a logical fallacy?
How can we stop an infinite regression by constantly asking “why” or “how do you know that”?
How do I know if I am simply rehearsing my prejudices?
Is there such thing as a sexist fallacy?
Can “fallacious detecting mode” hamper creativity?
If fallacious reasoning were to spark an idea, leading to another idea or part of the solution to the big picture, would it be wrong?
Can it be absolutely true that there are no absolute truths?
Is including the line “just food for thought” a legitimate way of making a bad argument? For example, “Just food for thought, if foods were meant to be genetically modified, they’d appear that way in nature.”
There are some famous people who have mocked God and resulted in their untimely death. To give just one example, the designer of the Titanic said, “Not even God can sink this ship.” Of course, we all know what happened to the Titanic. My question is, would this be considered a coincidence or is the fact that the ship sank proof that God exists?
Is it fallacious reasoning to reject a source as evidence for an argument because of a dislike or distrust of the source, without looking at the validity of the source?
I know that using the phrase “experts say that,” is the anonymous authority fallacy. I was wondering, when using someone’s statement as evidence for a claim, is there any standard to determine who is a legitimate expert?
What is the main difference between the appeal to popularity and the appeal to common belief?”
What do you think about this argument against the riots? The riots are causing many buildings to be destroyed. Destruction is bad. Therefore, the riots are bad.
If one claims that something shouldn’t be debated because of the negative consequences of debating the issue, is this the “appeal to consequences” fallacy?
If you do not trust doctors’ advice regarding the Coronavirus, then you should not trust them on any other medical issue as you need to be consistent. Is this a fallacious argument?
True or fallacious? When you single out one race and say ‘that’ race matters, you ARE implicitly saying other races don’t matter as much.
Why isn’t there a “Fake News” fallacy for calling news you don’t like, “fake?”
Does “What is the greatest contributor of carbon dioxide affecting climate change?” beg the question?
Many people think if you’re old enough to fight for your country you should be old enough to drink. Is this a weak analogy?
Is it a fallacy when pro-life/pro-choice advocates say that if you are pro-life, then you clearly don’t c