Ontology—The Hermeneutics of Facticity

Martin Heidegger

Description

A landmark in Heidegger's early thought

First published in 1988 as volume 63 of his Collected Works, Ontology—The Hermeneutics of Facticity is the text of Heidegger's lecture course at the University of Freiburg during the summer of 1923. In these lectures, Heidegger reviews and makes critical appropriations of the hermeneutic tradition from Plato, Aristotle, and Augustine to Schleiermacher and Dilthey in order to reformulate the question of being on the basis of facticity and the everyday world. Specific themes deal with the history of ontology, the development of phenomenology and its relation to Hegelian dialectic, traditional theological and philosophical concepts of man, the present situation of philosophy, and the influences of Aristotle, Luther, Kierkegaard, and Husserl on Heidegger's thinking. Students of Heidegger will find initial breakthroughs in his unique elaboration of the meaning of human experience and the "question of being," which received mature expression in Being and Time.

Sujets

• Philosophie
• Épistémologie
• Philosophie de l'esprit
• Movements
• PHILOSOPHY
• Philosophie et théologie
• Phenomenology
• General officer
• General
• Continental

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 18 août 2008
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253004468
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Ontology-The Hermeneutics of Facticity
Studies in Continental Thought
GENERAL EDITOR
JOHN SALLIS
CONSULTING EDITORS
Robert Bernasconi
William L. McBride
Rudolf Bernet
J. N. Mohanty
John D. Caputo
Mary Rawlinson
David Carr
Tom Rockmore
Edward S. Casey
Calvin O. Schrag
Hubert L. Dreyfus
Reiner Sch rmann
Don Ihde
Charles E. Scott
David Farrell Krell
Thomas Sheehan
Lenore Langsdorf
Robert Sokolowski
Alphonso Lingis
Bruce W. Wilshire
David Wood
Martin Heidegger
Ontology-The Hermeneutics of Facticity
Translated by John van Buren
This book is a publication of
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Published in German as Martin Heidegger, Gesamtausgabe , volume 63: Ontologie (Hermeneutik der Faktizit t) , edited by K te Br cker-Oltmanns.
1988 by Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main
1999 by Indiana University Press
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Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976. [Ontologie. English] Ontology : the hermeneutics of facticity / Martin Heidegger ; translated by John van Buren. p. cm. - (Studies in Continental thought) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-253-33507-8 (alk. paper) 1. Ontology. I. Title. II. Series. B3279.H4806713 1999 111-dc21 98-54763 1 2 3 4 5 04 03 02 01 00 99
Contents
Introduction
1. The title Ontology
Means doctrine of being. Legitimate only if taken very generally. Unfitting if taken as an individual discipline. - Phenomenology: the character of the object becomes visible by looking at consciousness of the object. - Overlooking the question of the field of being from which the meaning of being should be drawn. - Thus the real course title: The Hermeneutics of Facticity.
THE HERMENEUTICS OF FACTICITY
Foreword
Posing questions. - Influences.
PART ONE
PATHS OF INTERPRETING THE BEING-THERE OF DASEIN IN THE AWHILENESS OF TEMPORAL PARTICULARITY
An indicative definition of the theme of facticity.
Chapter One
Hermeneutics
2. The traditional concept of hermeneutics
Plato: = announcing and making known. - Aristotle: = , i.e., , (making accessible). - Later means translation, commentary, interpretation. - Augustine. - Then hermeneutics = a doctrine about interpretation. - Schleiermacher: a technique of understanding. - Dilthey.
3. Hermeneutics as the self-interpretation of facticity
The original meaning of hermeneutics : the task of making the Dasein which is in each case our own accessible to itself. - Wakefulness. - Understanding does not have Dasein as an object, but rather is a how of Dasein itself. - The forehaving of hermeneutics is the ownmost possibility of Dasein, i.e., existence. - Concepts of existence are existentials. - Forehaving, foreconception. Being-possible as the character of their being. - The questionableness of hermeneutics. - The every-one. - The initial hermeneutical engagement and bringing into play: Not a possession at our disposal. At work only in the self-interpretation of philosophy. Not modern, nothing for philosophical curiosity, discussion, the public.
Chapter Two
The Idea of Facticity and the Concept of Man
The concept of man avoided. - Its twofold source in the tradition: (1) person, creature of God, in the Old Testament; (2) a living being endowed with reason ( ).
4. The concept of man in the biblical tradition
References: (1) Genesis 1:26, (2) Paul, (3) Tatian, (4) Augustine, (5) Thomas Aquinas, (6) Zwingli, (7) Calvin, (8) Scheler.
5. The theological concept of man and the concept of animal rationale
Even the concept of animal rationale was no longer understood on the basis of its original source. - Scheler. - was originally understood on the basis of going about the dealings of , of concern. - The state of the believer s relation to God as something constitutive (being-created, status corruptionis, gratiae, gloriae ). - Today neutralized into a consciousness of norms and values.
6. Facticity as the being-there of Dasein in the awhileness of temporal particularity. The today
Our theme: facticity, i.e., the being-there of our own Dasein in its temporally particular there, its being there for a while. - Is accessible in the today. - Misunderstandings: (1) the tendencies of our times today, (2) brooding over an ego-like self. - Instead hermeneutical explication. - Impulses from Kierkegaard. - The today lives within its own manner of having-been-interpreted: talk, the open space of publicness, averageness, the every-one, masking. - Van Gogh. - The situation of the university.
Chapter Three
Being-Interpreted in Today s Today
7. Historical consciousness as an exponent of being-interpreted in the today
How a time sees its past is a sign of how it is there in its today (temporality). - This to be read off from the historical human sciences. - Here the testaments of past Dasein are expressions and are characterized by a unified style. - A culture is an organism. - Spengler. - As organisms, all cultures are of equal value. Hence universal history. - Its method: morphology, classifying which compares forms.
8. Today s philosophy as an exponent of being-interpreted in the today
Philosophy s task: to define the totality of beings and within this the Dasein of life. - The initial task: sketching out the universal context of classification. - Here the relational is the object proper: the immutable in-itself in contrast to sensible reality. - Platonism or Hegel s dialectic. - Kierkegaard. - An example: Spranger. - The Platonism of barbarians: objective metaphysics in opposition to historicism. - Universal classification.
9. Insert: Dialectic and phenomenology
What is missing in the dialectic of today: looking in the direction of the actual object of philosophy. - It is this looking which develops unity. - Dialectic considers itself superior to phenomenology insofar as it sees itself as the higher stage of mediated knowledge which penetrates the irrational. - On the contrary: the most decisive factor is a fundamental looking in the direction of the subject matter. - Hegel s dialectic lives from the table of others. - Hegelese, sophistry. Cf. Brentano on it. - The danger in phenomenology: uncritical trust in evidence.
10. A look at the course of interpretation
Our theme: the being-there of Dasein in the awhileness of temporal particularity. - Object. - Dasein expresses itself in the public realm of educated consciousness. Talk. - What characteristic of the being of Dasein shows up in the above modes of its interpretation and its having-itself?
Chapter Four
Analysis of Each Interpretation Regarding Its Mode of Being-Related to Its Object
As what is Dasein seen in each?
11. The interpretation of Dasein in historical consciousness
The past as an expression of something. - Fore-sight with respect to style. - This is the basis of preservation of the past being able to hold onto expressive networks of reference in a unified manner. - Foresight already operative in the fundamental work of historical research, i.e., in the critical choice of sources. - Uniform whiling or tarrying among all cultures. Universal classification which objectively compares forms. Never halting, making a sojourn, and holding out there. - The availability of the past. - Seven phenomenal characteristics of historical consciousness. - The character of its actualization: curiosity which is led and pulled along. - Spengler: history must be objective. - Just as it has a past, the Dasein which is interpreted in this manner also has its present and future. - Spengler s influence on special fields of history. - Imitation of history of art.
12. The interpretation of Dasein in philosophy
The question: how and as what does philosophy have its object in view? - An answer is lacking in today s philosophies. - What needs to be seen in the basic tendency of the systems themselves is that philosophy is universal classifying. - Its point of departure: the temporal, the concrete, understood in terms of essential generalities. - Either classifying and filing away into an extant framework, or the system first develops itself in the classifying and filing away. - Three modes of philosophical comporting. - Developing the totality of the classificatory order consists in running through the context of relations in which each is also the other. - The as-well-as is the fundamental structure of the absolute context of the classificatory order. - The appropriate comportment: universal movement, absolute curiosity which is everywhere and nowhere and leads itself along. - In the public realm, philosophy sees itself (1) as objective in opposition to relativism, (2) as universal agreement in opposition to skepticism, (3) as dynamic and true to life, and (4) as simultaneously universal and concrete in opposition to overly detailed specialization.
13. Further tasks of hermeneutics
In both modes of interpretation, Dasein seeks to have itself objectively there for itself, to make itself objectively certain and secure about itself. - Curiosity: a movement of Dasein. - Dasein is this movement and at the same time has itself in it. - The characteristics of being-interpreted are categories of Dasein, existentials.
PART TWO
THE PHE