History of Christianity

Jonathan Hill

Description

How did a group of scared peasants from a backwater of the Roman empire - followers of an executed criminal - form the largest religion on the planet? The story of Christianity, its transformation from an illegal sect to the religion of emperors, kings and presidents, and its spread across the globe, is an endlessly fascinating one. The History of Christianity gives readers an overview of these extraordinary 2,000 years. It is a history not only of how Christianity has changed the world, but also of how the world has changed Christianity. The first half of this volume is arranged mostly chronologically to create a single narrative from the age of exploration to the late twentieth century. The second half describes the history of the church in the past hundred years or so, with each chapter focusing on a different part of the world. Boxed features throughout the volume highlight especially important figures or themes from each of these periods. The History of Christianity:The Age of Exploration to the Modern Day will be welcomed by all those wanting a lively and engaging presentation of the people, events, places, and plain curiosities that have formed the Christian story.

Sujets

• Philosophie et théologie
• Christianity

Informations

• Publié par: Lion Hudson
• Date de parution: 20 novembre 2020
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781912552436
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION TO THE MODERN DAY
Jonathan Hill
Consulting editors
Michelle Brown
Professor Emerita of Medieval Manuscript Studies at the School of Advanced Study, University of London
Mark Noll
Research Professor of History, Regent College
Michael Nai Chiu Poon
Asian Christianity coordinator of the Centre for the Study of Christianity in Asia at Trinity Theological College, Singapore
Lamin Sanneh
Formerly Professor of Missions and World Christianity at Yale Divinity School and Professor of History at Yale University
Graham Tomlin
President of St Mellitus College and Bishop of Kensington
This edition copyright © 2020 Lion Hudson IP Limited
The author and contributors assert the moral right to be identified as the author and contributors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Published by Lion Hudson Limited Wilkinson House, Jordan Hill Business Park Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 8DR, England www .lionhudson .com
ISBN 978 1 9125 5252 8 e-ISBN 978 1 9125 5243 6
First edition 2007
Acknowledgments Scripture quotations taken from The New Revised Standard Version of the Bible copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches in the USA. Used by permission. All Rights Reserved.
All maps and diagrams by Richard Watts of Total Media Services.
Cover image: copyright © Peter Adams Photography/Shutterstock
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
 
CONTENTS
Timeline of Christian History
Introduction
1. A New Age of Exploration
Africa
Portugal and ‘Pepper and Souls’
Settlers and Missionaries
Congo and the Slave Trade
The Capuchin Missions
Angola
Ethiopia and the re-Catholicization Experiment
The Dutch and African Protestantism
South America
The Colonies and the Slaves
The Missionaries
Vasco De Quiroga, the Jesuits, and the Utopian Dream
Indigenous Catholicism
North America
A Catholic Superstate: New France
The British Colonies
The Puritan Fathers: A new theocracy? (Jeremy Bangs)
Missions to India
The Far East
The Missions to Japan
Matteo Ricci in China
New Missions
Persecution and Clampdown
The Rites Controversy
Indonesia
The Philippines
2. Reason and Revival
The Dawn of Modernity
Faith and Reason
Cartesianism
Rationalism
Socinianism and Unitarianism
Deism
Enlightenment in North America
Enlightenment in Russia
Ukraine and Russia
Nikon and the Old Believers
Catherine ‘the Great’ and the re-Christianization of Russia (Paul Steeves)
Peter ‘The Great’
The Roots of Revival
Catholic Spirituality
Pietism
The Moravians
The Great Awakening
The Caribbean
The British Revivals
John Wesley and the Methodists (David Hempton)
From Revivalism to Evangelicalism
3. The West After the Enlightenment
New Wars, New Europe
The Jacobins
Napoleon Bonaparte and Pius VII
A New Europe and a New Papacy
Manifest Destiny and New Revivals
The Second Great Awakening
New Preaching, New Sects
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Douglas Davies)
Missions to the Slaves
The Social Challenge
The Abolition of Slavery
The Industrial Revolution and New Social Conditions
The Evangelicals
Social Activism
Industrial Philanthropy
Romanticism
Hegel and the dialectic (Samuel Powell)
Romantic Theology
The Crisis of Faith
Darwinism (Jon Roberts)
Liberal Christianity
The Critics
Liberal Theology
The Social Gospel
Battening Down the Hatches
The Catholic Response
The Protestant Response
The ‘Struggle of Cultures’
Science Versus Religion
The Oxford Movement (Peter Nockles)
Anti-Clericalism in Europe
Revival in Russia
The Startsy
Orthodoxy Goes East
Spirituality in literature: The great Russian novelists (Malcolm Jones)
4. The Age of Colonialism
New Worlds, New Challenges
The Scramble for Africa
The First African Protestants
Sierra Leone: An Experiment in African Freedom
Samuel Crowther and the Nigerian Missions
Fetishism and Syncretism
The Renewal of European Mission
Central Africa
Southern Africa
Africa Ascendant: Ethiopia in the Nineteenth Century
The Second ‘New World’
The South Seas
Australia
New Zealand
India
The Tamil Missions
The East India Company and the Rise of Anglicanism
The Baptist Missions
Roman Catholics and Romo-Syrians
The Malankara Church
East Asia
China
Hong Xiuquan and the God worshippers (Thomas Reilly)
Japan
Indonesia
5. Modern Europe
A Changing Eastern Europe
The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans
The Communist Revolutions
Orthodoxy under communism (Philip Walters)
The End of the Communist Era
Eastern Europe After Communism
Modernism to Postmodernism: Western Europe
The First World War and the End of the Modern Project
The Age of the Dictators
Dialectical theology (Timothy Bradshaw)
After the Holocaust
The 1960s and a Post-Christian Europe
Radical Movements
Bones and Councils: A Revitalised Roman Catholicism
A New Social Agenda
The ecumenical movement (Charles Hill)
6. Modern America and Oceania
Unity Out of Diversity
The Canadian Churches
Protestants and Catholics in the USA
Old-Time Religion: The American Civil War
The Legacy of the Awakenings
Preachers, Revivals and a New Evangelicalism
Students and Free Dinners: Evangelicals Worldwide
New Movements, New Controversies
The African American Experience
Pentecostalism
Christianity and equality: Martin Luther King (Ira Zepp)
Conservatives and Liberals
The ‘Religious Right’
The American Catholic Church and Sexual Abuse
The Latin American Experience
‘Red Mexico’
The Renewal of Latin Catholicism
Socialism and Liberation
Protestantism
The Pacific
The Antipodes
The Pacific Churches
7. Modern Asia
India
Christian Hinduism and the Nationalist Movement
The Malankara Church Before National Independence
The Post-Independence Churches
Christian Ashrams
China
New Challenges
The Search for an Indigenous Christianity
Russian Orthodoxy in China
The Christian Manifesto and the Three-Self Movement
Catholicism Under Communism
The Cultural Revolution
After the Revolution
The Kakure Kirishitan (Mark Williams)
Japan
The Imperial Rescript on Education
The United Church of Christ
The Nonchurch Movement
The Christ Heart Church
Japanese Pentecostalism
The Way
Christianity in Japanese Society
Korea
The Beginnings
The Persecutions
Korea Opens Up
From the Japanese Occupation to the Divided Nations
The Rejuvenation
South-East Asia
The Philippines
Indonesia
8. Modern Africa
The End of the Colonial Period
Colonialism, War and the Move to Autonomy
Leading the Way: Catholicism in East Africa
Central Africa: New Missions, New Growth
Growth and Conflict in West Africa
New Prophets, New Movements
Independent Africa
Southern Africa
John Mbiti and the development of African theology (Ogbu Kalu)
The Spirit and the Law: Pentecostalism and the African Initiated Churches
African church music (Patrick Chukwudezie Chibuko)
The Ancient African Churches
Glossary
Contributors
Bibliography
Index
 
TIMELINE OF CHRISTIAN HISTORY c. 30   Execution of Jesus of Nazareth. c. 49   Council of Jerusalem establishes that Christians do not have to be Jewish. c. 50–c.64   Paul writes letters to different churches. c. 64   First persecution of Christians, under Nero. Deaths of Peter, Paul, and James the Just. c. 66–c. 95   Probable dates of the four Gospels. 70   Destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem. c. 90   Council of Jamnia marks break between Christianity and Judaism. c. 95   Persecution under Domitian. c. 107   Ignatius of Antioch writes to seven churches. c. 180   Irenaeus of Lyons writes On the so-called gnosis . c. 190   Osrhoene becomes the first officially Christian state. c. 230   Origen of Alexandria writes On first principles . 250   Persecution under Decius. 303–11   Persecution under Diocletian and Galerius. c. 310s–370s   Persecutions in Persia under Shapur II. 313   Edict of Milan legalizes Christianity. 325   Council of Nicaea condemns Arianism. 330   Constantinople founded as the Christian capital of the Roman empire. c. 330   Pachomius writes the first Rule for a Christian monastery. 381   Council of Constantinople condemns Arianism again. 380s   Emperor Theodosius effectively establishes Christianity as the official religion of Rome. 393   A council at Hippo establishes the canon of the Bible. 417   Pope Innocent I condemns Pelagius. c. 426   Augustine of Hippo completes City of God . 431   Council of Ephesus condemns Nestorius. c. 433   Patrick lands in Ireland and converts King Laoghaire. 451   Council of Chalcedon condemns Eutyches. 484   Roman synod excommunicates Acacius of Constantinople over the Henoticon , marking the first official break between the two churches. c. 500   Pseudo-Dionysius writes The mystical theology . c. 530   Benedict of Nursia writes his Rule. 537   Dedication of new cathedral of Hagia Sophia, Constantinople. 553   Second Council of Constantinople condemns the ‘Three Chapters’. 590   Gregory the Great becomes Pope. 627   Emperor Heraclius conquers Ctesiphon and restores the ‘True Cross’ to Jerusalem. 630s   Persia, Egypt, Armenia, and Levant conquered by Muslims. 652   Christian Makuria and Muslim Egypt agree the baqt treaty. 664   Synod of Whitby decrees that England will use Roman, not Celtic, rites. 680   Third Council of Constantinople condemns monotheletism. 725   Emperor Leo III begins crackdown on icons. c. 780   Stele of Xian records the state of the Chinese church. 787