Templars and Hospitallers as Professed Religious in the Holy Land

Jonathan Riley-Smith

Description

The Templars and the Hospitallers were the two earliest and most famous of the major Military Orders of the Roman Catholic Church from the early twelfth to the middle of the thirteenth century. In this book, Jonathan Riley-Smith attends to the Templars' and Hospitallers' primary role as religious orders, not as military phenomena or economic powerhouses. In a prologue, four chapters, and an epilogue, Riley-Smith discusses the origins of the orders in dedication to the protection of pilgrims to the Holy Land (Templars) and to the care of the poor and the sick among them (Hospitallers). He examines their traditions and early history, the organization of their communities, modes of governance, and, in the fourth chapter, important differences between the orders and a brief account of their respective fates in the wake of the Crusades. The Templars were eventually persecuted by the Church and the order suppressed. Riley-Smith speculates that the violent end of the order was caused both by jealousy of its wealth and by internal problems of governance that left it vulnerable to accusations of conducting blasphemous rites. The Hospitallers survived in one form or another to the present day; vestiges of the original order inform the contemporary Knights of Malta.

Sujets

• HISTORY
• Philosophie et théologie
• Great Britain
• Religion
• Islam
• Germany
• Europe

Informations

• Publié par: University of Notre Dame Press
• Date de parution: 15 novembre 2009
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780268091712
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 3 Mo

Extrait

T EMPLARS AND H OSPITALLERS AS PROFESSED RELIGIOUS IN THE HOLY LAND

Jonathan RileySmith

T e m p l a r s a n d Ho s p i ta l l e r s

medieval institute

University of Notre Dame

The Conway Lectures in Medieval Studies 2008

The Medieval Institute gratefully acknowledges the generosity of Robert M. Conway and his support for the lecture series and publications resulting from it.

                          :

Paul Strohm Politique: Languages of Statecraft between Chaucer and Shakespeare(2005)

Ulrich Horst, O.P. The Dominicans and the Pope: Papal Teaching Authority in the Medieval and Early Modern Thomist Tradition(2006)

Rosamond McKitterick Perceptions of the Past in the Early Middle Ages(2006)

Templars

and

Hospitallers

as Professed Religious in the Holy Land

J o n at h a n R i l e y S m i t h

University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana

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Copyright ©2010by the University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana46556 www.undpress.nd.edu All Rights Reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Riley-Smith, Jonathan Simon Christopher,1938‒ Templars and Hospitallers as professed religious in the Holy Land / Jonathan Riley-Smith. p. cm. — (The Conway lectures in medieval studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. 13: 9780268040581(pbk. : alk. paper) 10: 0268040583(pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Templars —History —To1500.2—History —To. Hospitalers 1500. 3—History.. Military religious orders 4—History —. Mediterranean Region 476 ‒1517. I. Title. 4743.55 2009 271'.7913— dc22 2009035058

This book is printed on recycled paper.

c o n t e n t s

Preface Abbreviations Map

Prologue

One Two Three Four

The Establishment of Traditions Communities Governance Two Very Different Orders

Epilogue

Notes Bibliography Index

vii ix xi

1

9 25 43 61

67

71 105 119

p r e fa c e

I began to work on the Military Orders nearly half a century ago, when my research supervisor at Cambridge, R. C. Smail, pro- vided me with a wonderful topic. Beginners need projects that every- one agrees ought to be undertaken and for which the materials are easily available. The activities in the Latin East of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem badly needed re-examination. Most of the archival material had been published around1900in a four- volumeCartulaire général,and the only serious monograph had been published at about the same time. The history of the kingdom of Jeru- salem, where the order had its headquarters, had been transformed in the1950s by the researches of Jean Richard in France and Joshua Prawer in Israel. Once the PhD dissertation had turned itself into a book I moved on to other topics, although I continued to publish occasional pieces on the Hospitallers. In the late1990s, feeling that the time had come for me to concentrate on the Military Orders once again, I began to look closely at the Templars, with the intention of writing a book on their order as a religious one. Illness intervened, but when an invitation arrived from the University of Notre Dame to deliver the Robert M. Conway Lectures I thought it might be useful to put together the work I had done over the years in a comparative study of the Templars and Hospitallers as professed brothers of orders of the Church stationed

vii

viii

preface

in the Levant. I have rearranged some of the material in the lectures for the purposes of publication. I would like to thank the Medieval Institute of the University of Notre Dame, and Professors Thomas Noble and Olivia Remie Con- stable, for their invitation and their hospitality. I am grateful to Bar- bara Hanrahan and Matthew Dowd of the University of Notre Dame Press for their support and efficiency.

Cambridge J. S. C. R-S.

a b b r e v i at io n s

AOL Cart Hosp

CCCM MGHS

PL

Procès QFIAB

RHC

RHC Oc ROL

Archives de l’Orient Latin

Cartulaire général de l’ordre des Hospitaliers,ed. Delaville Le Roulx

Corpus Christianorum, Continuatio Medievalis

Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores in Folio et Quarto,ed. Georg H. Pertz et al.,39vols so far (Hanover and Leipzig,1826 ‒).

Patrologiae Cursus Completus. Series Latina,comp. Jacques P. Migne,217vols and4vols of indexes (Paris,1841‒ 64).

Le procès des Templiers,ed. Michelet

Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken

Recueil des historiens des croisades,ed. Académie des In- scriptions et Belles Lettres (Paris,1841‒1906).

RHC Historiens occidentaux,5vols (Paris,1844 ‒ 95).

Revue de l’Orient Latin

ix