The Cult of St Ursula and the 11,000 Virgins

Description

The cult of St Ursula and the 11,000 virgins was one of the most popular and relic-rich of all saints’ cults in the medieval period. This volume constitutes the first interdisciplinary collection of essays in English to explore the development and transmission of the legend of St Ursula in detail, considering a wealth of different sources including physical remains, literary texts, artistic representations and medieval music.

Sujets

• Sainthood
• Philosophie et théologie
• Christianity
• Religion
• Saints

Informations

• Publié par: University of Wales Press
• Date de parution: 15 juin 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781783168699
• Langue: English

Extrait

THE CULT OF ST URSULA AND THE 11,000 VIRGINS
Er cof am fy ngŵr
In memory of my husband
John Haydn Thomas Hughes 1967–2014
THE CULT OF ST URSULA AND THE 11,000 VIRGINS
Edited by Jane Cartwright

UNIVERSITY OF WALES PRESS 2016
© The Contributors, 2016
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for the copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff CF10 4UP.
www.uwp.co.uk
British Library CIP Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-78316-867-5 eISBN 978-1-7831-6869-9
The rights of the Contributors to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Cover image: Detail of the martyrdom of St Ursula and the 11,000 virgins in the St Mary Magdalene Altar from Berki, 1480-90. Coll. Magyar Nemzeti Galéria/Hungarian National Gallery, photograph by Anna Tüskés.
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
List of Figures
List of Abbreviations
Contributors
Introduction
Jane Cartwright
1 What’s in a Name? Navigating Nomenclature in the Cult of St Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins
Scott B. Montgomery
2 The Church of St Ursula in Cologne: Inscriptions and Excavations
Klaus Militzer
3 St Ursula and the Military Religious Orders
Helen Nicholson
4 From St Pinnosa to St Ursula – The Development of the Cult of Cologne’s Virgins in Medieval Liturgical Offices
Kristin Hoefener
5 Hildegard (1098–1179) and the Virgin Martyrs of Cologne
William Flynn
6 Ursula in the British History Tradition
Elizabeth J. Bryan
7 Saint Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins: the Middle English Legenda aurea Tradition
William Marx
8 The Middle Welsh Life of St Ursula and the 11,000 Virgins
Jane Cartwright
9 The Cult of St Ursula in Hungary: Legend, Altars and Reliquaries
Anna Tüskés
10 St Ursula and the 11,000 Virgins in Scandinavia and Iceland in the Middle Ages
Margaret Cormack
11 Radiant Maidens and Butchered Brides: Finding St Ursula in Icelandic Literature
Katelin Parsons
12 Male Martyrs, Female Models? St Ursula and St Acacius as Leaders and Victims
Samantha Riches
Bibliography
Notes
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
M any thanks to all who attended and took part in the international conference on ‘St Ursula and the 11,000 virgins’ in Carmarthen in July 2013. I would particularly like to thank the Hildegard Singers who kindly travelled from the USA to Wales to perform some of the beautiful medieval songs venerating Ursula that are discussed in this volume. Thanks also to all of my students (and former students) on the MA in Celtic Studies who have enthusiastically participated in various discussions on Welsh and international saints. I am grateful to the School of Welsh and Bilingual Studies and the Faculty of Education and Training at the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, Christine Jones, Gwilym Dyfri Jones, Siân Wyn Siencyn and Mike Phillips for supporting the conference and encouraging me to edit the volume. Thanks to Sarah Lewis, Helgard Krause, Siân Chapman, Dafydd Jones, the anonymous reader and the staff at the University of Wales Press for guiding the book through the press. I am particularly grateful to Marion Löffler for translating Klaus Militzer’s chapter from German into English. I would also like to thank Daniel Huws, Magdalena Ӧhrman, Anthony Lappin, Tristan Gray Hulse, Cinzia Sertorio, Rory Geoghegan, Ben Guy, John Morgan-Guy and my colleagues on the AHRC-funded ‘The Cult of Saints in Wales’ project at the Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies, Ann Parry Owen, Alaw Mai Edwards, Jenny Day, Barry Lewis, David Parsons, Eurig Salisbury and Dafydd Johnston for their support. Finally I would like to thank all of the contributors without whom this volume would not have been possible.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Clematius inscription, south wall of choir, church of the Eleven Thousand Virgins Cologne, Germany, photographer Scott B. Montgomery
Figure 2: Plan of the church of the Eleven Thousand Virgins, Cologne, taken from Paul Clemen (ed.), Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln. Im Auftrage des Provinzialverbandes der Rheinprovinz und der Stadt Köln (Düsseldorf: L. Schwann, 1934), p. 26
Figure 3: Shrine of SS Ursula, Etherius and Hippolytus taken from Paul Clemen (ed.), Die Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt Köln. Im Auftrage des Provinzialverbandes der Rheinprovinz und der Stadt Köln (Düsseldorf: L. Schwann, 1934), p. 49
Figure 4: Beginning of the Office of the 11,000 virgins, Letis canamus (Magnificat antiphon, 1st Vespers), MS Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibl. Clm 9921, fol. 54r, c .1167 (referred to as source O in Chapter 4)
Figure 5: Fresco of St Ursula from Torna/Turna nad Bodvou (Slovakia), photographer József Lángi
Figure 6: Altar of St Anne from Kisszeben/Sabinov (Slovakia), c .1465, Hungarian National Gallery, photographer Anna Tüskés
Figure 7: St Martin High-Altar from Szepeshely/Spišské Pohradie (Slovakia), 1470–78, photographer Gyula Czimbal
Figure 8: St Mary Magdalene Altar from Berki (today Slovakia), 1480–90, Hungarian National Gallery, photographer Anna Tüskés
Figure 9: Veneration of St Ursula in the North (Chapter 10, p. 226); map by Eric Ross
Figure 10: Drinking horn, National Museum of Iceland nr. 5206, by permission, photographer Ívar Brynjólfsson
Figure 11: Martyrdom of St Acacius woodcut by Dürer c .1497, by permission of the Warburg Photographic Collection
Figure 12: Martyrdom of St Acacius, parish church of Boian/Bonnesdorf c .1520, photographer Ciprean Firea
Figure 13: Martyrdom of St Acacius, parish church of Medias/Mediasch c .1430, photographer Ciprean Firea
Figure 14: St Ursula and companions undertaking nautical manoeuvres, the church of St Ursula, Cologne c .1456, by permission of Rheinisches Bildarchiv, Cologne
Figure 15: Death of Etherius, fifteenth century, by permission of the Victoria and Albert Museum
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
AM Manuscript in the Árni Magnússon collection at the Árni Magnússon Institute in Reykjavík and the Arnamagnæan Institute in the University of Copenhagen
AN prose Brut The Oldest Anglo-Norman Prose Brut Chronicle: An Edition and Translation , ed. and trans. Julia Marvin, Medieval Chronicles, 4 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2006)
AOM Malta, Valetta, National Library of Malta: Archives of the Order of Malta
AS Octobris Acta sanctorum octobris tomus IX , eds Victor de Buck et al. (Antwerp, Brussels, Tongerloo, Paris: Société des Bollandistes, 1858), pp. 73–303
CCCM Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis (Turnhout: Brepols, 1971–)
DI Diplomatarium Islandicum – Íslenzkt Fornbréfasafn , 16 vols (Copenhagen and Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka bókmenntafélag, 1858–1972)
DIMEV Digital Index of Middle English Verse
DMLBS Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources , prepared by R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, and Richard Ashdowne (London: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1975–)
EETS OS Early English Texts Society, original series
GL Jacobus de Voragine, The Golden Legend , ed. and trans. W. Granger Ryan, 2 vols (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993)
KHL Kulturhistorisk Leksikon for nordisk middelalder fra vikingetid til reformationstid , 22 vols (Copenhagen: Rosenkilde og Bagger, 1956–78)
Legenda aurea Legenda aurea , ed. Giovanni Paolo Maggioni, 2nd edn, 2 vols (Florence: Sismel, 1998)
Légende dorée La légende dorée: édition critique, dans la révision de 1476 par Jean Batallier, d’après la traduction de Jean de Vignay (1333–1348) de la Legenda aurea ( c .1261–1266 ), ed. Brenda Dunn-Lardeau (Paris: H. Champion, 1997)
LDO Hildegard of Bingen, Liber diuinorum operum , eds A. Derolez and P. Dronke, CCCM 92 (Turnhout: Brepols, 1996)
MED Middle English Dictionary , eds Hans Kurath, Sherman Kuhm, Robert E. Lewis et al. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1954–2001)
ME prose Brut The Brut or The Chronicles of England , ed. Friedrich W. D. Brie, EETS OS 131 and 136 (1906, 1908; repr. as one volume, 2000)
MET Middle English Texts (Heidelberg)
MGH, AA Monumenta Germaniae historica [. . .] , edidit Societas Aperiendis Fontibus Rerum Germanicarum Medii Aevi. Auctores antiquissimi , 15 vols (Berlin: Weidmann, 1877–1919)
MGH, SS Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores, Monumenta Germaniae historica [. . .] auspiciis Societatis Aperiendis Fontibus Rerum Germanicarum Medii Aevi. Scriptores , eds G.H. Pertz [et al.], (Hannover: Hann, 1826–)
MGH, SS rer. Germ. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum ex monumentis Germaniae historicis recuit fecit , eds G. H. Pertz [et al.] (Hannover: Hahn, 1871–)
NIMEV Julia Boffey and A. S. G. Edwards, A New Index of Middle English Verse (London: The British Library, 2005)
NLW National Library of Wales
PL Patrologiae cursus completus [ . . . ] Series Latina [ . . . ], ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris: Migne, 1844–64).
RCAHMW Royal Commission for Ancient and Historic Monuments Wales
SEL South English Legendary
STC A. W. Pollard and G. R. Redgrave, A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of English Books Printed Abroad 1475–1640 , 2nd edn, revised and enlarged by W. A. Jackson, F. S. Ferguson, and K. F. Pantzer, 3 vols (London: The Bibliographical Society, 1976–91)
Thott Manuscript collection in the Danish Royal Library, Copenhagen
Tout LSU Mrs. T.F. (Mary) Tout, ‘The Legend of St Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins’, in T. F. Tout and J. Tait (eds), Historical Essays by Members of the Owens College, Manchester Published on Commemoration of it