Mountains

Park Graham

Description

Outstanding Academic Title Choice, magazine of the Association of College Research Libraries, American Library Association.Most mountains on Earth occur within relatively well-defined, narrow belts separated by wide expanses of much lower-lying ground. Their distribution is not random but is caused by the now well-understood geological processes of plate tectonics. Some mountains mark the site of a former plate collision where one continental plate has ridden up over another, resulting in a zone of highly deformed and elevated rocks. Others are essentially volcanic in origin.The most obvious mountain belts today the Himalayas, the Alps and the Andes, for example - are situated at currently active plate boundaries. Others, such as the Caledonian mountains of the British Isles and Scandinavia, are the product of a plate collision that happened far in the geological past and have no present relationship to a plate boundary. These are much lower, with a generally gentler relief, worn down through millennia of erosion.The presently active mountain belts are arranged in three separate systems: the Alpine-Himalayan ranges, the circum-Pacific belt and the mid-ocean ridges. Much of the Alpine-Himalayan belt is relatively well known, but large parts of the circum-Pacific and ocean-ridge systems are not nearly as familiar, but contain equally impressive mountain ranges despite large parts being partly or wholly submerged.This book takes the reader along the active mountain systems explaining how plate tectonic processes have shaped them, then looks more briefly at some of the older mountain systems whose tectonic origins are more obscure. It is aimed at those with an interest in mountains and in developing an understanding of the geological processes that create them.

Sujets

• Mountains
• Sciences et techniques
• Mountain

Informations

• Publié par: Dunedin Academic Press
• Date de parution: 09 novembre 2017
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781780465791
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 8 Mo

Extrait

MOUNTAINS
The origins of the Earth’s mountain systems
Graham Park
Contents Sourced illustrations Preface and acknowledgements 1 Introduction 2 Historical views 3 Plate-tectonic framework 4 The Western Mediterranean 5 The Central Mediterranean: Alps and Apennines 6 The Carpathians, the Balkans and Turkey 7 Iran to Pakistan 8 The India-Asia collision zone 9 Southeast Asia 10 The Western Pacific rim 11 The North American Cordillera 12 Central America, the Andes and Antarctica 13 The ocean ridges 14 Older Mountain Belts Glossary References and Further Reading Index
Sourced illustrations
The following illustrations are reproduced by permission:
Shutterstock: figures 2.1 , 4.2 , 4.8 , 4.11 , 4.14 , 5.1 , 5.6 , 5.7 , 5.9 , 5.11 , 6.3 , 6.4 , 6.8 , 6.11 , 6.13 , 7.1 , 8.1 , 9.1 , 9.4 , 10.1 , 10.8 , 10.10 , 11.1 , 11.3 , 11.5 , 11.9 , 11.10 , 12.2 , 12.5 , 12.6 , 12.9 , 13.1 , 13.7 .
Science Photo Library: 7.4 , 13.17 .
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Figure 5.4 : (A, C): Schmid, S.M., Fügenschuh, B., Kissling, E. and Schuster, R. (2004) Tectonic map and overall architecture of the Alpine orogeny. Eclogae geologicae Helvetica, 97, 93–117; (B): Handy, M.R., Schmid, S.M., Bousquet, R., Kissling, E. and Bernoulli, D. (2010) Reconciling plate-tectonic reconstructions of Alpine Tethys with the geological–geophysical record of spreading and subduction in the Alps. Earth Science Reviews, 102, 121–158.
Figure 5.5 : (A) Pfiffner, A. (2014) Geology of the Alps, Chichester: Wiley Blackwell. (B) Dietrich, D. and Song, H. (1984) Calcite fabrics in a natural shear environment, the Helvetic nappes of Switzerland. Journal of Structural Geology, 6, 19–32.
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Figure 6.9 : Robertson, A.F., Parlak, O, and Ustaömer, T. (2009) Mélange genesis and ophiolite emplacement related to subduction of the northern margin of the Tauride–Anatolide continent, central and western Turkey. In: D.J.J. Van Hinsbergen, M. A. Edwards and R. Govers (eds) Collision and collapse at the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia subduction zone. The Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311 , 9–66.
Figure 6.10 : (A) Okay, A.I. (2000) Geology of Turkey: a synopsis, Anschnitt, 21, 19–42. (B) Dilek, Y. and Altunkaynak, S. (2009) Geochemical and temporal evolution of Cenozoic magmatism in western Turkey: mantle response to collision, slab break-off, and lithosphere tearing in an orogenic belt. In: D.J. Van Hinsbergen, M.A. Edwards and R. Glover (eds) Collision and collapse at the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia subduction zone. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311 , 213–233.
Figure 6.12 : Okay, A.I. (2000) Geology of Turkey: a synopsis, Anschnitt, 21, 19–42.
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Figure 7.2 : Paul, A., Hatzfeld, D., Kaviani, A. and Péquegnat, C. (2010) Seismic imaging of the lithospheric structure of the Zagros mountain belt, (Iran). In: P. Leturmy and C. Robin (eds) Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of Zagros and Makran during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 330, 5–18.
Figure 7.3 : Regard, V., Hatzfield, D., Molinaro, M., Aubourg, C., Bayer, R., Bellier, O., Yamini-Fard, F., Peyret, M. and Abassi, M. (2010) The transition between Makran subduction and the Zagros collision: recent advances in its structure and active deformation. In: P. Leturmy and C. Robin (eds) Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of Zagros and Makran during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 330, 43–64.
Figure 7.5 , 7.6 : Mc