The Handy Anatomy Answer Book

Thomas E. Svarney, Patricia Barnes-Svarney

Description

Two established science writers and researchers distill and present the latest and most important information on anatomy and physiology in an easy-to-use, question-and-answer approach.

We all have one. The human body. But do we really know all of its parts and how they work? The Handy Anatomy Answer Book is the key to unlocking this door to a wondrous world. Learn how the body heals wounds. Untangle the mysteries of eyesight. Discover how cells organize themselves into organs and other tissues. From the violent battleground that is the immune system to the hundreds of miles of muscle fibers, nerves, veins, and arteries that fill our bodies, the human is a miracle waiting to be explored.

The Handy Anatomy Answer Book covers all the major body systems: integumentary (skin, hair, etc.), skeletal, muscular, nervous, sensory, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive, and, for good measure, adds chapters on growth and development and how science can help and augment the body. It follows the fascinating maze of organ systems and shows how much the body does routinely just to let you move, breathe, eat, and fight off disease. Fascinating trivia, along with serious facts, combine to answer over 1,200 questions about the human body, including …

Who were Hippocrates and Galen?

What is Gray’s Anatomy?

Do all animals need oxygen?

What are the largest, smallest, and longest cells in the human body?

What is the average lifespan of various cells in the human body?

Does exercise increase the number of muscle cells?

What is phantom limb pain?

Should ear wax be removed?

What does it mean to have 20/20 vision?

Do identical twins have the same fingerprints?

Do the hair and nails continue to grow after death?

How strong is bone?

Which is the only bone that does not touch another bone?

What does it mean when someone is “double-jointed”?

How many muscles does it take to produce a smile versus a frown?

What are tendons?

What is Botox?

What is the effect of aging on the muscular system?

What are the functions of the nervous system?

What are the causes of epilepsy?

How large is the brain?

What is a concussion?

What are the seven warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease?

What is a reflex?

How much sleep does an individual need?

How are hormones classified?

What is the difference between Type I and Type II diabetes?

Do males have estrogen and females have testosterone in their respective systems?

Why is blood sticky?

How does exercise affect the heart?

Why does blood in the veins look blue?

What is an autoimmune disease?

What are “swollen glands”?

Why is it difficult to treat viral infections with medications?

What was the earliest known vaccination?

What’s the difference between an intolerance and an allergy?

What is the Adam’s apple?

Why is it more difficult to breathe at high altitudes?

How much force does a human bite generate?

Does the stomach have a memory?

What is “gluten intolerance”?

What are the causes of obesity?

What percent of a person’s intake of water comes from drinking water?

Is urine always yellow in color?

What are the phases of the reproductive cycle?

How do the terms zygote, embryo, and fetus differ?

How does fetal blood differ form adult blood?

How are PET scans used to detect and treat cancer?

When was the first successful pacemaker invented?

What is an artificial joint?

Can humans use organs from other animals for transplants?

A glossary and index are included, along with nearly 120 color illustrations, detailed medical charts and photographs help supplement the text. This handy reference helps make the language of anatomy—as well as physiology and pathology—more understandable and less intimidating. The Handy Anatomy Answer Book is an engaging look at the topic, the historic development of the science, the personalities behind the research, and the latest controversies and scientific advancements.

Sujets

• Human Anatomy
• Life Sciences
• Sciences et techniques
• Reference
• Questions and answers
• Biology
• Physiology
• 454 Life Sciences
• Science

Informations

• Publié par: Visible Ink Press
• Date de parution: 18 janvier 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781578595891
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

About the Authors

Patricia Barnes-Svarney is a science and science fiction writer. Over the past few decades, she has written or coauthored more than 35 books, including When the Earth Moves: Rogue Earthquakes, Tremors, and Aftershocks and the award-winning New York Public Library Science Desk Reference, along with authoring several hundred magazine articles.
Thomas E. Svarney is a scientist who has written extensively about the natural world. His books, with Patricia Barnes-Svarney, include Visible Ink Press The Handy Dinosaur Answer Book, The Handy Math Answer Book, and The Handy Nutrition Answer Book ; in addition, they have written Skies of Fury: Weather Weirdness around the World and The Oryx Guide to Natural History . You can read more about their work and writing at www.pattybarnes.net.




Please visit the Handy series website at www.handyanswers.com
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Contents
A CKNOWLEDGMENTS
P HOTO C REDITS
I NTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF ANATOMY
Defining Anatomy
Studies in Anatomy
Comparing Other Organisms
ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY BASICS
Human Anatomical Terminology
Chemistry in Biology and Anatomy
Biological Compounds and the Human Body
Comparing Other Organisms
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Defining Levels of Organization in Anatomy
Cells
Tissues
Organs and Organ Systems
Homeostasis
Comparing Other Organisms
SENSORY SYSTEM
Smell
Taste
Hearing
Vision
Comparing Other Organisms
INTEGUM ENTARY SYSTEM
Introduction
Skin Structure
Skin Function
Nails
Hair
Accessory Glands
Comparing Other Organisms
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Introduction
Bone Basics
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Joints
Comparing Other Organisms
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Introduction
Organization of Muscles
Muscle Structure
Muscle Function
Comparing Other Organisms
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Introduction
Neuron Function
Central Nervous System
The Brain
Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System: Somatic Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
Learning and Memory
Sleep and Dreams
Comparing Other Organisms
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Introduction
Hormones
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Pineal Gland
Reproductive Organs
Other Sources of Hormones
Comparing Other Organisms
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Introduction
Blood
The Heart
Blood Vessels
Circulation
Comparing Other Organisms
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Introduction
Lymphatic Vessels and Organs
Nonspecific Defenses
Specific Defenses
Allergies
Comparing Other Organisms
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Introduction
Structure and Function
Respiration and Breathing
Sound Production
Comparing Other Organisms
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Introduction
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
Accessory Glands
Metabolism and Nutrition
Comparing Other Organisms
URINARY SYSTEM
Introduction
Kidneys
Accessory Organs
Urine and Its Formation
Comparing Other Organisms
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Introduction
Male Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
Conception
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Comparing Other Organisms
HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Introduction
Prenatal Development-Embryonic Period
Prenatal Development-Fetal Stage
Birth and Lactation
Postnatal Development
Comparing Other Organisms
HELPING HUMAN ANATOMY
Anatomy and Imaging Techniques
Diagnostic Techniques for Various Systems
Operations, Procedures, and Transplants
Comparing Other Organisms
F URTHER R EADING
G LOSSARY
I NDEX
Acknowledgements
W e are indebted to the authors of The Handy Anatomy Answer Book s first edition, Naomi Balaban and James Bobick. Their knowledge and research for the book made the task of revising that much easier. We would also, as always, like to thank Roger J necke for all his help, patience, and consideration, and especially for asking us to revise another Handy Answer book. Also, thanks to typesetter Marco DiVita, cover and page designer Mary Claire Krzewinski, indexer Shoshana Hurwitz, and proofreaders Larry Baker and Sharon R. Gunton. Our editor, Kevin Hile, always gets special kudos from us-he s the best. And an extra special thanks to Agnes Birnbaum, who not only helps us with the intricacies of publishing but has been a wonderful friend for many, many years (and we hope many more).
We would also like to express our thanks to all the scientists, researchers, and health care professionals who deal with anatomy of the human body. We are not all alike, and trying to figure out what is best for everyone s internal [some say infernal] configuration is an immense task. We know so much more about human anatomy than we did even five years ago. And we have no doubt we will know more in the near and far future thanks to their expertise and efforts.
Photo Sources
Backrach (Wikicommons): p. 40.
Bruce Blaus (Wikicommons): pp. 35, 255.
OpenStax College: pp. 33, 102.
H. Pollock: p. 6.
Shutterstock: pp. 1, 9, 14, 17, 20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 37, 43, 44, 46, 48, 51, 54, 56, 58, 61, 63, 65, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 87, 88, 91, 93, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 106, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 137, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 149, 152, 153, 156, 158, 159, 163, 164, 167, 168, 172, 174, 177, 179, 181, 184, 185, 189, 191, 192, 194, 198, 201, 203, 205, 207, 211, 212, 214, 217, 219, 222, 224, 227, 228, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 239, 243, 247, 249, 250, 252, 253, 257, 261, 264, 268, 270, 271, 273, 275, 277, 278, 281, 285, 286, 287, 289, 291, 293, 295, 297, 299, 300, 303, 305, 309, 311, 314, 315, 319, 321, 325, 326, 328, 330, 331, 333, 335, 337, 338, 339,
Welcome Trust: p. 2.
Public domain: pp. 4, 23, 317.
Introduction
The human body is a wondrous, incredible, natural, compact unit of muscle, bone, fat, cartilage, tissues, cells, genes, and a multitude of other major and minor elements. Bodies vary from person to person, thanks to genetics and how your cells grew from a single egg to the person you are today-but overall, they still have certain distinct characteristics.
At this time, understanding all the characteristics of the human body is not possible. But the continuing goal of scientists and health care professionals is to unravel more of the intricacies of the body to truly see what makes us tick. Two major byproducts of this understanding are to eradicate certain devastating diseases and to prolong our lives, while remaining healthy, of course.
This book presents some of the latest in these anatomical studies. It includes all the systems of the human body (and some interesting comparisons between humans and other animal species). It offers some of the history behind anatomic and physiologic studies, and the basics of anatomy. It gives the most recent techniques and