The Handy Anatomy Answer Book

Thomas E. Svarney, Patricia Barnes-Svarney

Description

Two established science writers and researchers distill and present the latest and most important information on anatomy and physiology in an easy-to-use, question-and-answer approach.

We all have one. The human body. But do we really know all of its parts and how they work? The Handy Anatomy Answer Book is the key to unlocking this door to a wondrous world. Learn how the body heals wounds. Untangle the mysteries of eyesight. Discover how cells organize themselves into organs and other tissues. From the violent battleground that is the immune system to the hundreds of miles of muscle fibers, nerves, veins, and arteries that fill our bodies, the human is a miracle waiting to be explored.

The Handy Anatomy Answer Book covers all the major body systems: integumentary (skin, hair, etc.), skeletal, muscular, nervous, sensory, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive, and, for good measure, adds chapters on growth and development and how science can help and augment the body. It follows the fascinating maze of organ systems and shows how much the body does routinely just to let you move, breathe, eat, and fight off disease. Fascinating trivia, along with serious facts, combine to answer over 1,200 questions about the human body, including …

Who were Hippocrates and Galen?

What is Gray’s Anatomy?

Do all animals need oxygen?

What are the largest, smallest, and longest cells in the human body?

What is the average lifespan of various cells in the human body?

Does exercise increase the number of muscle cells?

What is phantom limb pain?

Should ear wax be removed?

What does it mean to have 20/20 vision?

Do identical twins have the same fingerprints?

Do the hair and nails continue to grow after death?

How strong is bone?

Which is the only bone that does not touch another bone?

What does it mean when someone is “double-jointed”?

How many muscles does it take to produce a smile versus a frown?

What are tendons?

What is Botox?

What is the effect of aging on the muscular system?

What are the functions of the nervous system?

What are the causes of epilepsy?

How large is the brain?

What is a concussion?

What are the seven warning signs of Alzheimer’s disease?

What is a reflex?

How much sleep does an individual need?

How are hormones classified?

What is the difference between Type I and Type II diabetes?

Do males have estrogen and females have testosterone in their respective systems?

Why is blood sticky?

How does exercise affect the heart?

Why does blood in the veins look blue?

What is an autoimmune disease?

What are “swollen glands”?

Why is it difficult to treat viral infections with medications?

What was the earliest known vaccination?

What’s the difference between an intolerance and an allergy?

What is the Adam’s apple?

Why is it more difficult to breathe at high altitudes?

How much force does a human bite generate?

Does the stomach have a memory?

What is “gluten intolerance”?

What are the causes of obesity?

What percent of a person’s intake of water comes from drinking water?

Is urine always yellow in color?

What are the phases of the reproductive cycle?

How do the terms zygote, embryo, and fetus differ?

How does fetal blood differ form adult blood?

How are PET scans used to detect and treat cancer?

When was the first successful pacemaker invented?

What is an artificial joint?

Can humans use organs from other animals for transplants?

A glossary and index are included, along with nearly 120 color illustrations, detailed medical charts and photographs help supplement the text. This handy reference helps make the language of anatomy—as well as physiology and pathology—more understandable and less intimidating. The Handy Anatomy Answer Book is an engaging look at the topic, the historic development of the science, the personalities behind the research, and the latest controversies and scientific advancements.

Sujets

• Human Anatomy
• Life Sciences
• Sciences et techniques
• Reference
• Questions and answers
• Biology
• Physiology
• 454 Life Sciences
• Science

Informations

• Publié par: Visible Ink Press
• Date de parution: 18 janvier 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781578595884
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 17 Mo

Extrait

About the Authors

Patricia BarnesSvarneyis a science and science fiction writer. Over the past few decades, she has written or coauthored more than 35 books, in cludingWhen the Earth Moves: Rogue Earth quakes, Tremors, and Aftershocksand the awardwinningNew York Public Library Science Desk Reference,along with authoring several hundred magazine articles.

Thomas E. Svarneyis a scientist who has written extensively about the natural world. His books, with Patricia BarnesSvarney, include Vis ible Ink Press’The Handy Dinosaur Answer Book, The Handy Math Answer Book,andThe Handy Nutrition Answer Book; in addition, they have writtenSkies of Fury: Weather Weirdness around the WorldandThe Oryx Guide to Natural History. You can read more about their work and writing at www.pattybarnes.net.

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Copyright © 2016 by Visible Ink Press® THE This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable HANDY licable laws. copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other app ANATOMY No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without per mission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written ANSWER for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or website. BOOK All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Visible Ink Press® 43311 Joy Rd., #414 Canton, MI 481872075

Visible Ink Press is a registered trademark of Visible Ink Press LLC.

Most Visible Ink Press books are available at special quantity discounts when purchased in bulk by corporations, organizations, or groups. Customized printings, special imprints, messages, and excerpts can be produced to meet your needs. For more information, contact Special Markets Director, Visible Ink Press, www.visibleink.com, or 734667 3211.

Managing Editor: Kevin S. Hile Art Director: Mary Claire Krzewinski Typesetting: Marco DiVita Proofreaders: Larry Baker and Sharon R. Gunton Indexer: Shoshana Hurwitz Cover images: Shutterstock.

CataloginginPublication Data is on file at the Library of Congress.

Printed in China.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Contents

A CKNOWLEDGMENTS …ix P HOTO C REDITS …x I NTRODUCTION …xi

HISTORY OF ANATOMY … 1 Defining Anatomy (1) … Studies in Anatomy (2) … Comparing Other Organisms (7)

ANATOMY AND BIOLOGY BASICS … 9 Human Anatomical Terminology (9) … Chemistry in Biology and Anatomy (12) … Biological Compounds and the Human Body (15) … Comparing Other Organisms (18)

LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION … 21 Defining Levels of Organization in Anatomy (21) … Cells (22) … Tissues (31) … Organs and Organ Systems (38) … Homeostasis (40) … Comparing Other Organisms (41)

SENSORY SYSTEM … 43 Smell (46) … Taste (48) … Hearing (50) … Vision (55) … Comparing Other Organisms (63)

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM … 67 Introduction (67) … Skin Structure (68) … Skin Function (75) … Nails (78) … Hair (79) … Accessory Glands (82) … Comparing Other Organisms (84)

SKELETAL SYSTEM … 87 Introduction (87) … Bone Basics (89) … Axial Skeleton (93) … Appendicular Skeleton (98) … Joints (102) … Comparing Other Organisms (107)

MUSCULAR SYSTEM … 109 Introduction (109) … Organization of Muscles (112) … Muscle Structure (116) … Muscle Function (120) … Comparing Other Organisms (126)

NERVOUS SYSTEM … 129 Introduction (129) … Neuron Function (131) … Central Nervous System (136) … The Brain (139) … Spinal Cord (145) … Peripheral Nervous System: Somatic

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Nervous System (146) … Peripheral Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System (150) … Learning and Memory (151) … Sleep and Dreams (154) … Comparing Other Organisms (159)

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM … 163 Introduction (163) … Hormones (164) … Pituitary Gland (167) … Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands (171) … (Adrenal Glands (176) … Pancreas (178) … Pineal Gland (182) … Reproductive Organs (182) … Other Sources of Hormones (184) … Comparing Other Organisms (186)

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM … 189 Introduction (189) … Blood (190) … The Heart (198) … Blood Vessels (202) … Circulation (205) … Comparing Other Organisms (208)

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM … 211 Introduction (211) … Lymphatic Vessels and Organs (214) … Nonspecific Defenses (217) … Specific Defenses (218) … Allergies (226) … Comparing Other Organisms (229)

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM … 231 Introduction (231) … Structure and Function (232) … Respiration and Breathing (239) … Sound Production (243) … Comparing Other Organisms (244)

F URTHER R EADING … 341 G LOSSARY … 345 I NDEX … 351

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM … 247 Introduction (247) … Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (248) … Lower Gastrointestinal Tract (255) … Accessory Glands (260) … Metabolism and Nutrition (265) … Comparing Other Organisms (272)

URINARY SYSTEM … 275 Introduction (275) … Kidneys (276) … Accessory Organs (281) … Urine and Its Formation (282) … Comparing Other Organisms (283)

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM … 285 Introduction (285) … Male Reproductive System (286) … Female Reproductive System (292) … Conception (298) … Sexually Transmitted Diseases (301) … Comparing Other Organisms (302)

HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT … 303 Introduction (303) … Prenatal Development—Embryonic Period (304) … Prenatal Development—Fetal Stage (309) … Birth and Lactation (313) … Postnatal Development (318) … Comparing Other Organisms (322)

HELPING HUMAN ANATOMY … 325 Anatomy and Imaging Techniques (325) … Diagnostic Techniques for Various Systems (329) … Operations, Procedures, and Transplants (335) … Comparing Other Organisms (340)

Acknowledgements

e are indebted to the authors ofThe Handy Anatomy Answer Book’s first edi W tion, Naomi Balaban and James Bobick. Their knowledge and research for the book made the task of revising that much easier. We would also, as always, like to thank Roger Jänecke for all his help, patience, and consideration, and especially for asking us to revise another Handy Answer book. Also, thanks to typesetter Marco Di Vita, cover and page designer Mary Claire Krzewinski, indexer Shoshana Hurwitz, and proofreaders Larry Baker and Sharon R. Gunton. Our editor, Kevin Hile, always gets special kudos from us—he’s the best. And an extra special thanks to Agnes Birn baum, who not only helps us with the intricacies of publishing but has been a won derful friend for many, many years (and we hope many more).

We would also like to express our thanks to all the scientists, researchers, and health care professionals who deal with anatomy of the human body. We are not all alike, and trying to figure out what is best for “everyone’s internal [some say infer nal] configuration” is an immense task. We know so much more about human anatomy than we did even five years ago. And we have no doubt we will know more in the near and far future thanks to their expertise and efforts.

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