Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals (2021)

Edited by Guo Huadong

Description

Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals (2021): The Belt and Road showcases the innovative practice of applying Big Earth Data to the monitoring and evaluating indicators for six SDGs,i.c., SDG 2 Zero Hunger, SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 13 Climate Action, SDG14 Life below Water, SDG 15 Life on Land, and the analysis of the interactions among multiple SDG indicators. It presents 42 case studies on 22 targets relevant to countries and regions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative. The report showcases the results of research, monitoring, and evaluation of SDGs and their indicators at four scales--local, national, regional, and global--totalling 37 data products, 19 methods and models, and 32 decision-support recommendations. These research results demonstrate China's exploration and practice in promoting the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through scientific and technological innovation, fully reveal the application value and broad prospects of Earth's big data technology in monitoring and evaluating the sustainable development goals, and open up new ways and methods to support the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through the use of advanced technologies and methods such as big data and artificial intelligence under the framework of the UN technology promotion mechanism. It can provide reference for countries to strengthen the implementation monitoring and evaluation of the agenda.This report can be read by researchers in related fields and decision makers in relevant national departments..

Preface

Foreword

Executive Summary

Chapter 1 Introduction / 1

Chapter 2. SDG 2 : Zero hunger

Background / 8

Main Contributions / 9

Case Studies / 11

2.1 Assessment of global livestock productivity and China’s contribution / 11

2.2 Dynamic changes in grassland above-ground biomass in representative East African countries / 19

2.3 Analysis of cropland area change in the 21st century in the Zambezi River basin / 27

2.4 Cropland dynamic change in the Mediterranean region from 2010 to 2020 / 34

2.5 Monitoring desert locusts in Asia and Africa / 40

2.6 Global data tracking of the CBD benefit-sharing of microbial resources / 46

2.7 Food security and agricultural sustainability inmajor regions of Asia, Europe and Africa / 51 Summary / 62

Chapter 3. SDG 6 : Clean water and sanitation

Background / 66

Main Contributions / 67

Case Studies / 69

3.1 Changes in black and odorous water bodies inrepresentative cities of Europe and Asia / 69

3.2 Monitoring and evaluating the dynamic changes in globallake water clarity / 81

3.3 Change in water transparency in Africa from 1985 to 2020/ 88

3.4 Assessment of changes in global crop water-useefficiency / 96

3.5 Comparative analysis of the implementation of IWRMand water stress in Lancang-Mekong countries / 101

3.6 Mapping of global wetland conservation priority areas/ 110 Summary / 117

Chapter 4. SDG 11 : Sustainable cities and communities 

Background / 120

Main Contributions / 121

Case Studies / 123

4.1 Monitoring shanty towns in major cities of some regionsinvolved in the Belt and Road Initiative / 123

4.2 Land cover variability and its driving factors inglobal big cities (2021) / 130

4.3 Analysis of land use efficiency for cities of thecountries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative with different urban sizes /135

4.4 Comprehensive assessment of urbanization at WorldCultural Heritage Sites in the countries involved in the Belt and RoadInitiative and the neighboring countvies / 145

4.5 Measures and findings of interference at World CulturalHeritage Sites for SDGs / 150

4.6 Monitoring and evaluation of protection indicators ofglobal World Natural Heritage Sites / 159 Summary / 165

Chapter 5. SDG 13 :  Climate action

Main Contributions / 171

Case Studies / 174

5.1 Variation in the range of heatwave influence in theEastern Hemisphere / 174

5.2 Global burned area distribution and changes / 180

5.3 Vulnerability prediction of freeze-thaw disasters inHigh-mountain Asia / 184

5.4 Flood changes and analysis of disaster reduction inPakistan from 2010 to 2020 / 190

5.5 Global CO, emissions and spatiotemporal variationsfrom gas flaring in oil production fields / 195

5.6 Temporal and spatial changes in global soil respiration andits response to climate change / 200

5.7 Impacts of land cover change on global net ecosystem productivity/207

5.8 Simulation of spatiotemporal characteristics ofEurasian glacier retreat and evaluation of its effects on water resources / 211

5.9 Monitoring and evaluation the freeze-thaw changes ofpolar ice sheet / 217

5.10 Global ocean heat content change / 227

5.11 Response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate changein Northwest China and five countries in Central Asia / 231

Summary / 239

Chapter 6. SDG 14 : Life below water

Background / 244

Main Contributions / 246

Case Studies / 247

6.1 Spatial distribution characteristics of microplasticsin representative areas of Antarctica / 247

6.2 Coastal flood monitoring products for Bangladesh from2016 to 2020 / 256

6.3 Global mangrove forests spatial distribution monitoringin 2020 / 263

6.4 Spatial distribution of global coastal aquaculture ponds/ 268

6.5 Remote sensing assessment of coastal resources inMozambique for marine spatial planning / 274

Summary / 278

 Chapter 7. SDG 15 : Life on land

Background / 282

Main Contributions / 283

Case Studies / 284

7.1 Global/regional forest cover (2020) / 284

7.2 Event-based analysis of global forest change in the 21stcentury / 289

7.3 Dynamic monitoring and control mesures of landdegradation and restoration in Mongolia (2015-2020) / 297

7.4 Ecological vulnerability assessment along theBangladesh-China- India-Myanmar Economic Corridor / 303

7.5 High-resolution global monitoring of the mountaingreen cover index / 313

Summary/318

 Chapter 8. Interactions among SDG indicators

Background / 322

Main Contributions / 325

Case Studies / 326

8.1 Trade-offs of the food-water-air quality nexus overthe breadbasket of India / 326

8.2 Simulation and analysis of land use evolution inregions involved in the Belt and Road Initiative under the constraints ofmultiple SDGs / 332

Summary / 339

Chapter 9 Summary and Prospects / 343

References / 348

Acronyms / 361

 

 

Sujets

• Environmental Science
• Sciences et techniques
• Environment
• Science
• Environnement

Informations

• Publié par: EDP Sciences
• Date de parution: 31 octobre 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9782759829378
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 356 Mo

Extrait

地球大数据支撑可持续发展目标报告2021：一带一路篇 英文版 扉页.pdf 1 2022-08-30 18:03:16
C
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CM
MY
CY
CMY
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Guo Huadong
International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
China
Map Content Approval Number: GS 京 (2022) 0849 号
ISBN: 978-7-03-071143-4
Science Press
ISBN(print): 978-2-7598-2936-1 ISBN (e Book): 978-2-7598-2937-8
EDP Sciences
© Science Press and EDP Sciences
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Penal Code.Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable
Development Goals (2021): The Belt and Road
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief: Guo Huadong
Associate Editors-in-Chief : (in alphabetical order of last name)
Chen Fang Chen Yu Dong Jinwei Han Qunli
Huang Chunlin Huang Lei Jia Gensuo Jia Li
Li Xiaosong Liang Dong Liu Jie Lu Shanlong
Sun Zhongchang Wang Futao Wu Bingfang Yu Rencheng
Zuo Lijun
Editorial Board : (in alphabetical order of last name)
Bian Jinhu Cai Guoyin Cao Min Cao Wenting
Chen Fulong Chen Min Chen Shaofeng Chen Yaxi
Dong Yingying Gao Feng Gao Xianjun He Guojin
Hu Guangcheng Hu Yonghong Huang Kan Huang Ni
Huang Wenjiang Jia Mingming Ju Weimin Li Ainong
Li Bin Li Chaopeng Li Jingxi Li Junsheng
Li Yaojun Liu Bin Liu Ge Liu Liu
Liu Ronggao Liu Wenjun Liu Yang Long Tengfei
Lu Linlin Luo Lei Luo Lihui Ma Juncai
Ma Xuanlong Ma Zhenzhen Mao Dehua Mi Xiangcheng
Peng Dailiang Qiang Wenli Shangguan Donghui Shen Qian
Shi Jinlian Song Kaishan Su Hua Sun Chengjun
Sun Liqun Tang Yunwei Tian Fuyou Tian Nan
Wang Huafeng Wang Juanle Wang Lei Wang Li
Wang Litao Wang Lizhe Wang Meng Wang Shenlei
Wang Xingdong Wang Yuanyuan Wang Zongming Wei Yanan
Xie Yihan Yan Dongmei Yang Ruixia Yang Yuanwei
Yao Yue You Jinjun Yu Xiubo Zeng Hongwei
Zhang Huaguo Zhang Lu Zhang Meimei Zhang Xiaomei
Zhang Zhaoming Zhao Na Zheng Yaomin Zhu Jinfeng
Zhu Weiwei Zhuang Yanli Zhou YanPreface i
Preface
n 2015, the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for ISustainable Development, which includes 17 sustainable
development goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. The SDGs
are about achieving economic, social and environmental
sustainability on a global scale. Since the launch of the 2030
Agenda, China has worked to promote the SDGs while
embracing a new philosophy of innovative, coordinated, green,
open and shared development, achieving impressive results
in eradicating absolute poverty, addressing climate change,
improving ecological environment, promoting public health
service and ensuring food security. Steady progress has been
made in achieving high-quality development. At the same
time, China has actively engaged in and promoted international
development cooperation, and has provided reliable public goods
for the realization of SDGs across the world.
The experience of the past six years, however, has shown
that there remain a number of major challenges to scientifically
evaluating the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, the most
serious ones being the lack of data, the incompleteness of the
indicator system, and the gap in capacity of having and using
data as a result of development disparity. As China’s national Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals (2021): The Belt and Roadii
scientific institute, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
has long been devoted to promoting SDGs through big data.
In recent years, CAS has been working with universities,
research institutes and enterprises at home and abroad to explore
the application of combined new technologies such as cloud
computing, artificial intelligence, space technology and network
communication technology to improve the evaluation system
for SDGs, develop public data products and inform
decisionmaking.
Chinese President Xi Jinping announced on September
22, 2020, at the 75th session of the United Nations General
Assembly, that China will establish an International Research
Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS),
to provide new impetus for the implementation of the 2030
Agenda. Subsequently, CBAS was officially launched in Beijing
on September 6, 2021. President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory
letter, and United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres
delivered a video message to congratulate on the establishment
of the Center. I believe that CBAS will use big data to give
support to the sustainable development of China and the world.
In recent years, CAS has, based on its advantages, done
demonstration studies on monitoring and evaluation of indicators
for the goals of Zero Hunger, Clean Water and Sanitation,
Sustainable Cities and Communities, Climate Action, Life below
Water and Life on Land, and issued annual reports on big earth Preface iii
data in support of the sustainable development goals. The 2021
report continues to focus on the practical scenarios for these
SDGs’ realization, and presents research results including single
indicator progress evaluation and integrated multi-indicator
evaluation. These results provide stronger scientific basis
for understanding the dynamic trends of SDG indicators and
analyzing the problems hindering sustainable development, and
they can inform decision on SDG realization in different scales
and regions.
2021 marks the 50th anniversary of the restoration of the
People’s Republic of China’s lawful seat in the United Nations.
This CAS report is part of China’s sustained contribution in the
form of science and technology to the implementation of the
2030 Agenda. CAS will further strengthen the collaborations
with international counterparts to address new challenges to
sustainable development through science, technology and
innovation.
Hou Jianguo
President, Chinese Academy of SciencesForeword
he COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented Tchallenges to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development across the world, to a large extent
affecting existing achievements and resulting in stagnation
or even regression. Recognizing the important role scientific
and technological innovation can play in promoting economic
and social development, the United Nations established
the Technology Facilitation Mechanism (TFM) for SDGs in
2015. In the Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020, the
United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres called for a
coordinated and comprehensive international response and recovery
efort based on sound data and science guided by the SDGs.
More effective ways need to be explored to address the data
challenge facing SDGs. Thanks to the development of science
and technology, the global data volume is growing exponentially.
Advances in computing and data technologies have made
realtime processing and analysis of big data a reality, while new
types of data combined with traditional data, such as statistical
and survey data, can create more detailed, timely and
highquality information. Big Earth Data technology, through its
extensive use and further innovation, can be an effective way
to address the data divide and the lack of information and tools Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals (2021): The Belt and Roadvi
available for sustainable development.
The International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable
Development Goals, building upon the strength of CAS, will
use big data to support the SDGs. A full-fledged center will
have the potential to carry out functions that include building
an SDG big data technology service system capable of storage,
calculation, analysis, and service, conducting scientific research
on monitoring and evaluating SDG indicators, developing and
operating SDG science satellites, constructing a think tank
on science and technology for sustainable development, and
promoting personnel training and capacity building using big
data for SDGs.
In recent years, CAS has conducted case studies that use Big
Earth Data technology to monitor and evaluate indicators for six
SDGs—Zero Hunger, Clean Water and Sanitation, Sustainable
Cities and Communities, Climate Action, Life below Water, and
Life on Land. CAS issued reports on “Big Earth Data in Support
of the Sustainable Development Goals” for two consecutive
years during the 74th and 75th Sessions of the United Nations
General Assembly, highlighting the important value and role
of Big Earth Data technology in addressing challenges for
sustainable development.
Focusing on six SDGs, Big Earth in Support of the Sustainable
Development Goals (2021): The Belt and Road presents 42
typical cases on four scales—local, national, regional and
global—detailing the results of research, monitoring, and
evaluating SDG indicators. Furthermore, the report demonstrates Foreword vii
methods for monitoring, evaluating, and analyzing the interactions
among multiple SDGs, thus laying a good foundation for future
coordinated pursuits of multiple SDGs in different scenarios. The
findings of the report can provide new analytical tools for a better
understanding and more accurate identification of issues related to
SDGs. They are also of great practical value to promoting SDGs
through science, technology, and innovation.
T