IB Chemistry Revision Guide

Ray Dexter

Description

Simple, clear guide for IB chemistry

A very challenging subject like IB chemistry requires tremendous effort to understand fully and attain a high grade. ‘IB Chemistry Revision Guide’, written by one of the most experienced and respected chemistry teachers in the UK, simplifies the content and provides clear explanations for the material. 

Each chapter is separated into two-page spreads covering all the essential details in easy-to-follow sections. High level and Standard level material are clearly marked. Complicated calculations have worked out examples to help the student. Also included are ‘curveball’ examples of the sort of challenging questions IB examiners love.

1. Measurement and Data Processing; 2. Stoichiometric Relationships; 3. Atomic Structure; 4. Chemical Bonding and Structure; 5. Periodicity; 6. Energetics and Thermochemistry; 7. Chemical Kinetics; 8. Equilibrium; 9. Acids and Bases; 10. Redox Processes; 11. Organic Chemistry; 12. Measurement and Data Processing; 13. Option A: Materials; 14. Option B: Biochemistry; 15. Energy; 16. Medicinal Chemistry.

Sujets

• Sciences physiques
• Physique
• Science
• General
• Chemistry
• General officer
• Sciences et techniques
• EDUCATION

Informations

• Publié par: Anthem Press
• Date de parution: 30 septembre 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 11
• EAN13: 9781785270833
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

IB Chemistry Revision Guide
IB Chemistry Revision Guide
Ray Dexter
Anthem Press
An imprint of Wimbledon Publishing Company
www.anthempress.com
This edition first published in UK and USA 2019
by ANTHEM PRESS
75–76 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8HA, UK
or PO Box 9779, London SW19 7ZG, UK
and
244 Madison Ave #116, New York, NY 10016, USA
Copyright © Ray Dexter 2019
The author asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work.
All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN-13: 978-1-78527-081-9 (Pbk)
ISBN-10: 1-78527-081-8 (Pbk)
This title is also available as an e-book.
For Áron and Maja, as always.
Thanks to Nadine for her constant support and love throughout the writing of this book. You had a lot more faith than I did!! Thanks to my colleagues at St Edmund’s College for their encouragement and comments, especially those in the chemistry and the history departments. Thanks to Emma Baxter for checking my medicinal chemistry and Elizabeth Hartley for her calculations’ summary design. Thanks also to Peter Capaldi and Richard Saunders for their usual contribution to my world. Thanks, as ever to Douglas Adams for the quote, “I love deadlines, I love the whooshing sound they make as the go by.” It made me hit my deadline!!
To Arch Overbury, my high school chemistry teacher, the greatest of them all. I still hear your voice when I teach. To Brian Orger and James Tearle from Stowe School, the legendary teachers who took me under their wing and taught me all I know when I first started out in this teaching game.
To all the past IB DP students I have ever taught and tried to teach chemistry. This book is the product of our work together. I thank you for being so inspiring; I hope this book can be equally inspiring.
About the Author

Ray Dexter is a University of London graduate who has been teaching chemistry since 1996 and has been an IB chemistry teacher since 2001. He was Head of Chemistry at Haileybury College in the UK for 10 years and has worked for OSC, one of the world’s leading providers of revision classes for IB DP students. He is an in-demand trainer of chemistry teachers in the UK and is currently IB Coordinator at St Edmund’s College, also in the UK.
Contents
1 Measurement and data processing
SPREAD 1: Uncertainties and errors in measurement and results
SPREAD 2: Applying uncertainty readings to a calculated number
SPREAD 3: What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
SPREAD 4: Graphical techniques
2 Stoichiometric relationships
SPREAD 1: Writing formulae
SPREAD 2: Avogadro’s number and the mole concept
SPREAD 3: Empirical and molecular formula
SPREAD 4: Calculations (a summary)
SPREAD 5: Limiting reagent, percentage yield
SPREAD 6: Gas calculations
3 Atomic structure
SPREAD 1: The nuclear atom
SPREAD 2: Working out RAM
SPREAD 3: Electronic configuration
SPREAD 4: Electrons in atoms
SPREAD 5: Orbital shapes
SPREAD 6: Electrons in atoms
4 Chemical bonding and structure
SPREAD 1: Structure, an overview and metallic bonds
SPREAD 2: Ionic bonding and structure
SPREAD 3: Writing formulae from ions
SPREAD 4: Covalent bonding
SPREAD 5: Giant covalent structures
SPREAD 6: Dative covalent bonding and a summary of bond types
SPREAD 7: Further covalent bonding
SPREAD 8: Shapes of molecules
SPREAD 9: How do lone pairs affect the shapes of molecules?
SPREAD 10: How to work out the shape of a molecule?
SPREAD 11: Molecular polarity
SPREAD 12: Intermolecular forces
SPREAD 13: More on intermolecular forces
SPREAD 14: Resonance structures
SPREAD 15: Writing formulae
SPREAD 16: Formal charge and exceptions to the octet
SPREAD 17: Ozone
SPREAD 18: Hybridization
5 Periodicity
SPREAD 1: The periodic table
SPREAD 2: Periodic trends—physical properties
SPREAD 3: Chemical properties
SPREAD 4: More chemical trends
SPREAD 5: The first-row d-block elements
SPREAD 6: More transition metals
SPREAD 7: Colored compounds
6 Energetics and thermochemistry
SPREAD 1: Energy changes
SPREAD 2: Calculating the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction
SPREAD 3: Using a conducting calorimeter
SPREAD 4: Bond enthalpies
SPREAD 5: Potential energy diagrams and ozone
SPREAD 6: Hess’s Law
SPREAD 7: Using enthalpy of combustion data (Δ H θ c )
SPREAD 8: Born–Haber cycles
SPREAD 9: Enthalpy of solution cycle
SPREAD 10: The magnitude of lattice enthalpy
SPREAD 11: Entropy and spontaneity
SPREAD 12: Gibbs free energy
7 Chemical kinetics
SPREAD 1: Collision theory and rates of reaction
SPREAD 2: How do temperature and catalysts affect rate of reaction?
SPREAD 3: The rate expression
SPREAD 4: Initial rates data
SPREAD 5: Mechanisms
SPREAD 6: Activation energy
8 Equilibrium
SPREAD 1: What is equilibrium?
SPREAD 2: Changing the position of equilibrium
SPREAD 3: The equilibrium constant, K c
SPREAD 4: What does the value of K c tell us?
SPREAD 5: The equilibrium law
SPREAD 6: K c , free energy and entropy
9 Acids and bases
SPREAD 1: What is an acid?
SPREAD 2: Conjugate acid–base pairs and Lewis acids
SPREAD 3: Properties of acids and bases
SPREAD 4: Strong and weak acids and indicators
SPREAD 5: What is pH?
SPREAD 6: Acid deposition
SPREAD 7: Calculations involving acids and bases
SPREAD 8: Using the K a expression to work out the pH of a weak acid
SPREAD 9: Working out pH of bases and temperature changes
SPREAD 10: pH curves
SPREAD 11: Buffer solutions and indicators
10 Redox processes
SPREAD 1: The three types of redox reaction
SPREAD 2: Oxidation numbers
SPREAD 3: Applications of redox, Winkler BOD, oxidation numbers
SPREAD 4: The BOD of water
SPREAD 5: Writing redox equations
SPREAD 6: The activity series
SPREAD 7: Electrochemical cells (1): Electrolytic cells
SPREAD 8: Higher level electrolytic cells
SPREAD 9: Voltaic cells
SPREAD 10: HL voltaic cells
11 Organic chemistry
SPREAD 1: Fundamentals of organic chemistry
SPREAD 2: More on the homologous series
SPREAD 3: The alkanes
SPREAD 4: The alkenes
SPREAD 5: The alcohols
SPREAD 6: The halogenoalkanes
SPREAD 7: Benzene reactions and its mechanism
SPREAD 8: Benzene reactions and its mechanism
SPREAD 9: Further electrophilic substitution
SPREAD 10: Further nucleophilic substitution
SPREAD 11: Reduction reactions
SPREAD 12: Synthetic routes
SPREAD 13: Isomerism
SPREAD 14: Optical isomerism
12 Measurement and data processing: Part 2
SPREAD 1: Index of hydrogen deficiency
SPREAD 2: Mass spectrometry
SPREAD 3: Infrared spectroscopy
SPREAD 4: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
SPREAD 5: Further NMR
SPREAD 6: X-ray crystallography
13 Option A: Materials
SPREAD 1: An introduction to material science
SPREAD 2: More on classifying materials
SPREAD 3: Metal extraction 1 (reduction with carbon)
SPREAD 4: Metal extraction: The production of aluminum by electrolysis
SPREAD 5: Stoichiometric problems using electrolysis
SPREAD 6: Alloys
SPREAD 7: Magnetism in metals
SPREAD 8: Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy and optical emission spectroscopy
SPREAD 9: Catalysts
SPREAD 10: Transition metal catalysts and zeolites
SPREAD 11: Liquid crystals
SPREAD 12: Polymers
SPREAD 13: Nanotechnology
SPREAD 14: Environmental impact—plastics
SPREAD 15: Dioxins and plasticizers
SPREAD 16: Superconducting metals
SPREAD 17: X-ray crystallography
SPREAD 18: Condensation polymers
SPREAD 19: Environmental impact—heavy metals
SPREAD 20: Solubility product and removal methods with heavy metals
14 Option B: Biochemistry
SPREAD 1: Introduction to biochemistry
SPREAD 2: Amino acids
SPREAD 3: Proteins
SPREAD 4: Enzymes
SPREAD 5: Separating and identifying amino acids and proteins
SPREAD 6: Lipids
SPREAD 7: Lipids and health issues
SPREAD 8: Phospholipids and steroids
SPREAD 9: Carbohydrates
SPREAD 10: Vitamins
SPREAD 11: Biochemistry and the environment
SPREAD 12: Green chemistry
SPREAD 13: Advanced proteins
SPREAD 14: Buffer solutions
SPREAD 15: Nucleic acids
SPREAD 16: Biological pigments
SPREAD 17: Stereochemistry in biomolecules
15 Energy
SPREAD 1: Energy sources, an introduction
SPREAD 2: Fossil fuels
SPREAD 3: Nuclear energy, an introduction
SPREAD 4: Nuclear fusion
SPREAD 5: Nuclear fission
SPREAD 6: Solar energy
SPREAD 7: What is a semiconductor?
SPRE