New Concepts in Imaging: Optical and Statistical Models

Description

This book is a collection of 19 articles which reflect the courses given at the Collège de France/Summer school “Reconstruction d'images − Applications astrophysiques“ held in Nice and Fréjus, France, from June 18 to 22, 2012.

The articles presented in this volume address emerging concepts and methods that are useful in the complex process of improving our knowledge of the celestial objects, including Earth.

The book contains three parts.
The first part is titled “Physical bases and new challenges in high resolution imaging“. This part draws a picture of some of the high angular resolution instruments of the near to far future, and of the issues to overcome to make this picture real. It deals with hypertelescopes, optical interferometry, adaptive optics, wavefront coding, and with polychromatic astrophysical models.
The point of view of the articles of the second part, titled “Physical models and data processing“ embraces not only the description of data using physical modeling, but also the resulting data processing in radio and optical interferometry, including hypertelescopes.
The third part is titled “Statistical models in signal and image processing“. These contributions cover past and recent developments in multiresolution analysis, Bayesian modeling, sparsity, convex optimization and hyperspectral data.

While reading, the alert reader will notice that the successful realization of future observation technologies and the best extraction of the astrophysical information encapsulated in their data involve the joint expertise of several research communities. The various articles collected in this book may contribute to such a synergy.

Sujets

• Sciences expérimentales
• Astronomie et astrophysique
• Astronomie
• Astrophysique
• Space Science
• Sciences et techniques
• Astronomy
• Science
• Physique
• Physical attractiveness

Informations

• Publié par: EDP Sciences
• Date de parution: 01 mars 2013
• Nombre de lectures: 1
• EAN13: 9782759824878
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 41 Mo

Extrait

EAS Publications Series, Volume 59, 2013

New Concepts in Imaging: Optical and Statistical Models

Nice, France, June 18, 2012 Fréjus, France, June 20−22, 2012

Edited by:D. Mary, C. Theys and C. Aime

17 avenue du Hoggar, PA de Courtabœuf, B.P. 112, 91944 Les Ulis cedex A, France First pages of all issues in the series and full-text articles in PDF format are available to registered users at: http://www.eas-journal.org

Sponsors CentreNationaldelaRechercheScientifique( É colethématique) Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293 Collège de France

Local Committee Céline Theys (UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis) David Mary (UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis) Claude Aime (UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis) Antoine Labeyrie (Collège de France) Farrokh Vakili (Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur) Thierry Lanz (UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis) Caroline Daire (UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis) Catherine Blanc (UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis) Rose Pinto (UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis) Isabelle Giaume (Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur)

Cover Figure

Seaside at morning. The cover image is a watercolor evoking the seaside of “Côte d’Azur”, near Fréjus, the place where the school took place, in June 2012. The picture shows typical red rocks of the Esterel mounts, with “Cap Drammont” and “Ile d’or”, in the distance. The watercolor is by Yves Rabbia, astronomer at OCA and sometimes amateur painter.

Indexed in:ADS, Current Contents Proceedings – Engineering & Physical Sciences, ISTP r /ISI Proceedings, ISTP/ISI CDROM Proceedings.

ISBN 978-2-7598-0958-5 ISSN 1633-4760 e-ISSN 1638-1963

EDP Sciences Les Ulis

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broad-casting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions of the French Copyright law of March 11, 1957. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the French Copyright Law. c EAS, EDP Sciences 2013 Printed in UK

List of Participants

Aime Claude, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Anterrieu Eric, LATT, [e-mail] Aristidi Eric, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail]

Bertero Mario, Dipartimento di Informatica e Scienze dell’ Informazione (DISI), [e-mail] Bijaoui Albert, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Boccacci Patrizia, Dipartimento di Informatica e Scienze dell’ Informazione (DISI), [e-mail] Bonnefois Aurélie, ONERA, [e-mail] Bouquillon Sébastien, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, [e-mail] Bourguignon Sébastien, IRCCYN, [e-mail] Bremer Michael, IRAM, [e-mail] Brie David, CRAN, [e-mail]

Carbillet Marcel, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Carfantan Hervé, IRAP, [e-mail] Chen Jie, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Cruzalebes Pierre, OCA, [e-mail]

Dabbech Arwa, OCA, [e-mail] Denis Loic, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, [e-mail] Dobigeon Nicolas, Laboratoire IRIT, [e-mail]

Ferrari André, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Folcher Jean-Pierre, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail]

Hadjara Massinissa, OCA, [e-mail]

Kluska Jacques, IPAG, [e-mail]

Labeyrie Antoine, Collège de France, [e-mail] Lantéri Henri, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Liyong Liu, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail]

Mary David, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Mourard Denis, OCA, [e-mail]

Nguyen Hoang Nguyen, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail]

Paris Silvia, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail]

Rabbia Yves, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Raja Suleiman Raja Fazliza, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail]

VI

RéfrégierPhilippe, É colecentraleMarseille,[e-mail] Richard Cédric, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] RocheMuriel, É colecentraleMarseille,[e-mail]

SchmiderFran¸cois-Xavier,LaboratoireLagrange,[e-mail] Soldo Yan, laboratoire CESBIO, [e-mail] Soulez Ferréol, CRAL, [e-mail]

Theys Céline, Laboratoire Lagrange, [e-mail] Thiébaut É ric,CRAL,[e-mail]

Zurlo Alice, LAM, [e-mail]

Contents

List of participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Physical Bases and New Challenges in High Resolution Imaging

Hypertelescopes: The Challenge of Direct Imaging at High Resolution A. Labeyrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optical Long Baseline Interferometry: Examples from VEGA/CHARA D. Mourard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The Fresnel Diffraction: A Story of Light and Darkness C. Aime, É. Aristidi and Y. Rabbia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Astronomical Imaging... Atmospheric Turbulence? Adaptive Optics! M. Carbillet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Introduction to Wavefront Coding for Incoherent Imaging M. Roche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Adaptive Optics Feedback Control J.-P. Folcher, M. Carbillet, A. Ferrari and A. Abelli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SCIROCCO+: Simulation Code of Interferometric-observations for ROtators and CirCumstellar Objects including Non-Radial Pulsations M. Hadjara, F. Vakili, A. Domiciano de Souza, F. Millour, R. Petrov, S. Jankov and P. Bendjoya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

High Angular Resolution and Young Stellar Objects: Imaging the Surroundings of MWC 158 by Optical Interferometry J. Kluska, F. Malbet, J.-P. Berger, M. Benisty, B. Lazareff, J.-B. Le Bouquin and C. Pinte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Physical Models and Data Processing

Principles of Image Reconstruction in Interferometr E.Thiébaut............ ý ............................................

V

1

5

25

37

59

77

93

131

141

157

VIII

Imaging Techniques in Millimetre Astronomy M. Bremer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SMOS-NEXT: A New Concept for Soil Moisture Retrieval from Passive Interferometric Observations Y. Soldo, F. Cabot, B. Rougé, Y.H. Kerr, A. Al Bitar and E. Epaillard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Formation, Simulation and Restoration of Hypertelescopes Images D. Mary, C. Aime and A. Carlotti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Statistical Models in Signal and Image Processing

Introduction to the Restoration of Astrophysical Images by Multiscale Transforms and Bayesian Methods A. Bijaoui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Constrained Minimization Algorithms. Linear Models H. Lantéri, C. Theys and C. Richard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Scaled Gradient Projection Methods for Astronomical Imaging M. Bertero, P. Boccacci, M. Prato and L. Zanni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

SGM to Solve NMF – Application to Hyperspectral Data C. Theys, H. Lantéri and C. Richard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

MCMC Algorithms for Supervised and Unsupervised Linear Unmixing of Hyperspectral Images N. Dobigeon, S. Moussaoui, M. Coulon, J.-Y. Tourneret and A.O. Hero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Restoration of Hyperspectral Astronomical Data with Spectrally Varying Blur F. Soulez, E. Thiébaut and L. Denis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Supervised Nonlinear Unmixing of Hyperspectral Images Using a Pre-image Methods N.H. Nguyen, J. Chen, C. Richard, P. Honeine and C. Theys . . . . . . . .

Author Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

189

203

213

265

303

325

357

381

403

417

439

New Concepts in Imaging: Optical and Statistical Models D. Mary, C. Theys and C. Aime (eds) EAS Publications Series,59(2013) 1–2

Foreword

This book is a collection of 19 articles which reflect the courses given at the Collège de France/Summer school “Reconstruction d’images – Applications as- trophysiques” held in Nice and Fréjus, France, from June 18 to 22, 2012. The articles presented in this volume share a common point: they all address emerging concepts and methods that are useful in the complex process of improving our knowledge of the celestial objects, including Earth. In the spirit of a school, several articles underline using historical elements how essential have been instruments of high angular resolution, mathematical description of the observations, transmission of knowledge and reliance on long term research projects to our current representation of the Universe. Many articles can be read as tutorials of the specific research field they address. The book contains three parts. The first part is titled“Physical bases and new challenges in high res- olution imaging”these articles, the strategy followed for attacking such. In challenges relies on a careful description of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the celestial sources, and of their perturbations. This part draws a picture of some of the high angular resolution instruments of the near to far future, and of the issues to overcome to make this picture real. It deals with hypertelescopes, optical interferometry, adaptive optics, wavefront coding, and with polychromatic astrophysical models. The point of view of the articles of the second part, titled“Physical models and data processing”, is twofold. Of concern to these articles are not only the data description using physical modeling of electromagnetic waves, but also the resulting data processing. These articles address issues such as sampling, information modeling and restoration in radio and optical interferometry, including hypertelescopes. The third part is titled“Statistical models in signal and image pro- cessing”. These contributions cover past and recent developments in multires- olution analysis, Bayesian modeling, sparsity and convex optimization. The last three papers deal specifically with hyperspectral data of Earth and of the deep Universe, images recorded at hundreds of wavelengths resulting in massive data. This last part illustrates the benefits brought by a careful data processing, and comes perhaps in contrast to the conventional wisdom which claims that too much information kills information.

 c EAS, EDP Sciences 2013 DOI: 10.1051/eas/1359000

2

New Concepts in Imaging: Optical and Statistical Models

While the volume is divided in three parts to clarify which topics are cov- ered and where, the issues addressed in the first and third parts are in reality connected by the observation instruments. These connections are mentioned at various places, and especially in the articles of the second part, which is a hyphen. As it goes, the alert reader will notice many more such connections. Obviously, the successful realization of more powerful observation technologies and the best extraction of the astrophysical information encapsulated in their data involve the joint expertise of several research communities. The various articles collected in this book may contribute to such a synergy.