African Refugees

Olajumoke Yacob-Haliso, Toyin Falola

Description

African Refugees is a comprehensive overview of the context, causes, and consequences of refugee lives, discussing issues, policies, and solutions for African refugees around the world. It covers overarching topics such as human rights, policy frameworks, refugee protection, and durable solutions, as well as less-studied topics such as refugee youths, refugee camps, LGBTQ refugees, urban refugees, and refugee women. It also takes on rare but emergent topics such as citizenship and the creativity of African refugees.

Toyin Falola and Olajumoke Yacob-Haliso showcase the voices and experiences of individual refugees through the sweep of history to tell the African refugee story from the historical past through current developments, covering the full range of experience from the causes of flight to living in exile, all while maintaining a persistent focus on the complicated search for solutions.

African Refugees recognizes African agency and contributions in pursuit of solutions for African refugees over time but avoids the pitfalls of the colonial gaze—where refugees are perpetually pathologized and Africa is always the sole cause of its own problems—seeking to complicate these narratives by recognizing African refugee issues within exploitative global, colonial, and neo-colonial systems of power.

List of Illustrations
List of Acronyms
Maps
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part I: Context
1. Refugeehood in Africa
2. Refugee Studies
3. African Refugee Studies
4. Human Rights Instruments on African Refugees
5. States and Policy Frameworks
Part II: Making Refugees
6. Colonialism and the Making of Refugees in Africa
7. Postcolonial Politics, Wars and African Refugee Problems
8. Internal Displacement in Africa
Part III: Displaced Lives
9. Refugee Camps and Settlements in Africa
10. Urban Refugees
11. African Refugee Women: Gendering Policy and Protection
12. African Refugee Youth
13. Hope in Displacement: Refugees and Cultures of Creativity
Part IV: Protection and Solutions
14. Refugee Protection and Management
15. Durable Solutions and the Crisis of Development
16. Home, Return and Postrelocation
Part V: Conclusion
17. Citizenship, Rights and Development
18. The Future: Ending Africa's Refugee Crisis
Bibliography
Index

Sujets

• Refugees
• Social Science
• Sociologie, société et politique
• African studies

Informations

• Publié par: Indiana University Press
• Date de parution: 03 janvier 2023
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780253064448
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 4 Mo

Extrait

AFRICAN REFUGEES
AFRICAN REFUGEES

TOYIN FALOLA AND OLAJUMOKE YACOB-HALISO
INDIANA UNIVERSITY PRESS
This book is a publication of
Indiana University Press
Office of Scholarly Publishing
Herman B Wells Library 350
1320 East 10th Street
Bloomington, Indiana 47405 USA
iupress.org
2023 by Indiana University Press
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992.
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing 2023
Cataloging information is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-0-253-06441-7 (hardback)
ISBN 978-0-253-06442-4 (paperback)
ISBN 978-0-253-06443-1 (ebook)
To the dedicated frontline humanitarian workers in Africa s refugee camps and locations, who give their lives to others and To Peace!
CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
List of Acronyms
Maps
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART I: Context
1. Refugeehood in Africa
2. Refugee Studies
3. African Refugee Studies
4. Human Rights Instruments on African Refugees
5. States and Policy Frameworks
PART II: Making Refugees
6. Colonialism and the Making of Refugees in Africa
7. Postcolonial Politics, Wars, and African Refugee Problems
8. Internal Displacement in Africa
PART III: Displaced Lives
9. Refugee Camps and Settlements in Africa
10. Urban Refugees
11. African Refugee Women: Gendering Policy and Protection
12. African Refugee Youth
13. Hope in Displacement: Refugees and Cultures of Creativity
PART IV: Protection and Solutions
14. Refugee Protection and Management
15. Durable Solutions and the Crisis of Development
16. Home, Return, and Postrelocation
PART V: Conclusion
17. Citizenship, Rights, and Development
18. The Future: Ending Africa s Refugee Crisis
Bibliography
Index
ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS
Map 0.1. Refugee locations across all Africa, 2018
Map 0.2. Refugee movements in Africa, 2018
Map 0.3. Refugees in East Africa and the Horn of Africa, 2018
Map 0.4. Refugees in North Africa, 2018
Map 0.5. Refugees in Southern Africa, 2018
Map 0.6. Refugees in West and Central Africa, 2018
TABLES
Table 1.1. Number of refugees globally, people in refugee-like situations, and Venezuelans displaced abroad, by UNHCR regions, 2019
Table 2.1. Contrasts between refugees and migrants
Table 3.1. Punishment for LGBTQ+ offenses in African countries
Table 7.1. Taxonomy of generations of African conflicts, 1950s-2010s
FIGURES
Figure 1.1. Number of countries in conflict, 1989-2017
Figure 1.2. Kigeme refugee camp in southern Rwanda
Figure 3.1. Hundreds of Somali refugees arriving at the Dadaab refugee camp
Figure 3.2. Somali refugees are rescued when their boat capsizes in the Indian Ocean
Figure 6.1. Refugees from the Second Anglo-Boer War in South Africa, 1899-1902
Figure 7.1. Yida refugee camp in South Sudan, with remains of an Antonov military transport plane
Figure 7.2. Somali refugee women and children waiting to enter refugee camp in Kenya
Figure 8.1. IDPs affected by floods and conflict in Jowhar, Somalia
Figure 8.2. Kibumba displaced persons camp in Goma, North Kivu, in the DRC
Figure 9.1. Kiziba refugee camp in western Rwanda, housing mostly Congolese refugees
Figure 9.2. Refugee camp in Bria, Central African Republic, 2018
Figure 9.3. Rwandan refugee camp in Kimbumba in eastern Zaire
Figure 9.4. Buduburam refugee camp in Ghana
Figure 10.1. Eritrean asylum seekers in Levinsky Park in Tel Aviv, Israel
Figure 11.1. Malian refugee women in northern Niger
Figure 11.2. Refugee woman from Darfur, Sudan, at Farchana refugee camp in eastern Chad
Figure 12.1. Youth as a share of the total population by region, 2015
Figure 12.2. Grace, a five-year-old South Sudanese refugee in Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya, plays like all children
Figure 12.3. Refugee youth from different countries in the Dzaleka refugee camp, Malawi, meet every Sunday for a game of football
Figure 13.1. Nakivale refugee settlement in Isingiro District, Uganda
Figure 14.1. Men unloading food aid donated to victims of conflict- and disaster-induced displacement in Jowhar, Somalia
Figure 15.1. Refugees in the Cha region of Borkou on the way to Libya
Figure 15.2. Sahrawi refugees, a forgotten refugee crisis in the Algerian Desert
Figure 17.1. Gilbert Ngongo, a Congolese refugee living in Rwanda, whose entrepreneurial abilities established Sea Food Ltd.
ACRONYMS
4Rs
Repatriation, Reintegration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
ATRCW
African Training and Research Centre for Women
AGDM
UNHCR Age, Gender and Diversity Mainstreaming Strategy
AU
African Union
CAR
Central African Republic
CEDAW
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
CRRF
Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework
DAR
Development Assistance for Refugees
DLI
Development through Local Integration
DRC
Democratic Republic of the Congo
DTA
Declaration on Territorial Asylum 1967
DTM
Displacement Tracking Matrix
ECOWAS
Economic Community of West African States
Excom
UNHCR Executive Committee
FNLA
Frente Nacional de Liberta o de Angola (National Front for the Liberation of Angola)
FRELIMO
Frente de Liberta o de Mo ambique (Mozambique Liberation Front)
GAD
Gender and Development
GAFM
Gender and Forced Migration
GCR
Global Compact on Refugees
IASC
Inter-Agency Standing Committee
ICARA
International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa
IDMC
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
IDP
internally displaced person
IMF
International Monetary Fund
INPFL
Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia
IOM
International Organization for Migration
IRO
International Refugee Organization
IWGRW
International NGO Working Group on Refugee Women
LGBTQ+
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+
MENA
Middle East and North Africa
MINUSCA
UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic
MPLA
Movimento Popular de Liberta o de Angola (People s Movement for the Liberation of Angola)
NGO
nongovernmental organization
NPFL
National Patriotic Front of Liberia
OAU
Organisation of African Unity
PAIGC
Partido Africano da Independ ncia da Guin e Cabo Verde (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde)
PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder
RMMS
Regional Mixed Migration Secretariat
RSD
refugee status determination
SADF
South African Defence Force
SADR
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
SAP
structural adjustment program
SPLM/A
Sudanese Peoples Liberation Movement/Army
SRS
Self-Reliance Strategy (Uganda)
UDHR
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
UNCT
United Nations Country Team
UNDAF
United Nations Development Assistance Framework
UNDG
United Nations Development Group
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
UNECA
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNGA
United Nations General Assembly
UNHCR
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNITA
Uni o Nacional para a Independ ncia Total de Angola (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola)
UNSC
United Nations Security Council
UPA
Uniao das Populac es de Angola (United Peoples of Angola)
WHO
World Health Organization
WID
Women in Development
WIFM
Women in Forced Migration
WRC
Women s Refugee Commission
ZI
Zambia Initiative
MAPS

Map 0.1. Refugee locations across all Africa, 2018.

Map 0.2. Refugee movements in Africa, 2018.

Map 0.3. Refugees in East Africa and the Horn of Africa, 2018.

Map 0.4. Refugees in North Africa, 2018.

Map 0.5. Refugees in Southern Africa, 2018.

Map 0.6. Refugees in West and Central Africa, 2018.
PREFACE
I
Writings and commentaries on refugees have attracted endless attention, especially in the media, because of the tragedies that produce them and the tragic conditions that people find themselves in and are forced to cope with. Wars, social and political instability, persecution, and drought and desertification have all contributed to the displacement of people. People are inclined to seek out safety, especially amid turmoil, wherever it is attainable. As such, the damages incurred by fleeing one s residence, the rugged processes of relocation, and the marginalizing experiences encountered in places where relief is anticipated create the ground for research and the growing literature on refugees.
This book, African Refugees , is a comprehensive overview of the context, courses, conditions, and consequences of refugee lives, issues, policies, and solutions for African refugees everywhere they may be found-mostly on the continent but also as asylum seekers and new diaspora outside it. Taking a long historical view and a broad thematic lens, we focus on the African refugee situation, review extant scholarship on African refugees, and provide a veritable sourcebook for intellectual analysis of the major themes, debates, policies, and problems in the study of African refugees. While there is some literature on many of the micro aspects of the African refugee experience, this book speaks to the often-elusive grand narrative on refugees, to problematize and map major movements and directions for study of the phenomenon, and to foreground an African perspective and voice throughout that is much needed in current discussions. Many books have been written about refugees, and some about refugees in Africa, but there is no single book published in recent decades that covers the scope and range of this book. African Refugees seeks to address this gap. It cov