Collaborative Governance for Urban Revitalization

J. Rich Michael, P. Stoker Robert

Description

For more than one hundred years, governments have grappled with the complex problem of how to revitalize distressed urban areas. In 1995, the original urban Empowerment Zones (Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Philadelphia) each received a $100 million federal block grant and access to a variety of market-oriented policy tools to support the implementation of a ten-year strategic plan to increase economic opportunities and promote sustainable community development in high-poverty neighborhoods. In Collaborative Governance for Urban Revitalization, Michael J. Rich and Robert P. Stoker confront the puzzle of why the outcomes achieved by the original Empowerment Zones varied so widely given that each city had the same set of federal policy tools and resources and comparable neighborhood characteristics.The authors' analysis, based on more than ten years of field research in Atlanta and Baltimore and extensive empirical analysis of EZ processes and outcomes in all six cities shows that revitalization outcomes are best explained by the quality of local governance. Good local governance makes positive contributions to revitalization efforts, while poor local governance retards progress. While policy design and contextual factors are important, how cities craft and carry out their strategies are critical determinants of successful revitalization. Rich and Stoker find that good governance is often founded on public-private cooperation, a stance that argues against both the strongest critics of neoliberalism (who see private enterprise as dangerous in principle) and the strongest opponents of liberalism (who would like to reduce the role of government).

Sujets

• Sociologie, société et politique
• Urban economics
• Region
• Regional

Informations

• Publié par: Cornell University Press
• Date de parution: 29 mai 2014
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9780801470912
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE FOR URBAN REVITALIZATION

COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE FOR URBAN REVITALIZATION LessonsfromEmpowermentZones

MichaelJ.Richand Robert P. Stoker

A AND LONDONCORNELLUNIVERSITYPRESSITHAC

Copyright © 2014 by Cornell University

Allrightsreserved.Exceptforbriefquotationsinareview,thisbook,orparts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850.

First published 2014 by Cornell University Press

First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 2014 Printed in the United States of America

Library of Congress CataloginginPublication Data Rich, Michael J., author.  Collaborative governance for urban revitalization : lessons from empowerment zones / Michael J. Rich and Robert P. Stoker.  pages cm  Includes bibliographical references and index.  Summary: The authors confront the puzzle of why the outcomes achieved by the original Empowerment Zones varied so widely given that each city had the same set of federal policy tools and resources and comparable neighborhood characteristics. Their analysis shows that revitalization outcomes are best explained by the quality of local governance.  ISBN 9780801452505 (cloth : alk. paper)  ISBN 9780801479120 (pbk. : alk. paper)  1. Enterprise zones—United States. 2. Urban renewal—Government policy—United States. 3. Urban renewal—Georgia—Atlanta. 4. Urban renewal—Maryland—Baltimore. I. Stoker, Robert Phillip, 1954–, author. II. Title.  HT175.R53 2014  307.3'4160973—dc23 2013043252

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To Susan Clarke, Thomas Cook, Richard Nathan, and Clarence Stone mentors,colleagues,friends

Contents

Preface

onnIrtdocuit 1. Federal Aid and the Cities 2. Good Governance 3. Revitalization Strategies and Programs 4. Local Governance Structures and Processes 5. What Happened in EZ Neighborhoods? 6. Atlanta’s Empowerment Zone 7. Baltimore’s Empowerment Zone 8. Explaining Revitalization Outcomes onCoinlcsu

Notes References Index

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1

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198

226

247 259 275

Preface

Asstudentsofurbanpoliticsandfederalpolicyimplementationwebeganacol laborative effort more than a decade ago to examine the relationships among policy design, local governance, and neighborhood outcomes. Much of the urban literature has studied these topics from one of two approaches—case studies of the local politics of policy implementation or evaluations of the effects of federal interventions in urban communities. Few studies have connected process and outcomes. Thisbookisanefforttodojustthat,inthehopeofimprovingtheknowledge base that supports efforts to revitalize distressed neighborhoods. The Clinton Administration’s Empowerment Zones and Enterprise Communities initiative (EZEC), launched in 1994 as perhaps the federal government’s most ambitious effort to revitalize distressed neighborhoods, provides an opportunity to exam ine the connections between local processes and outcomes. Each of the original EZ cities (Atlanta, Baltimore, Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Philadelphia Camden) received a $100 million block grant and access to a variety of federal policy tools that included federal tax incentives, private facility bonds, waivers of regulatory barriers, and preferential treatment for federal aid to assist in carrying out projects and programs to transform their most distressed neighborhoods. From1992–1994,MichaelRichservedasthefoundingexecutivedirectorof the Providence Plan, a new intermediary organization that led the city of Provi dence through the strategic planning process and prepared the city’s application for designation as an enterprise community, which the city received in 1994. In 1995, Rich, who had then joined the political science faculty at Emory University,

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