Diversity of Sacrifice

Description

The term "sacrifice" belies what is a complex and varied transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon. Bringing together scholars from such diverse fields as anthropology, archaeology, epigraphy, literature, and theology, Diversity of Sacrifice explores sacrificial practices across a range of contexts from prehistory to the present. Incorporating theory, material culture, and textual evidence, the volume seeks to consider new and divergent data related to contexts of sacrifice that can help broaden our field of vision while raising new questions. The essays contributed here move beyond reductive and simple explanations to explore complex areas of social interaction. Sacrifice plays a key role in the overlapping sacred and secular spheres for a number of societies in the past and present. How religious beliefs and practices can be integral parts of life on individual and community levels is of fundamental importance to understanding the past and present. In addition to aiding scholarly research, Diversity of Sacrifice enables students to explore this rich theme across Europe and the Mediterranean with clear discussions of theory and data.
Introduction
The Value and Power of Sacrifice
Carrie Ann Murray

Part I. Defining and Redefining the Boundaries of Sacrifice

1. Anthropology and Sacrifice
Phillips Stevens Jr.

2. A View from a Fen: On the Concept of Sacrifice and the Possibility of Understanding Neolithic Wetland Depositions
Asa Berggren

3. Gifts from the Gods: A New Look at Some Weapons and Vessels from the Metal Ages
Christoph Huth

4. Post-Domestic Sacrifice: Exploring the Present and Future of Gifts for the Gods
Samantha Hurn

Part II. Sacrifice across the Mediterranean World

5. Every Good and Pure Thing: Sacrifice in the Ancient Egyptian Context
Mary-Ann Pouls Wegner

6. The Mythology of Carthaginian Child Sacrifice: A Physical Anthropological Perspective
Jeffrey H. Schwartz

7. The Art of Ancient Greek Sacrifice: Spectacle, Gaze, Performance
Tyler Jo Smith

8. Etruscan Human Sacrifice: The Case of Tarquinia
Nancy T. de Grummond

Part III. Exploring Exceptional Cases of Sacrifice

9. Human Sacrifice as “Crisis Management? The Case of the Early Neolithic Site of Herxheim, Palatinate, Germany
Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Rose-Marie Arbogast,Silja Bauer, Bruno Boulestin, Anne-Sophie Coupey, Anthony Denaire, Fabian Haack,Christian Jeunesse, Dirk Schimmelpfennig, Rouven Turck

10. Dog Sacrifice at the Protohistoric Site of Mas Castellar (Pontos, Spain)
Enriqueta Pons, Lidia Colominas, Maria Saña

11. Understanding the Death and Burial of Northern European Bog Bodies
Guinevere Granite

Part IV. Formularizing and Regularizing Sacrifice
12. Sacrificing the Sign: The Alphabet as an Offering in Ancient Israel, or A Classicist’s Read on the Ritual Law of the Sotah
Roger D. Woodard

13. Ancient Greek Laws on Sacrifice
Michael Gagarin

14. In What Way Is Christ’s Death a Sacrifice? Theories of Sacrifice and Theologies of the Cross
S. Mark Heim

Contributors
Index

Sujets

• Arts visuels
• Histoire des Arts
• Histoire des Arts
• Película fotográfica
• History of art
• Archaeology
• Visual culture
• Anthropology
• Film

Informations

• Publié par: State University of New York Press
• Date de parution: 09 mai 2016
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781438459967
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

Diversity of Sacrifice
THE INSTITUTE FOR EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY DISTINGUISHED MONOGRAPH SERIES

Peter F. Biehl, Sarunas Milisauskas, and Stephen L. Dyson, editors
The Magdalenian Household: Unraveling Domesticity
Ezra Zubrow, Françoise Audouze, and James G. Enloe, editors
Eventful Archaeologies: New Approaches to Social Transformation in the Archaeological Record
Douglas J. Bolender, editor
The Archaeology of Violence: Interdisciplinary Approaches
Sarah Ralph, editor
Approaching Monumentality in Archaeology
James. F. Osborne, editor
The Archaeology of Childhood: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on an Archaeological Enigma
Güner Coşkunsu, editor
Diversity of Sacrifice: Form and Function of Sacrificial Practices in the Ancient World and Beyond
Carrie Ann Murray, editor

Logo and cover/interior art: A vessel with wagon motifs from Bronocice, Poland, 3400 B.C. Courtesy of Sarunas Milisauskas and Janusz Kruk, 1982, Die Wagendarstellung auf einem Trichterbecher au Bronocice, Polen, Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 12: 141–144
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© 2016 State University of New York
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diversity of sacrifice : form and function of sacrificial practices in the ancient world and beyond / edited by Carrie Ann Murray.
pages cm. — (SUNY series, The Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology distinguished monograph series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4384-5995-0 (hardcover : alkaline paper)
ISBN 978-1-4384-5996-7 (e-book) 1. Sacrifice—Europe—History—To 1500—Congresses. 2. Sacrifice—Meditarranean Region—History—To 1500—Congresses. 3. Social archaeology—Europe—Congresses. 4. Social archaeology—Meditarranean Region—Congresses. 5. Archaeology and religion—Europe—Congresses. 6. Archaeology and religion—Meditarranean Region—Congresses. 7. Material culture—Europe—History—To 1500—Congresses. 8. Material culture—Meditarranean Region—History—To 1500—Congresses. 9. Social interaction—Europe—History—To 1500—Congresses. 10. Social interaction—Meditarranean Region—History—To 1500—Congresses. I. Murray, Carrie Ann, 1976– II. University of Buffalo. Institute for European and Mediterranean Archaeology. BL570.D58 2016 203'.40936—dc23 2015013508
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
For my grandfather, Detective Louis Linton Miller, who died while protecting the people of New York City
Contents
I NTRODUCTION The Value and Power of Sacrifice
Carrie Ann Murray
P ART I D EFINING AND R EDEFINING THE B OUNDARIES OF S ACRIFICE
C HAPTER O NE Anthropology and Sacrifice
Phillips Stevens Jr.
C HAPTER T WO A View from a Fen: On the Concept of Sacrifice and the Possibility of Understanding Neolithic Wetland Depositions
Åsa Berggren
C HAPTER T HREE Gifts from the Gods: A New Look at Some Weapons and Vessels from the Metal Ages
Christoph Huth
C HAPTER F OUR Post-Domestic Sacrifice: Exploring the Present and Future of Gifts for the Gods
Samantha Hurn
P ART II S ACRIFICE A CROSS THE M EDITERRANEAN W ORLD
C HAPTER F IVE Every Good and Pure Thing: Sacrifice in the Ancient Egyptian Context
Mary-Ann Pouls Wegner
C HAPTER S IX The Mythology of Carthaginian Child Sacrifice: A Physical Anthropological Perspective
Jeffrey H. Schwartz
C HAPTER S EVEN The Art of Ancient Greek Sacrifice: Spectacle, Gaze, Performance
Tyler Jo Smith
C HAPTER E IGHT Etruscan Human Sacrifice: The Case of Tarquinia
Nancy T. de Grummond
P ART III E XPLORING E XCEPTIONAL C ASES OF S ACRIFICE
C HAPTER N INE Human Sacrifice as “Crisis Management”? The Case of the Early Neolithic Site of Herxheim, Palatinate, Germany
Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Rose-Marie Arbogast, Silja Bauer, Bruno Boulestin, Anne-Sophie Coupey, Anthony Denaire, Fabian Haack, Christian Jeunesse, Dirk Schimmelpfennig, Rouven Turck
C HAPTER T EN Dog Sacrifice at the Protohistoric Site of Mas Castellar (Pontós, Spain)
Enriqueta Pons, Lídia Colominas, Maria Saña
C HAPTER E LEVEN Understanding the Death and Burial of Northern European Bog Bodies
Guinevere Granite
P ART IV F ORMULARIZING AND R EGULARIZING S ACRIFICE
C HAPTER T WELVE Sacrificing the Sign: The Alphabet as an Offering in Ancient Israel, or A Classicist’s Read on the Ritual Law of the Sotah
Roger D. Woodard
C HAPTER T HIRTEEN Ancient Greek Laws on Sacrifice
Michael Gagarin
C HAPTER F OURTEEN In What Way Is Christ’s Death a Sacrifice? Theories of Sacrifice and Theologies of the Cross
S. Mark Heim
C ONTRIBUTORS
I NDEX
Illustrations Figure 2.1 A person is walking through the vegetation edge of the fen during the Early Neolithic. Illustration: Hans Ekerow. Figure 2.2 A group of people are cooking and eating a meal near the fen during the Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age. Illustration: Hans Ekerow. Figure 3.1 Rapier, axe and dagger blade made of gold, from Perşinari (ROM, after Primas 1991: 177 fig. 8). Figure 3.2 Golden axes from Tufalău (ROM) and Dieskau (GER, after Primas 1991: 178 fig. 9). Figure 3.3 Daggers adorned with tiny gold pins from Plouvorn (FRA, after Briard 1984: 91 fig. 56). Figure 3.4 Daggers from the hoard of Ripatransone (ITA, after Bianco Peroni 1994: pl. 25). Figure 3.5 Statue menhir of Lagundo (ITA), Height = 267 cm (after Dondio 1995: 209 fig. F96). Figure 3.6 Bronze dirk from Jutphaas (NED, after Butler, Sarfatij 1972: fig. 3). Figure 3.7 Gold cups from (1) Fritzdorf and (2) Hochdorf (both GER, after Jacob 1995: pl. 77 no. 406, pl. 79 no. 418). Figure 3.8 Ceremonial cart from Strettweg (AUT, after Egg 1996: 27 fig. 17). Figure 5.1 Seti I presenting offerings to the deity Osiris, temple of Seti I, Abydos ca. 1294–1279 B.C.E. (author’s photo). Figure 5.2 Seti I offering an image of Ma’at to the deity Osiris, temple of Seti I, Abydos ca. 1294–1279 B.C.E. (Calverley 1938: Pl. IV). Figure 5.3 Seti I and Ramesses II offering before the names of preceding kings of Egypt, temple of Seti I, Abydos ca. 1294–1279 B.C.E. (author’s photo). Figure 5.4 Tabular offering list, temple of Seti I, Abydos ca. 1294–1279 B.C.E. (Calverley 1935: Pl. 32). Figure 5.5 Excavated examples of weskhet -vessels from the Abydos Votive Zone site, New Kingdom/Late Bronze Age ca. 1550–1069 B.C.E. (drawings by author). Figure 5.6 Stele from Abydos with weskhet -vessels in lunette, Middle Kingdom ca. 2055–1650 B.C.E. (adapted from Simpson 1974: ANOC 44.4, Pl. 63). Figure 5.7 The Votive Zone Area in North Abydos (survey and graphics by author). Figure 6.1 Examples of stelae with an urn (left), image of Ba’al Hammon above image of Tanit (middle top), image of Tanit (middle bottom), and image of Ba’al Hammon above an urn (right). Not to scale. Copyright © Jeffrey H. Schwartz. Figure 6.2 The Bardo stela depicting adult carrying small individual (right: tracing of image). Not to scale. Copyright © Jeffrey H. Schwartz. Figure 6.3 Top: A yellowish clay urn representative of the later Tophet phases with unfired clay adherent to the rim with partial rim; the stopper had fallen into the urn. Bottom: Fragmentary red clay stopper and fragment of poorly fired red clay lid retrieved with the lamb or kid bones from within the urn; note the depressions in the clay. Not to scale. Copyright © Jeffrey H. Schwartz. Figure 6.4 Left: Isolated petrosal bones, two on the left and four on the right; MNI would lead to the erroneous conclusion that four individuals had been placed in the same urn. Right: Similarly developed crowns of upper and lower first permanent molars of child (left and middle) and a developing crown of a deciduous upper canine of a perinate (far right). Not to scale. Copyright © Jeffrey H. Schwartz. Figure 6.5 Reassembled pieces of the same bone showing disparate degrees of burning. Left: parts of crania; middle: a right humerus; left: a right femur. Not to scale. Copyright © Jeffrey H. Schwartz. Figure 6.6 Bones in anatomical position with minimal burning. Top left: human cervical vertebrae, note charring primarily on the spines (posteriorly). Bottom left: human cervical vertebrae with basiocciput (BO) from base of skull. Top right: human ribs. Bottom right: bones from the foot of a lamb. Not to scale. Copyright © Jeffrey H. Schwartz. Figure 6.7 Age distribution of the Carthage Tophet sample [from Schwartz et al. (Schwartz et al. 2010)]. Figure 7.1 Detail of Athenian black-figure band-cup. c. 550 B.C.E. Niarchos Collection A 031. Drawing by D. Weiss, after Laxander 2000: pl. 1. Figure 7.2 Athenian red-figure pelike, Pan Painter. c. 460 B.C.E. Berlin, Staatliche Museen 1962.62.© Antikensammlung—Staaliche Museen zu Berlin. Figure 7.3 Athenian red-figure cup interior, Epidromos Painter. c. 500 B.C.E. Paris, Louvre G. 112.4.© Musée du Louvre. Image Source: Erich Lessing, Art Resource, New York. Figure 7.4 Athenian red-figure krater, Pothos Painter. c. 420 B.C.E. Paris, Louvre G 496. © RMN (Musée du Louvre) / Les frères Chuzeville. Figure 7.5 Boeotian black-figure kantharos, Kabirion Group. 5 th c. B.C.E. Cassel, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen. Drawing by D. Weiss, after van Straten 1995: pl. 26. Figure 7.6 Athenian red-figure amphora, Nausicaa Painter. c. 440–430 B.C.E. London, British Museum E 284. © Trustees of the British Museum. Figure 7.7 Athenian red-figure cup interior, Epidromos Painter. c. 500 B.C.E. Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum IV 3691. © Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien. Figure 8.1 Diagram of the ten burials at