Epidemics and the Health of African Nations

Mistra Mistra

Description

News footage of disease in Africa is a familiar sight. Yet these outbreaks are often presented out of context, with no reference to the conditions that have triggered them. MISTRA’s new book, Epidemics and the Health of African Nations, aims to redress that. Researchers and practitioners from within the continent explore why Africa is so vulnerable to disease, and show how this vulnerability is closely linked to political and economic factors. They demonstrate how these same factors determine the way epidemics are treated.
Authors extract lessons from case studies in different parts of Africa; challenge conventional frameworks about disease to argue for a ‘syndemics’ approach that takes into account the interrelationship between disease and political and socio-economic contexts; explore challenges of Africa’s future. They argue that a well-functioning health system is at the core of a country’s capacity to counter an epidemic.
This volume brings African experts together to probe possible solutions to the continent’s heavy burden of disease. The insights offered will be helpful in devising policy for the control of disease and the combatting of epidemics in Africa.

Informations

• Publié par: The Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection (MISTRA)
• Date de parution: 25 juillet 2019
• Nombre de lectures: 4
• EAN13: 9780639995618
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 5 Mo

Extrait

Eîéîçŝ à é Héà ô Aîçà Nàîôŝ

E D ï T E D B Y Zààzîà Màzîûkô

T HISRESEARCHPROJECTWASSUPPORTEDBY :

Published by the Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection (MISTRA) in 2019 Second impression 2019 142 Western Service Rd Woodmead Johannesburg, 2191

ISBN 978-0-6399955-9-5

ePUB ISBN 978-0-6399956-0-1

d-PDF ISBN 978-0-6399956-1-8

© MISTRA, 2019

Production and design by Jacana Media, 2019

Editor in chief: Joel Netshitenzhe

Text editor: Alison Lowry

Designer: Alexandra Turner

Set in Stempel Garamond 10.5/15pt

Please cite this publication as follows: MISTRA. 2019.Epidemics and the Health of African Nations.Zamanzima Mazibuko (ed). Johannesburg: Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection.

All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without prior written permission of both the copyright holder and the publisher of the book.

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.

Côéŝ

Preface by Joel Netshitenzhe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

S E C T ï O N O N E : E P ï D E M ï C S A N D S Y N D E M ï C S ï N A F R ï C A : D ï S E A S E ï N C O N T E X T

Chapter 1: Introduction: Epidemics and Health Systems in Africa  –Zamanzima Mazibuko4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 2: Syndemics, Food Security, Health, and Local  Environments: Chronic Undernutrition in Zimbabwe  – Bill H. Kinsey42. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

S E C T ï O N T W O : C O N T E N D ï N G W ï T H E P ï D E M ï C S A N D H E A T H S Y S T E M S ï N A F R ï C A

st Chapter 3: Cholera in Africa in the 21 Century: Questions of  Justice and Human Rights – Sunanda Ray, Farai D. Madzimbamuto, and David Sanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Chapter 4: Outbreaks and Epidemics of Malaria in SADC: Cycles of  Frustration in Preventive Action  –Kaka Mudambo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

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Epidemics and the Health of African Nations

Chapter 5: Containing Ebola in Nigeria: An African Success Story  –Nathaniel Umukoro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

S E C T ï O N T H R E E : C O N T E N D ï N G W ï T H C H R O N ï C C O N D ï T ï O N S ï N A F R ï C A N H E A T H S Y S T E M S

Chapter 6: Non-communicable Disease Epidemics: Approaches to  Prevention and Control in Sub-Saharan Africa  –Pamela A. Juma, Kenneth Juma, and Gerald Yonga167 Chapter 7: Care, Context, and Chronic Illness: Lessons from HIV-  positive Adolescents and Their Families in South Africa’s  Eastern Cape  –Beth Vale197. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 8: Knowledge, Power and the Role of Frontline Health  Workers for South Africa’s Epidemic Preparedness  –Miriam Di Paola and Beth Vale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

S E C T ï O N F O U R : T H E F U T U R E O F H E A T H S Y S T E M S ï N A F R ï C A

Chapter 9: The Potential of Technological Innovation in Health Care  in Africa: Lessons from Nanotechnology  –Zamanzima Mazibuko and Steven Mufamadi273. . . . Chapter 10: From Present African Health Care Systems to the Future:  Health Financing in Ghana and Rwanda  –Samuel Adu-Gyamfi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Chapter 11: Preparedness for Epidemics in South Africa: The Health  System and Proposals for National Health Insurance  –Alex van den Heever350. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 12: Conclusion  –Zamanzima Mazibuko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385

Index

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

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Péàçé

AfrIca bears an InordInate ôôîô ô é ô’ŝ îŝéàŝéŝ à éîéîçŝ. Réçé ôûéàkŝ ô çôéà à Eôà çàû ŝévéà çôûîéŝ ô ûà à îôû é ŝàéîéŝ ééé ô çôà é. Té àé à îç évàŝàî îŝéàŝéŝ ééé, ŝéà, à é- ééé àŝ ééàé ûç îŝçûŝŝîô àôû é éiçàç ô Aîçà çôûîéŝ’ éà ŝŝéŝ. Tîŝ éàîŝ ô ŝûç îŝŝûéŝ àŝ éà ôîç, îàŝûçûé, ŝài, ûî, à ààéé ôéŝ. Hôévé, àçôŝŝ é çôîé éé àvé éé ô àîûéŝ à ŝûççéŝŝéŝ î éàî î éîéîçŝ. Té àé î îç é éà ô Eôà àŝ ŝî çôàîé à éîîàé î Nîéîà î 2014 à é éçôûàî ôûçôéŝ î ààî ààîà î ŝôûé Aîçà éà ôŝîîvé ààîŝà. Déŝîé éŝôûçé çôŝàîŝ, ŝôé çôûîéŝ, ŝûç àŝ Gàà à Ràà, àé ôéŝŝîvé îôûçî ôŝ ô àîôà éà îŝûàçé. O é ôé à, Zîàé àŝ ôvé é àŝ éçàé éxéîéçé ô àjô ôûéàkŝ ô çôéà, îç éŝûé î à çôîé éà ô ô ôvé ôû ôûŝà éŝîéŝ. Eŝàîŝî à îéç çôéàîô ô ééé é ŝûîéŝŝ ô

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Epidemics and the Health of African Nations

éà ŝŝéŝ à ŝûççéŝŝ î éàî î éîéîçŝ çà, à îéŝ, é à àkéŝŝ éxéçîŝé. Fô îŝàçé, Nîéîà’ŝ éà ŝŝé îŝ ô ûç îéé ô ôŝé ô Gûîéà, Sîéà éôé, à îéîà îç ôé é û ô é 2014 Eôà çîŝîŝ. Sôû Aîçà’ŝ àéà ôàî àéŝ àé à îé à î çôûîéŝ î ûç éé éŝôûçéŝ à éàké éà îàŝûçûé. Téŝé éxéîéçéŝ ûéîé é éé ô àôàç éîéîçŝ ô à ûç ôàé éŝéçîvé. Té Eôà éîŝôé î Nîéîà, î îŝ àûé î îŝ vôûé, ŝéàkŝ ô é ôéŝŝîôàîŝ ô éà ôkéŝ ŝûç àŝ D Aéô Séà Aàévô, ô ŝôô é ôû î é àçé ô éŝŝûé, îvé é îôàîç ŝàûŝ ô Pàîé Zéô. Môîîŝàîô  ôvéé à ôé ŝéçôŝ ô ŝôçîé ô évé à îŝàŝé ô ôûéà ôôîôŝ î àŝ éàvî à ôûàé à çî àŝ àôŝ àŝ àŝô ûàéà. D Aàévô, ô à çôé îô çôàç î Pàîé Zéô àé é à éé îŝîàôŝé, éŝé ŝûççûé ô é îŝéàŝé. Té çôàŝé ô ôvéàçé à é ééç ô ŝàîàîô à àé îàŝûçûé î Zîàé’ŝ çàîà çî ô Hààé àŝ î àé éàŝûé éŝôŝîé ô é ôûéàk ô çôéà à é éŝûî î ààî àéŝ. Tîŝ àŝ àŝô à çôŝéqûéçé ô é îé éçôôîç ŝîûàîô à é ôŝôûŝ îŝjûçûé ééé àîôà ôvéé à é ôôŝîîô-é ûà ûîçîàî. Hééî îéŝ é éévàçé ô à ŝéîçŝ àôàç ô é ààéé ô îŝéàŝé, îç îôŝ ûç ô îŝ vôûé. ï îŝ à àôàç à ôçééŝ ô é éŝéçîvé à ôîîçà àîçŝ, ŝôçîô-éçôôîç îŝŝûéŝ àŝ é àŝ évîôéà àçôŝ ô çôîûé ô é ôûéàk à ààéé ô îŝéàŝé. Côîé î éŝé àé îéà à çôŝŝ-ôé îàîô, qûàî ô ûîîô àé à jûŝ ôô ŝéçûî, à à îà ô çûûà à ôé àçôŝ. ï ôé ôŝ, é îôŝôçîà çôéx àŝ à îôà éàî ô é ôûéàk ô îŝéàŝéŝ à îéàçîôŝ àô é. Aûôŝ î îŝ ôôk àŝô à àéîô ô é ôàîŝàîôà îéàçîéŝ î éà àçîîîéŝ à é ôkôàŝ ôé  ôçôŝ, é àŝŝ ô ôîé éà ôkéŝ, à é çôûîîéŝ ô çàé. Hô é éà ôéŝŝîôàŝ àé ààé, îçûî ŝîkî é î ààçé ééé àéôk à çîîçà ûîéŝ, îŝ çûçîà î ééîî

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Preface

é qûàî ô çàé. Tîŝ çàŝ ô ûîîéçîôà éà ééé àîéŝ, éà ôkéŝ, à çôûîîéŝ. ï é éçé éîô, ô-çôûîçàé îŝéàŝéŝ àvé ŝàé ô àké éî ô ô àé ûéŝ ô Aîçà ôûàîôŝ. ïôîçà, é îŝé ô é îé ŝàà – çôîé î é çàôîç àé î îç ŝéçîôŝ ô é ôûàîô àé ûàîŝî à àôî é îéŝéŝ – îŝ àé éŝôŝîé ô îŝ. Té çéà éŝŝàé ô îŝ ôôk îŝ à ŝééî éà ŝŝéŝ à çôûéî ôûéàkŝ ô îŝéàŝéŝ éqûîé à îéàé, îçûŝîvé, à àŝîŝçîîà àôàç. A çîîçà ééé ô îŝ îŝ é éé ô Aîçà çôûîéŝ ô ôé àéŝîŝ î évéôî éŝéàç çààçî à îŝ éŝôŝîvé ô é îvé éxéîéçéŝ à éà ééŝ ô éî ôûàîôŝ. Té Màûûé ïŝîûé ôéŝ à  éxàîî é çàéé ô éîéîçŝ î Aîçà ô à ôà, îôŝôçîà éŝéçîvé, îŝ ôôk î éçôûàé àôîç éLéçîôŝ à îéàé ôîç évéôé à îééàîô. MïSTRA îŝéŝ ô àk é àûôŝ, éé évîééŝ, à ôé àéŝ – àçôŝŝ é çôîé – ô ôké î ûŝ î çôûçî îŝ éŝéàç. Pôôû àîûé îŝ àŝô ûé ô é Déàé ô Sçîéçé à Téçôô à é éxéé àî ô ûéŝ ô éé ŝûç ôk ôŝŝîé.

ix

– Joel NetshItenzhe Exéçûîvé Dîéçô