HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe

K. Muvhiringi

Description

There has been a tremendous progress to the available plethora of literature on young men masculinities and HIV risk behaviors. This book integrated theories of masculinities that shape young men's HIV risk behaviors using available empirical evidence. The book focused firmly on Zimbabwe young men masculinities and risk behaviors, Young Men as a Focal Point for an effective Behavioral Change. Therefore, the book is an essential reading for policy makers, program developers and scholars of young men masculinities that are related to HIV risk behaviors.

Sujets

• Disease
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Social Science
• Health Issues

Informations

• Publié par: Mwanaka Media and Publishing
• Date de parution: 05 août 2022
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781779272683
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 2 Mo

Extrait

risk behaviors, using available empirical evidence. The book focuses Irmly on

a CertiIcate in Gender Based Violence, a CertiIcate in Sexual Reproductive Health Rights, a CertiIcate of Covid-19 Digital Awareness Challenge 2020 and a CertiIcate in Humanitarian Assistance. He has worked with various international organizations in Zimbabwe dealing with Sexual Reproductive Health Rights and

HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe A Review on the Relationship Between Perception of Masculinity amongst Unmarried Young Men and their Sexual Behaviors

Lucas K. Muvhiringi

HIV AND AIDS IN ZIMBABWE:

A REVIEW ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEPTION OF MASCULINITY AMONGST UNMARRIED YOUNG MEN AND THEIR SEXUAL BEHAVIORS

LUCAS KUDAKWASHE MUVHIRINGI

Edited by Tendai R. Mwanaka

Mwanaka Media and Publishing Pvt Ltd, Chitungwiza Zimbabwe * Creativity, Wisdom and Beauty

Publisher:Mmap Mwanaka Media and Publishing Pvt Ltd 24 Svosve Road, Zengeza 1 Chitungwiza Zimbabwe [e-mail] [e-mail] https://www.mmapublishing.org www.africanbookscollective.com/publishers/mwanaka- media-and-publishing https://facebook.com/MwanakaMediaAndPublishing/ Distributed in and outside N. America by African Books Collective [e-mail] www.africanbookscollective.com ISBN: 978-1-77921-328-0 EAN: 9781779213280 ©Lucas Kudakwashe Muvhiringi 2022 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical or electronic, including photocopying and recording, or be stored in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher

DISCLAIMER All views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views ofMmap.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Special thanks to my parents for the support offered during my international study in Thailand. It has been not easy during the corona virus pandemic period, but my family kept so close to and I never felt far away from home. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr Rodger Doran for the guidance throughout the mentorship. Also, special thanks to Prof. Dr. Marc Van der Putten and Assoc. Prof. Roy Batterham for their guidance

and support.

Finally, I give thanks to the Faculty of Public Health for the scholarship award which made my studies in Thailand possible. I am also grateful for the assistance offered by the faculty and for making us feel at home.Most importantly, I want to thank the Almighty God for his divine protection and enabling me to finish my master’s degree

successfully.

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 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .....................................iii ABSTRACT ................................................................1 1.1 HIV and Youths in Sub-Saharan Africa .....3 1.2 Young people and HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe .........................................................10 1.2.1 Why unmarried young men in Zimbabwe? .............................................................................18 1.3 Strategies and Inter ventions used in Zimbabwe in response to HIV/AIDS ......23 1.3.1 Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission ......................................................24 1.3.2 Zimbabwe National Behavior Change Program ...............................................................26 1.3.3 Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision .....29 1.3.4 Condom use and prevention strategy .......32 1.4 How Perception of Masculinity influence men’s behavior ....................................................34 1.4.1 Conceptual Framework ..............................39 1.5 Problem Statement ........................................41 1.6 Study purpose ................................................41

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1.7 Research Questions ......................................41 1.7.1 Research Objectives ...................................42 1.7.2 End Products ..............................................43 CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ......44 2.1 Study Design .................................................44 2.2 Sampling Frame and Strategy ......................44 2.3 Prisma Flow Chart. .......................................46 2.4 Data collection strategies. ............................48 CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF FINDINGS .................59 3.1 How young men in Zimbabwe understand and demonstrate their masculinity ....................60 3.2 Masculinity and young men participation in HIV preventative services such as voluntary male circumcision and condom use. .................67 3.3 Lessons learned about perception of masculinity from HIV preventative programs such as VMMC and condom use. .....................77 CHAPTER 4 ............................................................89 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS ................................89 4.1 Understanding Zimbabwe Masculinities ....89 4.2 Masculinities and HIV risky behaviors. ......94 4.3 Implication for practice, what needs to be done. ....................................................................99

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CHAPTER 5 ..........................................................106 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 106 5.1 Conclusion ...................................................106 5.2 Recommendations ......................................108 references……………………………………115 Mmap Non Fiction and Academic Books…...133

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Symbols/Abbreviations Terms AIDS....................................Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ART.....................................................Antiretroviral Treatment HIV.....................................................Human Immune Virus NAC...................................................National AIDS Council PSI..................................................... Population Service International SDG....................................................Sustainable Development Goal SRHR.............................................Sexual Reproductive Health Rights UN………………………………United Nations UNAIDS........................United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS UNFPA..............................................United Nations Population Fund VMMC.......................................Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision WHO...................................................World Health Organization ZDHS.....................................Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey ZIMSTAT...................................Zimbabwe National Statistic Agency ZNASP……...Zimbabwe’s National HIV and AIDS Strategic Plan

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 ABSTRACT his documentary review intended to modify T iorr HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe. The stud understand the relationship between young men’s perceptions of masculinity and risk ing behav s fo y examined and assessed if hegemonic masculinities identities and

perceptions influence young men to indulge in risk behaviors that expose them to HIV/AIDS. The study further assessed how young men masculinities influence their participation in HIV/AIDS preventative programs.

The review’s main findings demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between young men’s masculinity and the level of engagement in risky behavior such as having multiple partners, not

using condoms, and not participating in HIV preventative programs such as VMMC and condom use. While the existing literature does help explain the relationship between masculinity norms and men’s sexual behaviors several gaps remain. The gaps include lack of disaggregated data in specifying the age where

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