Hope Amidst Despair

Susanna W. Grannis

Description

Of the 16 million children to have been orphaned by AIDS worldwide, almost 15 million live in sub-Saharan Africa. Hope Amidst Despair focuses on these children and those who are made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS.



Of the millions affected, many live in deep poverty, experience little schooling, have unmet health and psychological issues and bear the burden of stigma. Their plight is often ignored and, as a result, they lead lives of isolation and exclusion that threaten their futures. The book gives voice to HIV/AIDS orphans, allowing them to tell their stories and explain the challenges they face. Susanna Grannis, founder of CHABHA (Children Affected by HIV/AIDS), shows through first-hand experience and research how young community leaders can, with help, effectively promote children's wellbeing and independence. Readers learn of the complexities and possibilities involved in positive development through the analysis of data on children from five different countries in sub-Saharan Africa.



This will be an essential title for HIV/AIDS campaigners, students of development studies, policy makers, donors, and anyone concerned about the welfare of children in developing countries.
Acknowledgements

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Introduction

1. Framing the Issues

2. One Continent, Five Countries, and Five Different Epidemics

3. Girls and Women, Special Vulnerabilities

4. Life Sustainer, ARV Treatment

5. Prevention: The Long-term Goal

6. Poverty and Children’s Wellbeing

7. Education: A Basic Human Right

8. I Feel It in My Heart

9. Supporting Children

10. A Matter of Money and Intention

11. Hope and/or Despair

Notes

Index

Sujets

• Health Issues
• Social Science
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Disease
• Health

Informations

• Publié par: Pluto Press
• Date de parution: 07 octobre 2011
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781849646970
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 11 Mo

Extrait

HOPE AMIdST DESPaIR

Hope AmiDst DespAir

HiV/AiDsAffEcTEd ChIldREn In subsahaRan AfRIca

Susanna W. Grannis

FIRST PublIShEd 2011 by pluTO pRESS 345 ARchway rOad, LOndOn N6 5AA

www.PluTObOOkS.cOM

DISTRIbuTEd In ThE UnITEd sTaTES Of AMERIca ExcluSIvEly by palgRavE macMIllan, a dIvISIOn Of sT. maRTIn’S pRESS LLC, 175 FIfTh AvEnuE, NEw YORk, NY 10010

COPyRIghT © suSanna W. GRannIS 2011

thE RIghT Of suSanna W. GRannIS TO bE IdEnTIfiEd aS ThE auThOR Of ThIS wORk haS bEEn aSSERTEd by hER In accORdancE wITh ThE COPyRIghT, DESIgnS and paTEnTS AcT 1988.

BRITISh LIbRaRy CaTalOguIng In publIcaTIOn DaTa A caTalOguE REcORd fOR ThIS bOOk IS avaIlablE fROM ThE BRITISh LIbRaRy

isBN isBN

978 0 7453 3154 6 978 0 7453 3153 9

HaRdback paPERback

LIbRaRy Of COngRESS CaTalOgIng In publIcaTIOn DaTa aPPlIEd fOR

thIS bOOk IS PRInTEd On PaPER SuITablE fOR REcyclIng and MadE fROM fully ManagEd and SuSTaInEd fOREST SOuRcES. LOggIng, PulPIng and ManufacTuRIng PROcESSES aRE ExPEcTEd TO cOnfORM TO ThE EnvIROnMEnTal STandaRdS Of ThE cOunTRy Of ORIgIn.

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DESIgnEd and PROducEd fOR pluTO pRESS by ChaSE publIShIng sERvIcES LTd tyPESET fROM dISk by sTanfORd Dtp sERvIcES, NORThaMPTOn, england sIMulTanEOuSly PRInTEd dIgITally by Cpi AnTOny rOwE, ChIPPEnhaM, UK and edwaRdS BROS In ThE UnITEd sTaTES Of AMERIca

COnTEnTS

Tables and Figures Acknowledgements Acronyms and Abbreviations

Introduction  1 Framing the Issues  2 One Continent, Five Countries, and Five Different Epidemics  3 Girls and Women: Special Vulnerabilities  4 Life Sustainer: ARV Treatment  5 Prevention: The Longterm Goal  6 Poverty and Children’s Wellbeing  7 Education: A Basic Human Right  8 I Feel It in My Heart  9 Supporting Children 10 A Matter of Money and Intention 11 Hope and/or Despair

Notes Index

vi vii ix

1 6

21 37 51 67 82 96 110 125 143 157

163 180

tablES and FIguRES

tABLes

2.1 The five countries 4.1 Vertical transmission: the five focus countries, per cent 4.2 People needing and receiving ARV treatment, per cent 5.1 Knowledge of HIV/AIDS among 15–24yearolds, per cent 6.1 Underfive mortality rate, number of under age five deaths per 1000 live births 7.1 Per pupil expenditure at primary and secondary levels in US$, 2007 9.1 Supporting children

FiGUres

2.1 Marianthe shows the virus leaving her body 4.1 Jeanne’s picture 8.1 Patrick’s picture 9.1 A gathering

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34 56 61

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9

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107 126

22 52 115 140

AcknOwlEdgEMEnTS

Far more than a process of gathering information and writing, this book happened because I have had the privilege of working with people in Africa and North America who have made a huge difference in many lives, including my own. There are so many – this is a poor attempt to acknowledge and thank. My heartfelt thanks go first to the children of the CHABHA projects, particularly those I have had the pleasure to know and talk with. Though living in difficult circumstances, so many display enormous bravery, honesty, welcome, and willingness to share. My thanks for their inspiration and to their leaders who have taught me so much about caring for others, the importance of listening, and determination. The staff of the CHABHA offices are few but accomplish so much – my thanks to them during the years we worked together: Martha Black, Cynthia Clough, Richard Kabalisa, David Loewenguth, Justine Musabyeyesu, Richard Mutabazi, Eric Rwabuhihi, Micheline Umulisa, and Alice Uwera. People working with children and project leaders who have given of their time as guides to schools and projects, my thanks: Lynne Coull, Ann Dean, Rachel Mash, and others. At the very beginning of our work for CHABHA, in 2003, we were introduced to Rwanda by Glenn Hawkes. Our great thanks to him and to project leaders we met during that first visit. The USbased CHABHA Board of Directors, past and present, has been helpful in ways that might surprise them: Carol Beatty, Jane Davis, Beth DeAngelis, Judith Flower, Joe Grannis, Terry and Billy Holliday, Eileen Kawola, Ken and Donna Moulton, Stephen Owen, Aida and Walter Pluss, Eric Rwabuhihi, Adelit Rukomangana, Jim and Beverly Scott, Nancy Segal, Jean Smith, Hilary Ware, and Belinda Whipple Worth. I learned a lot by hearing and seeing the projects through the eyes and talk of folks who traveled to the projects in Burundi, Rwanda, and South Africa: Thomas Brown, Jean Carr, Helen Crawshaw, Jane Davis, Dolly Glennon, Joe Grannis, Joel Hill, Shirley Hodgdon, Eileen Kawola, Lori Palmer, Joan Pinella, Hilary Ware, Alison Whitney, and Belinda Whipple Worth. Volunteers for a month or more in Rwanda who have so well served the children of the CHABHA projects well include Naomi Shafer, who led a number

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of the interviews included here, interviews ably translated by Eric Rwabuhihi and Justin Murabyeyesu. Naomi’s sister, Miriam Shafer, has been a longterm volunteer twice. Her photographs are truly inspirational, and include the photograph on the cover; Mim also taught the girls about making reusable feminine hygiene. Ira Curtis worked with young men and their construction teacher to build furniture forIwacu. Mac Jackson devised a special English book for teaching Project Independence students preparing to be waiters. David Loewenguth volunteered for nine months and has become CHABHA’s Executive Director! All these visitors have contributed to CHABHA and the children in many ways; their insights have been really helpful. My thanks to them. There are some special people who read part or all of the manuscript and who made helpful suggestions. While errors and omissions are mine, the book is much improved by the comments of Carol Beninati, Cynthia Clough, Helen Cornman, Jim Crosson, Nancy Dyke, Joe Grannis, Aida Pluss, and William T. Whitney, Jr. My great thanks to them. And thanks as well to the people at Pluto Press, who have been very encouraging, responsive, and generally helpful. A special thanks to children and grandchildren, who remind me of home and hearth. Thanks, too, to neighbors who took over farm chores so I could travel. Finally, my husband Joe deserves my eternal thanks for his support, interest, criticisms, caring thoughtfulness, and devotion to CHABHA and its cause.

AcROnyMS and AbbREvIaTIOnS

ABC AIDS AJESOV

ARV ART CHABHA CD4

CYCW DFID EFA FTI G8

HIV MAP MDG NGO PEPFAR MTCT PIH RFP SANAC U5CM UNAIDS UNESCO

UNICEF USAID

Abstain, Be faithful, use a Condom Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Association des Jeunes Volontaires pour le Soutien aux Orphelins du VIH/SIDA (Association of Young Volunteers for the Support of Orphans of HIV/AIDS) Antiretroviral Antiretroviral treatment Children Affected by HIV/AIDS Cluster of differentiation 4; type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) Children and Youth Care Workers Department for International Development  UK Education for All Fast Track Initiative Group of 8 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, US) Human immunodeficiency Multicountry HIV/AIDS program (World Bank) Millennium Development Goals Nongovernmental organization President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief Mothertochild transmission Partners in Health Rwandan Patriotic Front South African National AIDS Council Underfive Child Mortality United Nations AIDS United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization United Nations Children’s Fund US overseas aid agency

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