Jailtacht

Diarmait Mac Giolla Chríost

Description

Using research methods and techniques, the author closely analyses the emergence of the Irish language amongst republican prisoners and ex prisoners in Northern Ireland from the 1970’s up until the present. This pioneering study shows how the language was used exclusively in parts of the prison, despite the efforts of the prison authorities to suppress the language, and the dramatic impact this had on Irish society. Drawing on interviews with the prisoners, and various other materials, Mac Giolla Chriost shows how these developments gave rise to the popular coinage of the term ‘Jailtacht’, a deformation of ‘Gaeltacht’ - the official Irish-speaking district of the Republic of Ireland, to describe this unique linguistic phenomenon.

Sujets

• Disciplines
• Language Arts
• Sociologie, société et politique
• Irlanda del Norte
• Linguistics
• Irish language
• 21st century
• Sociolinguistics
• 20th century
• Northern Ireland
• Irlande du Nord

Informations

• Publié par: University of Wales Press
• Date de parution: 15 mai 2012
• Nombre de lectures: 0
• EAN13: 9781783165117
• Langue: English
• Poids de l'ouvrage: 1 Mo

Extrait

JAILTACHT
JAILTACHT
THE IRISH LANGUAGE, SYMBOLIC POWER AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN NORTHERN IRELAND, 1972-2008
DIARMAIT MAC GIOLLA CHR OST
Diarmait Mac Giolla Chr ost, 2012 Cover image: Richard Hamilton, The Citizen 901981-3) Richard Hamilton. All rights reserved, DACS 2010 Cover design: Dalen (Llyfrau) Cyf
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright owner. Applications for the copyright owner s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the University of Wales Press, 10 Columbus Walk, Brigantine Place, Cardiff CF10 4UP.
www.uwp.co.uk
British Library CIP Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-7083-2496-7 e-ISBN 978-1-78316-511-7
The right of Diarmait Mac Giolla Chr ost to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 79 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
CONTENTS
List of illustrations
Acknowledgements
1 Introduction
2 Chronology
3 Style
4 Performance
5 Visual Grammar
6 Ideology
7 Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
List of illustrations
FIGURES
Figure 1: Plan of HMP the Maze source: Longwell, 1998: 233
Figure 2: H-Block architecture source: Longwell, 1998: 232
TABLES
Table 1 : List of prisoners in H-5 D wing in December1997 source: http://republican-news.org/archive/1997/December04/04pris.html and http://www.irlnet.com/saoirse/ (accessed 22 February 2009)
Table 2: List of prisoners in H-8 D wing in December1997 source: http://republican-news.org/archive/1997/December04/04pris.html and http://www.irlnet.com/saoirse/ (accessed 22 February 2009)
PLATES
Plate 1: Photograph of the Cages source: Prison Struggle , 1977: 33
Plate 2: Photograph of a Gaeltacht Hut source: Prison Struggle , 1977: 34
Plate 3: Image from a dirty protest cell showing clean patches of wall possibly used for Irish lessons source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v L965m4GB55c (accessed 12 January 2009)
Plate 4: Image of protesting prisoner writing on cell wall source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v F4QDHYW7DP8 feature rela ted (accessed 12 January 2009)
Plate 5: Foghlaim na Gaeilge source: Faoi Ghlas ag Gaill, 1981: 6
Plate 6: Hunger-strikers gravestone, 1981 source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mcelwee_grave.jpg
Plate 7: Seabhac , Glenfada Park / Rossville Street, Derry, c .1983 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 8: N bheidh s och in ann gan saoirse , Shaws Road, Belfast, c .1983 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 9: Guth n Phobail , Unity Flats, Belfast, c .1983 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 10: Mise ire 1 , Chamberlain Street, Derry, c .1983 source: indymedia http://www.indymedia.ie/attachments/feb2006/mise_ eire.jpg
Plate 11: Mise ire 2 , Chamberlain Street, Derry, c .1983 source: Woods, 1995
Plate 12: ire saor , Turf Lodge, Belfast, 1982 source: Stanford
Plate 13: Tiocfaidh r l 1, Hawthorn Street, Belfast, c .1984 source: Sinn F in, 1984: 2
Plate 14: Tiocfaidh r l 2, Cable Street, Derry, 1984 source: Rolston, 1991: 102
Plate 15: I nd l chuimhne , St. James, Road, Belfast, c .1984 source: Rolston, 1992: 39
Plate 16: Loch gC l , Springhill Avenue, Belfast, 1987 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 17: Nuadha , Springhill Avenue, Belfast, 1987 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 18: Bua , Cable Street, Derry, 1987 source: Rolston, 1991: 108
Plate 19: Fiche blian 1 , Lower Falls, Belfast, c .1989 source: the author
Plate 20: Fiche blian 2 , Sevastopol Street /Falls Road, Belfast, c .1989 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 21: An Ghaeilge , Falls Road, Belfast, c .1989 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 22: Saoirse n b s , Carlisle Road, Belfast, c .1989 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 23: Tiocfaidh ar la 3 , Springhill Park, Strabane, c .1993 source: Rolston, 1995: 21
Plate 24: Beidh an l linn , Rosnareen Road / Shaws Road, Belfast, c .1989 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 25: An Gorta M r , Ardoyne Avenue, Belfast, c .1995 source: Donnelly Pers.comm.
Plate 26: The Mass Rock , Ardoyne Avenue, Belfast, c .1995 source: donnelly pers.comm.
Plate 27: Labhair an teanga Ghaeilge liom , Ardoyne Avenue, Belfast, c .1995 source: http://peacelinetours.g2gm.com/reviews/mural.jpg
Plate 28: Saoirse 1 , New Lodge Road, Belfast, c .1997 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 29: Saoirse 2 , New Lodge Road, Belfast, c .1997 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 30: Pobal , Falls Road, Belfast, c . 2002 source: Tony Crowley and with acknowledgement to the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Plate 31: Labhair cib Gaeilge at agat , Belfast, 2007 source: indymedia http://www.indymedia.ie/article/82963
Plate 32: Is fearr Gaeilge bhriste , Belfast, 2007 source fionnchu http://fionnchu.blogspot.com/2007_12_01_archive.htm
Plate 33: Borrokarako , Belfast source: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/197/476033519_021dd9db7f. jpg?v 0
Acknowledgements
I am indebted to a number of individuals for their help, sometimes unprompted, during the creation of this book: Neal Alexander, Kristian Brown, Colm Donnelly, Ciar n Dunbar, Roger Macginty, Feargal Mac Ionnrachtaigh, Se n McConville and Peter Sheridan. I am grateful too for the help of the staff of various organisations: Coiste, the library of the Queen s University Belfast, the Linen Hall Library Belfast, the Public Record Office Northern Ireland, Ultach Trust, the Hoover Institution Archives at Stanford University, the Robert W. Woodruff Library at Emory University and, of course, all at the School of Welsh, Cardiff university. In addition, I would like to record my thanks to a number of scholarly groups and bodies who provided critical audiences for early presentations on the research that led to this book: the Celtic Studies Colloquium at Harvard University, the Linguistics Forum at the University of Aberystwyth, the Crime Narratives in Context Research Network at Cardiff University, the Ireland-Wales Research Network at Cardiff University, the Welsh Institute of Social and Cultural Affairs at Bangor University, the School of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Melbourne, the School of Irish, Celtic Studies, Irish Folklore and Linguistics at University college, Dublin and Cymdeithas Carnhuanawc.
I would also like to thank several individuals and organisations for permission to use various copyright material in this book.

Bill Rolston and Associated University Presses for permission to use: Plate 14: Tiocfaidh r l 2, Cable Street, Derry, 1984 Plate 15: I nd l chuimhne , St. James, Road, Belfast, c .1984 Plate 18: Bua , Cable Street, Derry, 1987 Plate 23: Tiocfaidh ar la 3 , Springhill Park, Strabane, c .1993
Colm Donnelly for permission to use: Plate 25: An Gorta M r , Ardoyne Avenue, Belfast, c .1995 (source: Donnelly pers.comm.) Plate 26: The Mass Rock , Ardoyne Avenue, Belfast, c .1995 (source: Donnelly pers.comm.)
Wikipedia for permission to use: Plate 6: Hunger-strikers gravestone, 1981
Tony Crowley and the Claremont Colleges Digital Library for permission to use: Plate 7: Seabhac , Glenfada Park / Rossville Street, Derry, c. 1983 Plate 8: N bheidh s och in ann gan saoirse , Shaws Road, Belfast, c .1983 Plate 9: Guth n Phobail , Unity Flats, Belfast, c .1983 Plate 16: Loch gC l , Springhill Avenue, Belfast, 1987 Plate 17: Nuadha , Springhill Avenue, Belfast, 1987 Plate 20: Fiche blian 2 , Sevastopol Street / Falls Road, Belfast, c .1989 Plate 21: An Ghaeilge , Falls Road, Belfast, c .1989 Plate 22: Saoirse n b s , Carlisle Road, Belfast, c .1989 Plate 24: Beidh an l linn , Rosnareen Road/Shaws Road, Belfast, c .1989 Plate 28: Saoirse 1 , New Lodge Road, Belfast, c .1997 Plate 29: Saoirse 2 , New Lodge Road, Belfast, c .1997 Plate 30: Pobal , Falls Road, Belfast, c . 2002
Dr John L. Murphy for permission to use: Plate 32: Is fearr Gaeilge bhriste , Belfast, 2007 (source fionnchu http://fionnchu.blogspot.com/2007_12_01_archive.htm)
The Guildhall Press for permission to use: Plate 11: Mise ire 2 , Chamberlain Street, Derry, c .1983
Peaceline Tours for permission to use: Plate 27: Labhair an teanga Ghaeilge liom , Ardoyne Avenue, Belfast, c .1995
Every effort has been made to contact all copyright holders. Any rights not acknowledged here will be acknowledged in subsequent printings if notice is given to the publisher.
Tiomna m an leabhar seo d Ema
1 INTRODUCTION

Questions of language are basically questions of power. 1
[I]n the routine flow of day-to-day life, power is seldom exercised as overt physical force: instead, it is transmuted into a symbolic form, and thereby endowed with a kind of legitimacy that it would not otherwise have. 2
Violence, political. Resort to force for political ends, outside its normal use in international warfare or in the internal administration of justice.[ ] Terrorism is the paradigm of political violence. 3
CONTEXT
This book is set in the context of the historical ethno-political conflict that occurred in Northern Ireland during the last quarter of the twentieth century, but it is not about it. Rather, it is concerned with a very particul